"Peach Blossom Temple Song" Tang Yin was written by Tang Bohu.
Tang Yin information:
Tang Yin (1470-1523), Tang Yin was born in the Yin month of the Gengyin year of the sixth year of Chenghua of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, so he was named Tang Yin and had the courtesy name Bohu. , named Zi Wei, nicknamed Liu Ru Jushi, Taohua Temple Master, etc., from Wuxian County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). Born into a merchant family, his father is Tang Guangde and his mother is Qiu. They have been smart since childhood. When he was more than 20 years old, his family suffered a series of misfortunes. His parents, wife, and sister died one after another, and his family declined. Under the advice of his friend Zhu Yunming, he concentrated on studying. At the age of 29, he participated in the Yingtianfu public examination and won the first place "Jie Yuan". At the age of 30 He went to Beijing to take the exam, but was implicated in a fraud case and was denounced as an official. After that, he decided not to make progress and made a living by selling paintings. In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), he went to Nanchang for more than half a year at the invitation of King Ning Zhu Chenhao. Later, he realized that King Ning had evil intentions, so he pretended to be crazy and escaped and returned. Life was difficult in his later years, and he died of illness at the age of 54. He was cynical but talented. He was good at famous poems and prose. He was known as one of the "Four Talents of Jiangnan" together with Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming, and Xu Zhenqing. He also had more famous paintings, and was known as one of the "Four Wu Clan Schools" together with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, and Qiu Ying.
He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. He studied landscape painting with Zhou Chen in his early years, and later learned from Li Tang and Liu Songnian. The pen and ink are delicate, the layout is clear, and the style is elegant and elegant. The figure paintings are mostly of ladies and historical stories, following the tradition of the Tang Dynasty. They have clear and thin lines, bright and elegant colors, graceful postures and accurate shapes. They are also freehand figures with simple and comprehensive brushwork, which is full of interest. His flower and bird paintings are good at freehand ink painting, free and easy, and elegant in style. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also practiced calligraphy, adopting the method of Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style is unique and handsome. There are "Riding a Donkey Thinking of Returning", "Mountain Road Sound of Pines", "Shi Ming", "Wang Shu Palace Prostitutes", "Li Duanduan's Settlement", "Autumn Wind Fan", "Withered Cha and Birds". Wait for the paintings to be handed down to the world.
Tang Yin was also accomplished in literature. His poems are mostly about travels, paintings, and sentiments. They can express wild and lonely moods, as well as feelings about the harshness of the world. They use slang and colloquialisms in their poems, which are easy to understand and have simple meanings. He is the author of "The Collection of Liuru layman" and the "Complete Works of Liuru layman" compiled by the Qing Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] Tang Yin's life
Tang Yin's ancestral home is Jinchang, which is now the Jincheng area of ??Shanxi Province, so in his calligraphy and painting signatures, he often writes "Jinchang Tang Yin". Character. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Tang family moved south and began to do business in Nanjing and Suzhou. Tang Yin was born into a merchant family in Wu Qili, Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture. Tang Yin had three wives in his life. When he was nineteen, he married Mrs. Xu, who was Xu Tingrui's second daughter. However, he died of illness when he was about twenty-four years old. Later, he may have married another daughter, but he was involved in a scandal in the examination room and lost his life. Later, he married Shen, or Jiuniang. Tang Bohu was talented and intelligent since he was a child. He was familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, and was well-read in history books. At the age of 16, he won the first place in the scholar examination and caused a sensation in the whole Suzhou city. At the age of 29, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination. The first name is Jie Yuan. Just when he was full of ambitions, when he went to Beijing for the examination the next year, he suffered bad luck because he was involved in a fraud case in the examination room.
