I. Teaching requirements
1. Understand Bai Juyi's life and poetry creation characteristics.
2. Understand the skills of Song of Eternal Sorrow and its great influence in the history of literature.
3. A brief analysis of the profound historical lessons of Li and Yang's love tragedy.
Second, the main points of learning
1. Key words to solve the problem
What is the song "Song of Eternal Sorrow"? Long hate? . ? Long hate? It is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story, and a touching seed buried in the poem. And then what? Hate it? What? Why? Long hate? The poet does not directly describe and express, but through his poetic stories, he shows them to readers layer by layer, so that people can feel for themselves.
2. Content tips
This is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi based on the love tragedy between Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Fei, which is in harmony with Chen Hong's legendary novel Song of Eternal Sorrow and has its own characteristics.
Poetry is divided into four levels: (1) Yang Fei entered the palace, was loved by people, and became fascinated by his ancestors in the Ming Dynasty; (2) Where should Ma Su go? Those who are heartbroken in Shu; (3) They were all moved by the scene and went back to the palace to miss each other; (4) Find Yang Fei in Xianshan, and send a message from afar.
This poem not only eulogizes the sincere love between Li and Yang, but also allegorizes the confusion and misunderstanding of Ming Chengzu to the country. Narrative twists and turns, lyrical and sentimental, empathy into the scene, scene blending, setting off the atmosphere and depicting psychology are outstanding narrative poems in ancient times. The whole poem has beautiful language and harmonious tone, which is suitable for repeated recitation.
Third, the author's life.
Bai Juyi (772? 846), the word Letian,no. Xiangshan layman, is now from Weinan, Shaanxi. Advocating new Yuefu, his works include satirical poems, leisurely poems and sentimental poems. His style is simple and natural, simple and fluent. Most of his works are included in Bai's "Changqing Collection".
Bai Juyi was born in an official family. His great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather and father were all court officials. He was clever since he was a child, and he learned to write poetry at the age of five or six. At the age of nine, he was able to distinguish between sound and rhyme. He studied very hard. When was he born? Mid-Tang? During this period, the once centralized, unified and powerful Tang Empire has gradually declined.
Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in Henan. He has taken refuge from home since he was a child, and he is rushing around to prepare for hardship. So when he was 15 years old, he wrote a quatrain that recorded his true feelings at that time:? What do you want from your hometown? Li Yu in Wushan Bay, Chushui. Today, because you went to see your brother, I cried for several lines in a book. ? I also wrote a seven-law for my brothers and sisters: My fields and gardens were destroyed by the war, and my own flesh and blood became the scum of the street? * * * Looking at the bright moon and crying, for the heart, five places, all sick and willing. ? These poems describe Bai Juyi's living conditions and psychological feelings at that time, and also reflect the social unrest and people's displacement at that time.
In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), 29-year-old Bai Juyi met Yuan Zhen with the fourth and first place in the Jinshi and became close friends. They are called by later generations? Bai Yuan? . At the age of 32, he entered the official career and was awarded the school book lang. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), he paid homage to Zuo. Because he offended Li Jifu, the then prime minister, Bai Juyi was unfortunately caught in the whirlpool of political struggle. Bai Juyi was always pushed out by Li Deyu in the decades-long struggle between Niu and Li, which determined that his life's official career was not smooth. During his ear-picking, he did his duty and repeatedly dissatisfied the emperor or the powerful minister. Later, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In order to avoid suspicion and eliminate disasters, Bai Juyi entertained himself with prostitutes' music, poems and wine, and began to believe in Buddhism and seek spiritual sustenance. Although he was passive, raising prostitutes, drinking and believing in Buddhism, he still made great achievements. The most commendable thing is that when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou, he built Hangzhou Lake embankment to store water and irrigate the fields. In memory of him, people named this lake the riverbank? Bai Causeway? .
Judging from Bai Juyi's official career, although he is mostly an official, he is always in a state of anxiety and anger. But as a poet, his achievements are enormous. Later generations called him, Li Bai and Du Fu the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty.
