What is perceptual knowledge and what is rational knowledge?

Perceptual knowledge, intuitive image understanding, sensory organs "sensibility" can be roughly summarized as the process of completing intuitive activities through sensory experience, without obvious rational thinking, not a thoughtful process, that is, giving subjective (integrated with personal feelings) judgments made by intuitive experience. There is no denying the blindness of sensibility, and there is also an intuitive component in sensibility. Intuition is not an impulse, but a subconscious reasoning. Habit and experience compress the reasoning process below the threshold that consciousness can perceive. The inspiration of art is this perceptual intuition. There is no fixed logical norm, which is a feeling that can only be understood but not expressed.

Rational cognition is the advanced stage and form of cognitive process, and it is people's understanding of the essence and internal relations of things with abstract thinking. Rational cognition is characterized by abstraction, indirectness and universality, and takes the essence and law of things as the object and content. Rational knowledge includes three forms: ① Concept. The thinking form that reflects the essential attributes of things is the logical element that constitutes the core of the scientific system. 2 judgment. The thinking form that reflects the relationship between things is the thinking form that judges the state and nature of things. 3 reasoning. The process of deducing an unknown thinking form from the known is the process of analyzing and synthesizing some judgments and then deducing new judgments. It reflects the internal relationship and development trend between things. Concept, judgment and reasoning are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Rational understanding reflects the general characteristics and universal essence of things. Perceptual knowledge is the basis and premise of rational knowledge. The dependence of rational knowledge on perceptual knowledge is the continuation and embodiment of the dependence of knowledge on practice in the process of cognitive development.

Rational knowledge is relative to perceptual knowledge. It refers to the understanding that belongs to the stage of concept, judgment and reasoning, and it is a reflection of the essence, totality and internal relations of objective things on the basis of practice. Rational cognition is the advanced stage of cognition, which develops from perceptual cognition and shows a series of processes of abstraction, generalization, analysis and synthesis. On the basis of accumulating a lot of perceptual knowledge of objective things in practice, people grasp the essential attributes of things, that is, extract the essence, integrity and internal relations of things, and mark them with certain material shell words, thus producing concepts. Concept is a form of thinking that reflects the essential attributes of an object and a "cell" of thinking. Its appearance is a leap in the process of cognition. Judgment is an extended concept, and it is a form of thinking to make positive and negative judgments on the internal relations of things. Reasoning is a form of thinking that deduces new judgments from known judgments. It can reflect the inevitable trend of things. Therefore, concept, judgment and reasoning are the three basic forms of rational knowledge. Rational knowledge is characterized by abstraction, generalization and indirect reflection of objective things.