The general theory of "leaking the exam questions" is that Xu Jing, the son of a wealthy man in Jiangyin, who was traveling with him to take the exam, secretly bribed the examiner's family boy to get the exam questions in advance. The matter was revealed, and Tang Yin was also implicated and imprisoned. The examiners of the Beijing Examination that year were Cheng Minzheng and Li Dongyang. Both of them were well-educated people, and the test questions were so obscure that many candidates could not answer them. There were only two test papers among them, which not only answered the questions appropriately, but also were elegantly written. Cheng Minzheng was so happy that he blurted out: "These two papers must be from Tang Yin and Xu Jing." This sentence was heard and spread by everyone present. Tang Yin and Xu Jing visited Cheng Minzheng many times after arriving in the capital. Especially after he was appointed as the chief examiner, Tang Yin asked him to write a preface to a collection of his poems. This has created doubt in the minds of others. This time I heard Cheng Minzheng say this again in the examination room, which gave people who usually hated him a clue. A group of people started to report to the emperor one after another, saying that Cheng Minzheng had accepted bribes to leak the scandal. If he did not investigate strictly, he would be disgraced by the scholars in the world. Emperor Xiaozong believed it and was very angry. He immediately issued an order not to allow Cheng Minzheng to review the papers. All papers reviewed by Cheng Minzheng were reviewed by Li Dongyang. Cheng Minzheng, Tang Yin and Xu Jing were taken to Dali Temple Prison and sent to special personnel for trial. After Xu Jing was imprisoned, he could not withstand the torture and confessed that he used a piece of gold to bribe Cheng Minzheng's personal entourage and stole the test questions and leaked them to Tang Yin. After a joint trial by the Ministry of Punishment and the Ministry of Personnel, Xu Jing overturned his confession and said that it was a result of torture. The emperor issued an order to "rehabilitate" Cheng Minzheng. After being released from prison, Cheng Minzheng died of carbuncle due to resentment. After Tang Yin was released from prison, he was relegated to Zhejiang as a minor official. Tang Yin was ashamed not to take office. The scroll of "Tongyin Qingmeng Tu", Ming Dynasty, painted by Tang Yin
There are many records about the leak of this exam, and there are different opinions. In fact this is the result of internal struggle within the ruling class. "History of the Ming Dynasty·Cheng Minzheng Biography" says: "It may be said that in Minzheng's prison, Fu Han wanted to seize his position and ordered Chang to report it. The secret cannot be revealed." But there is no doubt that this incident was extremely serious for Tang Yin of. From then on, Tang Yin decided not to pursue an official career. After returning home, he drank to drown his sorrows and traveled to famous mountains and rivers, determined to spend his whole life writing poetry, calligraphy and painting.
In the thirteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1500), Tang Yin left Suzhou and arrived in Zhenjiang by boat. From Zhenjiang to Yangzhou, he visited Slender West Lake, Pingshan Hall and other scenic spots. Then we took a boat along the Yangtze River through Wuhu and Jiujiang to Lushan. The majestic and spectacular scenery of Lushan Mountain left a deep impression on Tang Yin. It was fully reflected in his later paintings. He took a boat up the river to Huangzhou and saw the ruins of the Battle of Chibi.
Tang Yin's "Red Cliff Picture" was painted based on this. Then he traveled south to Hunan, climbed Yueyang Tower, and visited Dongting Lake. Then go south and climb Nanyue Hengshan Mountain. Then enter Fujian and roam around the famous mountains in Wuyi and Jiuli Lake in Xianyou County. Tang Yin transferred from Fujian to Zhejiang, visited Yandang Mountain and Tiantai Mountain, crossed the sea to Putuo, then went up the Fuchun River and Xin'an River, arrived in Anhui, and went up to Huangshan and Jiuhua Mountains. At this time, Tang Yin's pocket was exhausted and he had to return to Suzhou. Tang Yin's grand journey of thousands of miles lasted for more than nine months and visited famous mountains and rivers, which added a lot of material for his later paintings.
When he returned to Suzhou, his family was very poor and his wife made a lot of noise and finally left him. He lived in a small building facing the street at the entrance of Wuchifang Lane, where he entertained himself with paintings and made a living by selling literary paintings. He wrote in a poem: "If you don't refine elixirs, you won't meditate. If you don't work for merchants, you won't plow the fields. When you're free, you can write pictures and sell them. You don't make money by making sins in the world." This shows that he is indifferent to fame and fortune and specializes in free reading and selling paintings. Career aspirations. "Looking at the Spring and Listening to the Wind" Volume, Ming Dynasty, by Tang Yin
When Tang Yin was thirty-six years old, he chose Taohuawu in the north of the city and built an elegant and leisurely home to live his pure and wild life. Taohuawu was originally the villa of Zhangzhuang Jian of the Song Dynasty, but after the vicissitudes of life, it had long since become a ruin. However, the scenery here is pleasant and the environment is very quiet. A clear stream meanders through, a few wild peach and willow trees beside the stream, and a hill of soil, which makes it feel like a mountain. The next year, Tang Yin used the money from selling paintings to build Taohuawu Villa. Although there are only a few thatched huts, there are elegant plaques hanging under the eaves with the names of the rooms such as "Xue Pu Tang", "Meng Mo Pavilion" and "Xiaodie Zhai". Tang Yin loved peach blossoms all his life. He named his villa "Peach Blossom Temple" and called himself "The Master of Peach Blossom Temple". He also wrote "Song of Peach Blossom Temple": "The Peach Blossom Immortal planted peach trees and picked peach blossoms in exchange for wine money. When he was sober, he would only sit in front of the flowers. When he was drunk, he would sit in front of the flowers. Come and sleep under the flowers. Day after day, half drunk and half awake, the flowers fall and bloom year after year..." In the spring, the flowers bloomed in the garden. He invited Shen Zhou, Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming and others to come here to drink and write poems. Paint and leave happily. . "Drinking from it every day, you will drink it when guests come, and don't ask when they go. If you are drunk, you will fall asleep." (Zhu Yunming's Epitaph of Tang Ziwei) At this time, Tang Yin lived a leisurely and detached life.
