1. Translation of Su Shi's classical Chinese
This sentence was said by Su Shi when he elaborated on his views on literary creation, especially prose creation.
This level of literary creation is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Perhaps only the great writer Mr. Dongpo had the talent to dare to say this. Translation: Exploring the subtleties of things is like catching the breeze and shadows. There is probably not one person among millions of people who can make the image of things clear and clear in his heart, let alone one who can use words and actions. To make things clear? This is the "Ci Da" realm of article writing pursued by Su Shi, which emphasizes easy-to-understand articles and opposes a writing style that is difficult, profound, and flashy.
This sentence explains Su Dongpo's pursuit of article style, and at the same time, this pursuit met the specific requirements of "writing to convey the Tao" in the classical prose movement at that time. This passage is also quoted in Mr. Lin Yutang's "The Biography of Su Dongpo".
He also believes that the pursuit of this flat, popular and extraordinary artistic style is precisely the subtlety of Su Dongpo's articles that have been passed down through the ages. He said that writing an article is "roughly like flowing clouds and flowing water, with no definite quality at first.
But it always goes on what it should do, and always stops when it cannot stop. The arts and sciences are natural, and the gestures are full of energy.
Confucius said: If words are not written, they will not go far.
If the words are not written, it is a big mistake. Wonderful, like catching a shadow in the wind, it can be understood by thousands of people, but how much more can it be understood by the mouth and hands?
As for the words that can be reached, the words cannot be used. Yang Xiong likes to use simple words to explain them.
If it is right, everyone will know it. This is what is called carved insect seal cutting. "To explain the style here, Su Dongpo very cleverly described his own way of writing, which was like "moving clouds and flowing water", and he abandoned the secret of writing words and compositions.
There are no rules or rules for when to do it and when to stop it. As long as the author's feelings are beautiful and he can express them truly and accurately, and express them well enough, charm and unique beauty will naturally arise.
It is not an external thing attached to the outside of the text. If you can express it exquisitely and skillfully, the simplicity, naturalness, lightness and elegance of the article will come naturally without asking for it. The so-called simplicity, naturalness, lightness and elegance of the article here are the secret of good style.
With these characteristics, articles will not be boring, and we will not be afraid of running out of good articles to read. 2. Translation of Su Shi's classical Chinese
This sentence was said by Su Shi when he was explaining his views on literary creation, especially prose creation. This level of literary creation is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Perhaps only the great writer Mr. Dongpo dared to say this.
Translation: Exploring the subtleties of things is like catching the breeze and shadows. There is probably not one person among millions of people who can make the image of things clear and clear in his heart. Not to mention being able to make things clear through words and actions?
This is the "Ci Da" realm of article writing pursued by Su Shi, which emphasizes easy-to-understand articles and opposes difficult, profound, and flashy writing styles. This sentence explains Su Dongpo's pursuit of article style, and at the same time, this pursuit met the specific requirements of "writing to convey the Tao" in the classical prose movement at that time.
This passage is also quoted in Mr. Lin Yutang's "The Biography of Su Dongpo". He also believes that the pursuit of this flat, popular and extraordinary artistic style is precisely the subtlety of Su Dongpo's articles that have been passed down through the ages.
He said that writing an article is "roughly like flowing clouds and flowing water. It has no definite quality at first. But it always goes on what it should do, and always stops when it cannot stop. The literature and science are natural, and the posture is full of energy. Confucius said: Words are not written in words, and actions are not done. Far away. He also said: Words are only expressive. If the words are not expressive, it is a big mistake. Seeking the beauty of things is like catching the shadow in the wind. There are thousands of people who can make the things clear to the mind. How can people understand it with their mouths and hands? If the words can be understood, the words cannot be used easily. To put it bluntly, everyone knows this, and this is what is called a carving of insects and seals. "To explain the style here, Su Dongpo very cleverly described his own way of writing. His actions are like "moving clouds and flowing water". He is practicing. The secret of lyrics and composition is abandoned. There are no rules or rules about when to do it or when to stop. As long as the author's feelings are beautiful and he can express them truly and accurately, and express them well enough, charm and unique beauty will naturally arise. It is not an external thing attached to the text. If you can express it exquisitely and skillfully, the simplicity, naturalness, lightness and elegance of the article will come naturally without asking for it. The so-called simplicity, naturalness, lightness and elegance of the article here are the secret of good style. With these characteristics, the article will not be boring, and we will not be afraid of running out of good articles to read. 3. Translation of Su Shi's Biography in Classical Chinese
Su Shi, courtesy name Zizhan, was a native of Meishan, Meizhou.