Fourth, the author's works
1. Engineering overview
What is Bai Juyi's early political thought? Help the world? Mainly wrote a lot of political allegories. But after he was demoted to Jiangzhou, his thoughts changed greatly. Help the world? Turn to independence. In literary creation, Bai Juyi's most outstanding contribution is to advocate the new Yuefu movement in theory and practice. He places special emphasis on poetry? Beautiful thorns? Role, propose? Articles combine the times, poems combine things? Poetry should move people with emotion, and poetry language should be? Although his words are light, they are direct and to the point? Wait for a series of views. There are nearly 3,000 of his poems, such as Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa.
2. Key projects
Pipa tour
Pipa Trip was written in the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16). Bai Juyi was forty-five years old and was appointed as Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi was first left to collect the remains ten years ago, and then he was left to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, the forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to stab Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Pei Du at the head of Chang 'an Avenue, which caused great controversy in the ruling and opposition parties. A spokesman for the North Korean buffer zone forces further demanded that Pei Du be cleared to protect the buffer zone? Tails? Heart. At this time, Bai Juyi stepped forward and insisted on recruiting thieves, thinking that otherwise the country would not be a country. Bai Juyi's idea is right, but because he always writes allegorical poems and offends many powerful people in the imperial court, some people say that he is a humble official and oversteps his authority. Plus someone accused him of being Luo Zhi, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Jiangzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Sima is an assistant to the secretariat, which sounds good, but in fact this position was specially put in the middle Tang Dynasty? Crime? Officials are sent to a place in disguise for supervision and care. This incident had a great influence on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological transformation. Since then, his early fighting spirit has gradually worn away and his negative emotions have increased.
Pipa Travel was written in the second year of his relegation to Jiangzhou. By describing the pipa girl's superb acting skills and bleak life experience, the work expresses the author's personal frustration and sadness at her political blow and relegation. Here, the poet regards a prostitute as his confidante, sharing her distress, writing about herself, crying about herself, the ups and downs of her career and the sadness of her life, which makes his works have unusual appeal.
The writing background of verb (abbreviation of verb)
This poem was written in the first year of Yuanhe (806). At that time, the poet was serving as a county magistrate in yi county (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). In Song of Eternal Sorrow, Chen Hong explained the background of Bai Juyi's poem: this winter, Bai Juyi visited Xianyou Temple with Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and told a long-standing story about the joys and sorrows of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, which made everyone cry. Wang Zhifu came to Bai Juyi with a glass of wine and said: If there is no outstanding person to record and polish this outstanding thing, it will disappear with the passage of time and disappear from the world. You know how to write poetry. You are full of emotion. How about you try to write a poem for this story? Bai Juyi wrote Song of Eternal Sorrow. His intention is not only to have feelings for historical events, but also to punish those who disturb state affairs and let future rulers take a warning.
Sixth, the text explanation
1. Read the text aloud.
2. Text analysis
? The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it. ?
The emperor of the Han family valued the beauty of the whole country and wanted to find a peerless beauty. Unfortunately, I haven't found it for many years.
Open the first sentence of the poetry collection:? The emperor of China longed to shake the beauty of an empire? It seems very common, as if the story should be written from here, and it doesn't need the author's attention. In fact, these seven words are extremely rich, which is the whole program, which not only reveals the tragic factors of the story, but also evokes and directs the whole poem.
? Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her. ? When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire. ?
There is a girl in the Yang family who has just grown up and kept in a boudoir. No one has seen her face. The inherent beauty was hard to bury, and she was finally elected as the emperor. She turned around and smiled, showing all kinds of charm at the same time. The pink, white and green of the sixth house are suddenly eclipsed. In the cold spring, the emperor bathed her in Huaqing Pool, and the warm spring water washed her white and delicate skin. The maid helped her out of the bath. She was lazy and weak. It was at this time that she thanked her for the first time. Flower-like appearance, cloud-like sideburns, golden steps shaking on the head. Beautiful spring night, just too short! The emperor hasn't opened his eyes yet, and the sun has risen very high, so he never goes to the morning again. Chasing happiness and serving banquets, she always revolves around the emperor. After the spring outing, it is spring, and the night is her exclusive. There are three thousand beautiful women in the harem, and the emperor concentrates all his love on himself. At night in the palace, she dressed up to serve the holy king. In spring, she went to Lou Yu for dinner and got drunk. Her elder sister and elder brother have been enfeoffed, which is really enviable. All the doors in the house are open. So parents all over the world think it's better to have a girl than a boy.