In the ninth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1514), he was recruited to Nanchang by King Ning of the Ming Dynasty with a large sum of money. Later, he found out that he was involved in King Ning's political conspiracy, so he pretended to be crazy and escaped and returned to his hometown. Later, King Ning launched an army. The rebel court was put down, and Tang Yin fortunately escaped the murderous disaster, but it also caused a lot of trouble. From then on, his thoughts gradually became depressed, and he turned to Buddhism and called himself "Liu Ru layman". "Liu Ru" was taken from the Diamond Sutra: "All potential dharmas are like bubbles in a dream, like dew or lightning, and should be viewed as such." The seal of the autonomous party is "Fleeing Zen Immortal Official".
After returning home from Nanchang, he was sick all year round and could not paint often. In addition, he did not know how to run a household, which made life difficult. He often even relied on borrowing money from his friends Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhengming to survive. During this period, the famous calligrapher Wang Chong often came to help him and married Tang Yin's only daughter as his daughter-in-law, which became the happiest thing in Tang Yin's later years.
In the second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1523), at the age of 54, his health condition became even worse. In the autumn of this year, he went to Wang's house in Dongshan at the invitation of a friend. But seeing that there were two sentences in Su Dongpo's original works: "Half a hundred years of strength, there will be no more suffering in the future", which just touched Tang Yin's state of mind. He felt sad. After saying goodbye and going home, he was bedridden from then on, and his miserable life soon ended. After his death, he was buried in Taohuawu North. In the 26th year of Jiajing's reign, the burial was moved to Wangjia Village, Hengtang Town. After his death, his relatives and friends Wang Chong, Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming and others pooled money to arrange the funeral arrangements. Zhu Yunming wrote an epitaph of more than a thousand words, which was handwritten by Wang Chong and engraved on the stone tablet. Most of the life stories about Tang Yin in later generations can be obtained from this epitaph. Volume "Zi Shu Ci", Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin Shu
Tang Yin had a bumpy official career and a miserable life in his later years, so that his poems were almost scattered after his death. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, He Junli, a bookseller in Changshu, admired Tang Bohu's poetry and conduct, and spent a lot of money to collect pieces of paper and words to collect and organize poems and chapters for him. After reviewing and publishing nearly a hundred poems and essays written by Tang Yin during his lifetime, Tang Yin had the first relatively complete collection of poems and essays handed down to the world, and the paper was expensive in Luoyang for a while. Later, he became a famous publishing bibliophile in Jiangnan. Mao Jin, a bookseller in Changshu, also respected Tang Yin's talents and personality very much. When he compiled "Chronicles of Ming Poems" and "Haiyu Ancient and Modern Literature Garden", he specially included Tang Yin's poems and anecdotes during his lifetime in detail, which enriched and improved the content of Tang Bohu's poems. Vivid cultural materials have been accumulated for future generations.
Mao Jin later independently took on the important task of rebuilding Tang Yin's tomb. According to "Suzhou Prefecture Chronicles", on the 16th day of March in Jiashen, Chongzhen, Mao Jin and the scholars from the same county went to Wangjia Village in Hengtang, Gusu during a spring outing. They saw the tomb of Tang Yin, a talented man of a generation, barren with thorns and thorns, and the cattle and sheep had been exiled from the cemetery. A heart of compassion. He asked nearby farmers and found out that after Tang Yin's death, only one of his descendants, a grandnephew and a widow, was financially strapped and trapped in the city, resulting in a lack of sacrifices for Tang Yin in the four seasons. Mao Jin lamented sadly: "It's a friend's crime. Everyone who has read Bohu's works for thousands of years has been his friend. Why should they be separated from each other?" So Mao Jin generously donated money, rebuilt the tomb seal, erected a stele, and selected a site. Three ancestral halls were built next to the tomb. Lei Qijian, a local official in Suzhou, personally wrote the inscription "Rebuilding the Tomb of Jieyuan of the Tang Dynasty", "More stones will be laid to preserve the memory of those who are willing to pass through the ages."