His father Su Xun traveled widely, so his mother Cheng personally taught him how to read. At the age of ten, I can tell the key points when I hear the successes and failures of the past and present in history books.
One day, Mrs. Cheng sighed excitedly after reading "The Biography of Fan Pang", a history of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Su Shi asked: "If I become Fan Pang, will my mother approve?" Mrs. Cheng replied: "If you can be Fan Pang, can't I be Fan Pang's mother?" As an adult, Su Shi learned about classics and history and wrote articles. I can write thousands of words every day and like the works of Jia Yi and Lu Zhi.
I read "Zhuangzi" again soon and sighed: "I had some opinions of my own at first, but I couldn't express them. Today I read this book and found that this book really touched my heart." In the second year of Jiayou's reign, he participated in the scientific examination hosted by the Ministry of Etiquette.
At that time, the society advocated treacherous and unrighteous writing styles. The examiner Ouyang Xiu hoped to remedy this shortcoming. When he read Su Shi's "On Punishment and Reward Loyalty", he was very surprised. He wanted to rate it first, but he was doubtful. It was written by his student Zeng Gong and was only rated second. He also won first place in the re-examination by answering questions from "Spring and Autumn Annals", and passed the imperial examination in the second subject to become a Jinshi.
Later he wrote to Ouyang Xiu and met with Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu said to Mei Shengyu: "I should avoid this person and let him show his talent." After hearing this, people talked a lot and didn't believe it. Only later did I finally become convinced.
Later he was transferred to the prefect of Xuzhou. (Once) the floods in Cao Village burst their banks, and the wealthy people rushed out of the city to avoid the water.
Su Shi said: "If the rich people leave the city, it will shake the people's hearts. Then who will defend the city with me? As long as I am here, even if the flood breaks the embankment, it will not break down the city wall." Drive the rich people away Return to the city.
Su Shi went to the Wuwei camp and called out the soldier commander and said: "The river is about to rush into the city. The matter is very urgent. Even the imperial army must do their best for me." The soldier commander said: "The prefect is not hiding. Flood, we villains should fight to the death for you."
So he led his men out of the city with a shovel and built a long embankment in the southeast, starting from the horse stage and extending to the city gate. It rained day and night, but the three-high city wall was not submerged.
Su Shi set up a tent on the city wall to live in. He would not go in when he passed by his house, and asked officials to guard the city wall in sections, and finally saved the city. He also asked the imperial court to recruit a new man to strengthen the city wall and build a wooden bank to prevent the flood from coming again. The imperial court listened to him. 4. Are there any ancient articles about Su Shi?
"The Biography of Su Shi" Su Shi, courtesy name Zizhan, was from Meishan, Meizhou.
In the ten years since he was born, his father Xun traveled far and wide to study. His mother, Cheng, personally taught him books. When Mrs. Cheng read the "Biography of Fan Pang" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, she was very moved. Shi asked: "If Shi becomes Pang, will my mother agree to it?" Guan, who is well versed in classics and history, has thousands of words per day in literature, and is good at Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books.
After reading "Zhuangzi", he sighed and said: "I saw it in the past, but I couldn't express it in words, but now I see this book and it has won my heart." He moved to Xuzhou.