On the next level, the poet described in extremely frugal language how Xuanzong emphasized color and sought color before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got what he wanted. If she just turned her head and smiled, a hundred spells would have been cast, and the powder and paint in the sixth house would have gone up in smoke? Yang guifei Described the beauty and charm of Yang Guifei who was favored by her after she entered the palace, not just herself? New Cheng Enze? And then what? Sisters and brothers are all from Tully? . Repeatedly rendering how Xuanzong indulged himself in the palace, how to have fun, and how to indulge in singing, dancing and drinking all day.
? ... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes. Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes will never stare at her. Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes. ?
The Summer Palace is high in the sky. Yue Xian floats in the palace and can be heard all over the world. The ladies-in-waiting danced slowly, played the piano slowly and played the flute slowly. The emperor can't get enough of it all day. Who knows that the drums of Yu Yang's rebellion will knock the earth-shattering, and the colorful feathers will be shocked!
All this led to the Anshi Rebellion. This part is written? Long hate? Internal factors are the basis of tragic stories. Through the realism of this court life, the poet ironically introduced the hero and heroine of the story to us: an emperor who valued the country and despised the people, and a charming and pampered concubine; This also vividly implies that the misunderstanding of Tang Xuanzong is the root of this tragedy.
? The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses. ? The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. ?
Smoke billowed in the imperial palace, and the son of heaven fled to the southwest with his chariots and horses brigade. The flag of the son of heaven fluttered, walked and stopped, and only walked a hundred miles. What shall we do if the Sixth Army refuses to advance? The beautiful Yang Guifei died in front of the emperor's horseshoe. Her buds were thrown on the ground and nobody picked them up, as well as the emerald on her head, her goldfinch and her bald head. The emperor hid his face and could not save him. Looking back, tears and blood flowed down together.
In this section, the poet specifically describes the scene that the emperor's military forces fled to the southwest after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in this turmoil. ? People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths. The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird. The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, what was the land of blood and tears? It's about their scene in Where are you going, Maweipo. ? The sixth army won't send it? Asking for the execution of Yang Guifei is anger that Tang Xuanzong was infatuated with women and brought disaster to the country and people. The death of Yang Guifei is a key plot in the whole story. After that, their love turned into a tragedy.
? Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack in the path of the dagger tower. ? He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest. ?
Translation: The plank road is inserted into the clouds, winding up the Jiange, and the wind blowing yellow dust is particularly bleak. There are not many pedestrians on Emei road, and the emperor's flag has lost its luster. The sunshine is so weak. The river in Shuhe is so green, and the mountain in Shuhe is so green. The emperor misses his beloved day and night, and his feelings are hard to break off. Seeing the moonlight leaving the palace is sad, and listening to the rain at night is also heartbroken.
In this section, I wrote about the feelings of Tang Xuanzong after Yang Guifei's death. The poet caught the heart of the characters' spiritual world? Hate it? I described and described the loneliness and sadness of Xuanzong in Shu after Yang Guifei's death in a sour and touching style.
? When I returned to Yulong this day, the emperor clung to it and refused to leave. ? The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream. ?
Finally one day, I returned to Beijing and came here again-it was hard to leave. There is no trace in the soil under the Mawei slope, and the place where the beauty died in vain can no longer be found. Face to face, the monarch and the minister shed tears on their skirts, looked east, and believed that the horse returned to Beijing by reins. Come back and see the palace garden. The hibiscus in Taiye Pool and the willows in Weiyang Palace are still charming. Hibiscus flowers are more like her face, and willow leaves are more like her eyebrows. How can people not cry under such circumstances? When the spring breeze blows peach blossoms and plum blossoms, when the autumn rain knocks on the plane leaves (all immersed in acacia)! The grass in Taiji Palace and Xingqing Palace has grown so deep that no one has pulled it up, and no one has swept the fallen leaves all over the floor. The disciples of the Liyuan in those days have all given birth to white hair now. Female officials and maids are also getting old. At night, fireflies flew over the palace, and the emperor quietly remembered. It's hard to fall asleep when you pick up the lonely lamp at night. The bells and drums in the palace rang slowly. The night is so long, look at the Milky Way still shining in the sky. The frost is so heavy, the Yuanyang tile above the house is so cold, and the jade is also cold. Who can unite? You're dead, I'm still alive. It has been many years since I left, and I have never seen your soul enter my dream.
