Through customs
orchid
With the mountain overlooking the ancient border state sea, the shadow wind turned to see the garrison building.
Peach blossom after the horse, snow before the horse, can't go back after customs?
[Note] ① Guan refers to Juyongguan. ②(pèI), using a standard.
Test analysis
(1) In the first two sentences of the poem, there is a version that says: "If the general goes, he will be sealed. Why are foot soldiers willing to stay? " Which poem do you like better than this one? Please briefly explain the reasons.
Answer: I like this poem better. The first two paragraphs of this poem show the majestic momentum of Juyongguan, and the scenery description is vivid and vivid, paving the way for the lyric behind.
The sentence "General" lacks a sense of image and is not commensurate with the emotional content of homesickness in the whole poem.
(2) What are the artistic features of the phrase "Peach blossoms after the horse, snow before the horse"? Please analyze it briefly.
Answer:
① The two scenes of peach blossom and snow outside the pass are all gathered at the node of "closing the horse", with vivid descriptions and sharp contrast.
(2) "Peach Blossom" and "Snow" refer to the warmth of hometown and the cold and cheerless life beyond the Great Wall respectively, which are symbolic and contain homesickness.
Appreciation (Chen Zhiming):
Juyongguan is in the northwest of Changping County, Beijing. During Xu Lan's tenure as the chief of staff of the Qing imperial clan An Jun Wang (suspected as Ma Su), in the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), when the Qing emperor unified the army to levy galdan, he went through the customs with An Jun Wang and went from Juyongguan to Cheng Guihua. This poem was written when the army went to the fortress. The poem describes the scenery you saw when you went through the customs, and expresses your feelings of going to the local army to miss your homeland.
The word "this" in the first two sentences, "Why are the soldiers willing to stay here?" was originally missing and poetically added. The first two sentences are about the psychology of foot soldiers before they left Juyongguan. "Hou Feng", literally speaking, refers to being a big official; In essence, it means galloping on the battlefield and winning a great victory. The first two sentences mean that the generals will make meritorious service in the battles in the border areas, which is naturally a great encouragement to the foot soldiers, which means that the foot soldiers will also have the opportunity to make meritorious service, so they are eager to go to the border areas and have no intention of staying.
The last two sentences are about the scene and mood when leaving Juyongguan. The word "Chu" was originally missing, which was supplemented by the book "Different Poems in Qing Dynasty". "Mahou Peach Blossom" means that Shanhaiguan has just entered the spring and is warm and beautiful; "Snow before the horse" refers to whether it is outside the customs or in winter, which is horribly cold. As a result, the foot soldiers who had no intention of staying on the journey could not help but hesitate at the moment of going through the customs, and unconsciously turned around and took a look at the scenery inside the customs. This poem explores the inner world of local soldiers quite deeply. It does not make a static description, but puts the characters in a specific environment and writes about the changes of soldiers' mentality from the changes of the environment: when the opportunity of meritorious service is waiting ahead, the soldiers are full of lofty sentiments; And when you are about to go through the customs and stay away from your hometown, there will inevitably be tenderness and a look back. The hero in the poem is neither a tapir who is willing to die of old age at the bottom of the valley, nor a war tool who only marches to fight without real feelings. Passion and tenderness, sacrifice for the country and homesickness, two opposing feelings, have been quite harmonious and unified in the characters.
What impressed me most about the whole poem was three or four sentences. Especially in the third sentence, it is even more ingenious to write "before the horse" and "after the horse" as two different worlds. In terms of specific writing, this sentence is also very distinctive: "Peach Blossom after Horse" and "Snow before Horse" are compared; Horses are almost human, but they are omitted. Shen Deqian praised the poem and said, "The words in front of us are wonderful and widely circulated. This frontier poem of the Tang Dynasty has never arrived. " Xu Lan is a poet who likes to make amazing remarks. He also has a similar poem in Cheng Guihua Zayong: "After riding, Liu Xia will be loose, and the former army will fall into snow." In the final analysis, the acquisition of "absurdity" and "instant language" is due to the poet's unique experience of frontier fortress life, so it can open up a new realm beyond frontier fortress poetry in the Tang Dynasty. In terms of images and words, it may also be inspired by Quan Deyu's "Horsehead Direction, Sunset Peaks" ("Farewell on the Ridge for a Long Time") and Ma Dai's "Horsehead Walking through the Snow and Crossing Lintao" ("Words on the Wall").
Shen Deqian changed the title of this poem to "Going through the Customs" and changed the first two sentences to "Looking down at the ancient frontier fortress with mountains and seas, seeing the garrison building in the shadow wind". From the poem itself, the first sentence is static, the second sentence is dynamic, and the description of the environment and the rendering of the atmosphere are relatively successful. However, the sentence "depending on the mountain" clearly writes "Guan" as Shanhaiguan, which does not conform to the poet's route of going out with the army this time and should not be appreciated as Xu Lan's creation, so this article does not take it.
Xu Lan was a poet in Qing Dynasty.