The river cuts through Cao Village, overflows into the Liangshan Pond, overflows into the Nanqing River, and merges under the city. It rises and releases from time to time. The city will be defeated, and the wealthy people fight to escape from the water. Shi said: "When the rich people come out, the people are shaken. Who can defend me? I am here, and the water will never defeat the city."
Drive back. Shi Yi went to the Wuwei camp and called the commander of the soldiers, saying: "The river will harm the city. The matter is urgent. Although the army is banned, you can do your best for me."
The commander of the soldiers said: "The governor still does not avoid Tu Luo. I am a villain. "I will obey my orders." He led his disciples out with a bamboo basket and built a long dike in the southeast. The first part was the horse stage and the last part was the city.
The rain will not stop day and night, but the city will not sink. Three editions. Shi's house was built on top of it, and he could not enter his house. He ordered the officials to block it and guard it, and the entire city was guarded.
Please ask the next year's husband to build more wooden banks in the old city in case the Yu River comes again. The imperial court ignored it.
Su Shi, also known as Zizhan, was a native of Meishan County, Meizhou. When he was ten years old, his father Su Xun went to study abroad, and his mother Cheng personally taught him how to read. Whenever Su Shi heard the history of the rise and fall of ancient and modern times, he could tell the summary.
When Mrs. Cheng read "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Fan Pang", she sighed deeply. Su Shi said to her: "If I want to be like Fan Pang, regardless of life and death for the sake of honor and integrity, mother, please agree "?" Cheng said: "If you can be like Fan Pang, how can I not be as knowledgeable about justice as Fan Pang's mother?" As an adult, Su Shi was well versed in Confucian classics and history, and could write thousands of articles every day. I like the works of Jia Yi and Lu Zhi. Soon I read "Zhuangzi" again and sighed: "I had some insights of my own at the beginning, but I couldn't express them. Today I read this book and found that this book really touched my heart."
When I went to Xuzhou to take office, there was a flood that broke the embankment and was about to submerge Cao Village. It flooded Liang Shanbo and was about to overflow the Nanqing River. The water gathered under the city, and the rising water would leak into the city from time to time. The city would be defeated, and the rich people were scrambling to escape from the city to avoid the water.
Su Shi said: If all the rich people leave the city, it will shake the people's hearts. Then who will I defend the city with? As long as I am here, the water will never flood the city. Drive the rich people back to the city.
When Su Shi arrived at the Wuwei Camp, the commander of the soldiers called out: "The river is about to rush into the city. The matter is very urgent. Even the Imperial Army must do their best for me." The commander of the soldiers said: "As long as the governor does not run away, we villains will definitely serve you."
So he led the people out of the city with a shovel, built a long embankment from the southeast, started from the horse stage, and went all the way to the city gate. It rained day and night, but the city did not sink.
Su Shi lived up there, and would not go in when passing by his house. He asked officials to guard various places, and all the soldiers left the city.
5. Translation of classical Chinese
From the "Biography of Su Shi" in "History of the Song Dynasty" Su Shi, courtesy name Zizhan, was from Meishan, Meizhou.
When he was ten years old, his father Su Xun went to study in various places. His mother, Cheng, personally taught him how to read. When he heard about the successes and failures of ancient and modern times, he could often tell the key points. Mrs. Cheng read "The Biography of Fan Pang" in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was very moved. Su Shi asked: "If I become Fan Pang, will my mother agree?" Mrs. Cheng said: "You can be Fan Pang."
I can't Will you be Fan Pang's mother?" By the time he was twenty, he was well versed in classics and history, writing thousands of words every day, and liked the books of Jia Yi and Lu Zhi. Not long after I read "Zhuangzi", I sighed: "I had opinions that I could not express before, but now that I have read this book, they have reached my heart."