This Duan Yiran is the deep-rooted yearning of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty for Yang Guifei. This? Hate it? After many years, it can be said that it is long. On the way back to Beijing, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty looked back. After returning to the palace, I saw things and thought about people. Throughout the year, things have changed, and he is deeply touched. The lingering lovesickness is heartbreaking. It is precisely because the poet exaggerates the feelings of the characters to such an extent that the arrival of Taoist priests and the appearance of fairyland behind them give people a sense of reality and will not think that they are purely castles in the air.
? There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration. ? The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever. ?
There is a well-trained Taoist priest in Lin Qiong, Beijing, who can sincerely attract the dead. He was moved by the emperor's deep nostalgia, so he sent an alchemist to look for Yang Guifei diligently. An alchemist resists the exhaustion of clouds, flies like lightning, and looks everywhere in the sky and underground. After nine days, I went to visit the grave again, but I didn't see her. Suddenly I heard that there is a fairy mountain on the sea, in nothingness. Fairy Mountain Pavilion is exquisitely carved, like colorful clouds, and there are many graceful fairies in it. One of them is too real, with snow-like skin and fancy appearance, which sounds like the person he is looking for. When the alchemist arrived at the Fairy Palace, he knocked on the door of the West Chamber, and it was Xiangu Xiaoyu and Shuangcheng who reported the news. When she heard that the emperor of the Han family sent envoys, she couldn't help but wake up from Jiuhuazhang's dream. Push the pillow away, get dressed and get out of bed. The screen and bead curtain are opened in turn. I saw that she just woke up, half cocked her head and went down the hall before the corolla was adjusted. The wind made her fairy dress fluttering and dancing, just like her dress and feather dance. Jade capacity is lonely, tears are pouring down, and pear blossoms bring rain. She stared excitedly and thanked the king: because it is difficult to meet where you are going, there is no news. The love in Zhaoyang Temple has been cut off since then, and the sun and moon in Penglai Palace are so long! Overlooking the world, you can only see clouds, but you can't see Chang 'an. I can only express my affection with old things and bring back two things, a gold hairpin and a box. The gold hairpin keeps one copy, the cymbal box keeps one copy, and we share it equally. As long as our hearts are as strong as gold and silver, we can always meet each other, although we are far away from heaven and earth! There's one more important thing before I leave. Only he and I know this oath. On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, in the middle of the night, none of us whispered: In the sky, we hope to be a pair of birds forever, and on the ground, we hope to be a branch forever. One day it will come to an end forever, and this hatred will last forever and never die.
This passage is a Taoist priest who helped Tang Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. Poets use romantic methods, from heaven to earth. Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but in these two places, he couldn't find the one he was looking for? . Later, I found Yang Guifei on the illusory fairy mountain at sea and asked her? Tears rolled down her sad and pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers? The image of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty reappears in a fairyland, deeply greets the envoys of the Korean family, sends a message as a token, reiterates the previous oath, and further deepens and exaggerates her thoughts of taking care of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty? Long hate? The theme of.
Teaching plan of Song of Eternal Sorrow, an elective textbook of classical poetry
Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" teaching design II teaching objectives;
On the Theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow
Teaching focus:
On the Theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow
Teaching difficulties:
Understand the author's feelings for the protagonists Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei.
Teaching steps:
First, learning unit tips, clear the teaching focus of this unit
The teaching focus of this unit is to understand the theme of the work and the emotion contained in it.
Second, the method of clearly understanding the theme of the work
Analyze the topic, the meaning of words, grasp the key words, clarify the thinking of the article, write the background, know people and discuss the world, etc.
Third, listen to the tape and read aloud to solve the literal meaning of words and sounds (students listen to the tape and ask questions)
Fourth, discuss the main idea of the article
(A) analysis of the ideas of the article
Part one:? The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it. ? Where to? Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes will never stare at her. ? Describe the meeting between Li and Yang and Li's attachment to Yang.
Part two:? Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes. ? Where to? The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. ? The death of Yang Nv
The third part:? Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack in the path of the dagger tower. ? Where to? The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream. The emperor's long-term hatred
Part four:? There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration. ? Where to? We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one, grow on the earth, two branches of a tree ... Yang nvchang hates
Part V:? The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever. Point out the topic and respond to the beginning.