Taohuawu Information
Taohuawu, now Suzhou City Taohuawu Street and its surrounding areas. Du Xunhe, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem "Peach Blossom River", and Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty's poem "Changmen Fancha" has the sentence "Taowu discusses the present and past". It can be seen that the name Taohuawu has a long history. Xu Dazhuo, who lived in Qingyuan Lane of Taohuawu in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, described the scope of Taohuawu in detail in "Ember Records": "Enter the Changmen River to the east, follow Nengren Temple and Zhangjia River to the north, and cross Shishi. Tangqiao leads out of Qimen and was called Taohua River in ancient times.
To the northwest of Hexi Province, there is Taowu land, which is vast and encompasses the entire Dayun Township. "
Taohuawu has seen many ups and downs in history. It was originally a land of mulberry farming. During the Xining period of the Song Dynasty, Mei Xuanyi built a terrace garden and Liudi Huawu here. The scenery was completely new, and it was called " "Five Mu Garden", also known as "Plum Garden". During the Shaosheng period, Privy Council Zhang Kai built the "Taohuawu Villa" in the south of the Five Mu Garden, covering an area of ??700 acres. On this basis, the Zhang family's children expanded the ponds and built A manor-style garden, known as "Zhang Garden", "Wumen Biaoyin" praised it as "the most outstanding garden house of its time". The Mei and Zhang families were family friends. Mei Cainan, the son of Mei Xuanyi, and Zhang Yonghua, the son of Zhang Kai. Following the allusion of the winding water cup, the ponds in the two gardens were connected and a double fish release pond was built. One end connected to the "Double Lotus Pond" in the Plum Garden and the other to the "Thousand-foot Pond" in the Zhang Garden. At that time, many people from the county came here to enjoy the flowers. It was prosperous.
After the rebellion in the late Song Dynasty, Meiyuan and Zhangyuan were in ruins. After the Yuan Dynasty, Taohuawu was repeatedly built. The Taohuawu villa was named "Taohua Temple" and several acres of peach trees were planted around it. Tang Yin also called himself "The Master of Taohua Temple". In the early years of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the famous doctor Shen Mingsheng purchased this land and rebuilt "Taohua Temple" and other buildings. The building was built as a memorial, and was known as "Tangjiayuan" or "Shen Taiwengyuan" during the Qianlong period. During the Qianlong period, it was renamed Baohua Temple, and during the Guangxu period it was renamed Wenchang Pavilion.
It is still in Taohua Temple. Wu, during the Qi Dynasty of Ming Dynasty, Yang Dakong built "Zhunti Temple" to worship Zhunti Buddha. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Tang Zhongmian, the magistrate of Wuxian County, built the "Tang Jieyuan Temple" on the east side of Zhunti Temple as a member of the Tangyin ethnic group, with the name "Peach Blossom Fairy Pavilion". ", in honor of Mr. Tang Yin, Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhengming.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the patriotic gentry Fei Zhongshen purchased a corner of Tang Yin's former residence and built "Gui Mu'an". In 1925, his son Fei Gong and Yuan Huiquan, the granddaughter of Yuan Shikai, got married here.
As for Wumu Garden, Ye Changchi rebuilt the garden pavilion in the late Qing Dynasty. The name of the building was mostly the old one of Wumu Garden, and it was called "Ye's Garden". It was later purchased by Xie Jiafu and built. "Wangchui Tower".
In addition to the former gardens and gentry halls, since the Qing Dynasty, Taohuawu has been lined with private houses and merchant workshops, the most prosperous of which is the Taiping Rebellion New Year Painting Workshop. After the Shantang Street New Year Painting Workshop was burned down, Taohuawu New Year Paintings was the only New Year painting production in Suzhou. Hence the name "Taohuawu New Year Paintings" and became one of the most famous New Year painting varieties in China.
Outside the city of Suzhou. Taohuawu is also deeply imprinted in my mind because of the song "Peach Blossom Temple Song" written by Tang Yin: "In Taohuawu, there is a Peach Blossom Temple, and under the Peach Blossom Temple, there is a peach blossom fairy."
The Peach Blossom Fairy planted peach trees and picked peach flowers in exchange for wine money.
When you are sober, you just sit in front of the flowers; when you are drunk, you come to sleep under the flowers.
Half drunk and half awake day after day, flowers fall and bloom year after year.
I hope that I will die of old age among the flowers and wine, and I don’t want to bow in front of the carriage.
The chariot, dust, and horse are enough to reveal things, and the wine-cup branches are destined to be a hermit.
If we compare the manifest ones to the hermits, one is on the ground and the other is in the sky.
If flowers and wine are compared to chariots and horses, how busy they are and how idle I am.
Others laugh at me for being crazy, but I laugh at others because they can’t see through it.
There are no tombs of heroes from the Five Tombs, and there are no flowers, no wine, and hoeing in the fields.
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