In the second year of Jiayou's reign, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites. At that time, there was a serious habit of broken and eccentric articles. The examiner Ouyang Xiu wanted to correct his writing style. He was surprised when he saw Su Shi's "On Honesty in Punishments and Rewards". He thought he would be the first in the Jinshi, but he suspected that it was his disciple Zeng Gong who wrote it. Then he placed it second; he also won the first place in the "Spring and Autumn" classics and meanings question, and passed the second subject in the imperial examination.
Later, Ouyang Xiu met with Ouyang Xiu with a letter of recommendation. Ouyang Xiu said to Mei Shengyu: "I should let this person get ahead." The people who heard it began to be uproar and dissatisfied, and over time they became convinced of this statement.
In mourning for one’s mother. In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign, he was transferred to the position of chief administrator of Fuchang.
Ouyang Xiu recommended him to the Secret Pavilion because of his excellent talents and knowledge. There are six essays on essays for the exam. In the past, people didn’t draft them when preparing for exams, so most of the essays were not well written.
Su Shi began to draft, the text and logic were clear. He also wrote answers and made policies, and was ranked third.
Since the early Song Dynasty, only Wu Yu and Su Shi have been classified as third-level policy makers. He served as a judge in Dali and signed letters as a judge of Fengxiang Mansion.
After the rebellion of Yuan Hao in Guanzhong, the people were poor and the labor force was heavy. Nanshan rafts were transported every year under Qishan Mountain, from the Wei River to the Yellow River. After passing through the dangerous places of the pillars, the Yamen servants went bankrupt one after another. Su Shi investigated the pros and cons and revised the regulations for them, allowing them to choose whether to start the hydraulic work on time or stop it. From then on, the harm was reduced by half.
In the second year of Zhiping, he entered the imperial court and was sentenced to Wenguyuan. Yingzong heard of his reputation when he was the vassal king, and wanted to use the old Tang Dynasty method to summon him to the Hanlin Academy to serve as a magistrate.
Prime Minister Han Qi said: "Su Shi's talents are far-reaching and outstanding, and he will naturally take on great responsibilities in the world in the future. We must cultivate him in the court so that all the scholars in the world will respect him, admire him, and want to be used by the court. Then he was summoned and used, and everyone had no objections.
Now that he was suddenly used, the scholars in the world may not think it was right, but it was enough to implicate him. Yingzong said: "Let's give it to him for the time being." How about practicing daily life notes? Han Qi said: "The living notes and the Zhizhi imperial edict have similar status and cannot be granted immediately." It would be better to grant it to someone higher up in the hierarchy and ask him to be called for an examination. "
Yingzong said: "I don't know whether he is qualified for the exam. Is there anyone like Su Shi who can't do it? "Han Qi still disagreed. After writing two essays, he was listed in the third class and got the post of Zhishi. When Su Shi heard what Han Qi said, he said: "Han Gong can be said to care for others and be virtuous. "
When Su Xun died, the court gave him gold and silk. Su Shi declined and asked to give his father an official position, so he gave it to Guang Lucheng. Su Xun was about to die, because his brother Taibai died early and his descendants had not grown up, so his sister married After she died, she was not buried, so she asked Su Shi to bury her aunt after the mourning period was over. Later, the high official could let her descendants get the shelter and give it to Su Taibai's great-grandson Su Peng. >
In the second year of Xining, Wang Anshi returned to power. He always disliked Su Shi's opinions that were different from his own, so he appointed him as a judge to sue the court.
In the fourth year of Xining, Wang Anshi wanted to change the imperial examination and establish schools. The emperor issued an order to discuss with the officials of Zhizhigao, Shiguan, Zhaowenguan and Jimaiyuan. Su Shi said: The way to find talents is to understand people; the way to understand people is to seek their reality.
If the monarch and the prime minister have the ability to know people, and the court has a realistic policy, then even the small officials and government officials will not be without talents, let alone the schools and imperial examinations. Even if the current methods are used, I think there will be more talents if the monarch and the prime minister are not. The imperial court does not seek truth when it comes to knowing people, and even ministers and ministers often worry about the lack of talents. What about schools and imperial examinations? Even if the ancient system is restored, I think it is still not enough.