(2) Question asking:
1, everlasting regret? Hate it? What do you mean? What caused their long-term hatred?
2. How does the author feel about the protagonist? What kind of characters have poetry shaped? Is Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty a bad king in the wrong country or an infatuated man who loves Yang's daughter deeply? Is Yang a beautiful woman who brings disaster to the country and the people or an infatuated woman who is loyal to love?
(3) Contact the creative background and other poems of the author.
1, creative background:
In Song of Eternal Sorrow, Chen Hong explained the background of Bai Juyi's poem: this winter, Bai Juyi visited Xianyou Temple with Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and told a long-standing story about the joys and sorrows of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, which made everyone cry. Wang Zhifu came to Bai Juyi with a glass of wine and said: If there is no outstanding person to record and polish this outstanding thing, it will disappear with the passage of time and disappear from the world. You know how to write poetry. You are full of emotion. How about you try to write a poem for this story? Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow is integrated with Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow. Lotte, because of the everlasting regret, not only feels this, but also wants to punish the stunner, smothering chaos and hanging on the future. ? This sentence clearly expresses the creative guiding ideology of Song of Eternal Sorrow.
2. Bai Juyi's other works are critical of Yang Guifei and regard her as a sinner who brings disaster to the country and people. As Yuan He wrote in Hu for four years:
Tianbao season will change, and everyone will learn to turn around. Some of them are in Lu Zhenwei, and the two of them are good at fooling around. The books in the pear garden are princesses and the golden roosters are children. Lushan Hu Xuan fascinated your eyes, and the soldiers undoubtedly crossed the Yellow River. Princess Hu Xuangui has confused your heart, and she abandoned Ma Wei deeper. Since then, the earth's axis has turned day by day, and it has been uncontrollable for 50 years.
The ancient burial fox said:
? Flattery is harmful to women and will drown people's hearts for a long time. What's more, the color of praise is good at confusing people and can ruin people's lives.
Li Furen and cloud:
Sadness is not unique to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Has it been like this since ancient times? There are no tears in Tailing, and Ma Wei is reading Yang Fei on the road. Even if today's beauty turns to dust, this hatred will last for a long time. Life is confusing, death is confusing, and the stunner is confusing and unforgettable.
How can you sympathize with and praise Yang Guifei with such an attitude?
3. Bai Juyi's creative thought: Bai Juyi was the main advocate of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. Articles combine the times, and poems combine things. ? And put this idea into his own poetry creation practice. His early political poems widely and profoundly reflected the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the people's suffering. The wording is sharp and the theme is clear. His representative works "Ten Poems of Qin Zhongyin" and "Fifty Poems of New Yuefu" have great influence.
(4) Summary of main ideas:
By describing the love tragedy of Tang and Yang Guifei, the author satirizes and exposes their dissolute lives.
Some people disagree with this statement. They think the theme of this poem is to praise Li Yang's sincere and single-minded love. Others think that the description of Li Yang's love tragedy in Song of Eternal Sorrow is both ironic and critical. You agree with that statement, please explain the reason.
6. Homework: Try to analyze the theme of the two songs "Book Rage" and "Shuxiang".
Exercise:
First, basic accumulation
1, pinyin the following words.
Looking back, dancing drums and riding thousands of times, the clouds stand between the clouds, the horses are in the pool, the mountains are cold and the jade is graceful.
Figure 2
The leisure of spring night is slim.
Explain the meaning of the following words
Affectionate Tang Emperor seeks a unique beauty.
All the powder girls in the sixth house suddenly became dim.
Because she illuminates and glorifies her family.
What he is looking for is a face with snow and flowers like her.
Step 4 fill in the blanks
(1) "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is a lyric poem, and its author was created by the love story he felt when he and his friends visited Xianyou Temple.
2 from? There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest of heaven? At the end of the poem, it is written that Taoist priests helped Tang Xuanzong find Yang Guifei, and this part used skills.
5. Dictation of famous sentences
We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..
The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.
If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.
Tears fell from her sad pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.
Second, understanding and inquiry
1, try to analyze it? The emperor of China longed to shake the beauty of an empire? The function of sentences in the text.
2. In The Song of Eternal Sorrow? Hate it? What do you mean, what is the root of their long-standing hatred?