As for the times, it is feasible and feasible. It is not feasible. Government affairs may be abolished or prospered at any time. When it is appropriate, even a tyrant cannot abolish it. When it is no longer applicable, even a saint cannot restore it. Therefore, when customs change, the legal system changes accordingly, such as the change of river course, forcing the restoration of the old state. , it will be difficult to achieve success.
Schools were established during the Qingli period, but today they only have empty names. Now we need to change the current etiquette and change the current customs, and we need to mobilize the people to build government offices and recruit people.
Within a radius of a hundred miles, officials and teachers were established, prison matters were tried here, military issues were discussed here, and those who disobeyed education were selected and eliminated. If people are driven to distant places, wouldn't it be in vain to create chaos and make people in the world miserable? As for not making major changes but hoping to benefit the present, how is it different from the Qingli era? So I think today's schools, but can It is enough to follow the old system so that the old system of the previous kings will not be abolished in our generation.
As for the imperial examination method, it has been implemented for a hundred years, but the country's chaos, prosperity and decline are not determined by it at all.
When Your Majesty looked at our ancestors, when were the imperial examination methods more sophisticated than today? Words and articles, when were they better than today? Talent gained, and when was it more than today? When have things in the world been better than they are today? By comparing the pros and cons of these four points, the debate can be resolved. What they want to change now is just a few points: some say that the rural examination selects candidates with emphasis on virtue and neglects writing; some say that they focus on policy and theory without taking the test of poetry; some want to gain fame and avoid the need for sealed examination papers; some want to make candidates who can take the examination Those who skip the examination and write down some scriptures silently and examine the great meaning are those who know one thing but not the other.
Your Majesty, please pay attention to long-term and important things. What does these trivial methods have to do with it. I really have some areas where I worry too much.
Those statements about the destiny of human nature have not been heard since Zigong, but now scholars are ashamed not to talk about the destiny of human nature. Reading their articles is too big to be investigated; look at these A person's appearance is even more superb but has no obvious features to consider. Is this really possible? Most people of average temperament are content with indulgence and enjoy being eccentric. What use does Your Majesty have for this? After the memorial was submitted, Shenzong came to his senses and said: "I originally doubted this matter, but after Su Shi's discussion, the meaning became clear."
He summoned him that day and asked: "The current policies and laws. 6. About Su Shi Some ancient texts in his life, please translate them
In the fourth year of Yuanhu (1089), Su Shi angered the ministers in power (here refers to Wang Anshi) because he expressed different political opinions in memorials many times. p> Su Shi was afraid that he could not be tolerated by those in power, and he was in a dangerous situation, so he asked for a foreign appointment to avoid disaster. He was awarded the bachelor's degree in Longtuge and was able to judge Hangzhou. It is said that the former prime minister Cai Que used the poem Hao Chujun admonished Emperor Gaozong during the Tang Dynasty to allude to Empress Dowager Gao when he was traveling in Anzhou (now Anlu, Hubei).
The ministers proposed to exile Cai Que to Lingnan. Su Shi wrote in a secret report: "If the court sentences Cai Que lightly, it will not be enough to reflect the emperor's virtue of governing the world with filial piety; if the court sentences Cai Que harshly, it will cause a small flaw in the empress dowager's benevolent policy."
Therefore, it is best for the emperor to issue an order to arrest him and put him in prison for punishment, and then the empress dowager comes forward to pardon him with a hand-written edict. This way, kindness and filial piety can benefit from both. " Empress Xuanren liked Su Shi's suggestion but did not adopt it.
When Su Shi left the capital, the imperial court followed the previous practice of treating consuls who left the capital and sent servants to reward Longcha and Yinhe. They gave him a lot of money. A generous reward. 7. Please pray for classical Chinese translation
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