The Original Text, Translation and Appreciation of Jinse
Jinse [Tang] Li Shangyin
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.
Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.
A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
Interpretation of poetry
Why does Jinse have fifty strings? Every string and column reminds me of my youth. Zhuang Zhou once dreamed that he had become a butterfly, and his homesickness was entrusted to the crying cuckoo. The tears of Haiyue turned into pearls, and the beautiful jade in Lantian seemed to produce hazy smoke in warm days. These feelings can still be recalled today, but at that time they made people feel melancholy and confused.
words explanation
Jinse: It is said that Guser has fifty strings.
Lantian: The mountain name, in today's Shaanxi, produces beautiful jade.
Sentence solution
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.
"Jinse" refers to a musical instrument with exquisite decoration and gorgeous patterns. The poet's description of "brocade" may be as gorgeous as the poet's usual use of "lyre" to refer to the piano. "For no reason" means for no reason, for no reason. "Fifty Strings" and "Historical Records of Zen Forest" recorded that "Taidi made Motome play fifty strings". Twenty-five strings are common in later generations. In Li Shangyin's poems, "Fifty Strings" is a common spoken language for writing poems, such as "Fifty Strings of the Middle Way" and "Fifty Strings of Xiangling". "Fifty" refers to the ancient system, or implies many meanings. There are so many strings in the harp, but the poet has to complain: Jinse, why do you have so many strings for no reason! This is the poet's "idiotic dream", which seems unreasonable, but expresses an unspoken emotion. Every string and paragraph reminds people of a wonderful time.
At the end of the instrument, each string is supported by a columnar object, which can be moved to adjust the tone of the strings. This columnar object is called a "column". "One string and one column" refers to a section of a sound, which refers to every sound. Playing a harp with dozens of strings is bound to sound complicated, and such a melody is always easy to make the listener emotional. The poet can't help but sigh: every string and every poem reminds people of a wonderful time. Perhaps it is because of this sound that the poet can't hold back his thoughts and complains that it has too many strings. From here, we can see that the poet uses many strings to write his feelings. Whether it is the beautiful years that have passed away or the joys and sorrows of a lifetime, the poet's feelings are too much and too deep, and music is only an inducement.
Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.
These two sentences mean that the poet's heart is like Zhuangzi, confused by the butterfly's dream; It's also like looking at the monarch cuckoo, with longing and sorrow for love.
The first sentence of this couplet uses the allusions in Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything. Zhuangzi once dreamed that he became a butterfly and flew freely. After waking up, he asked himself, I don't know if he dreamed of becoming a butterfly or if the butterfly dreamed of becoming a butterfly. "Meng Xiao", a morning dream, means that this dream is very short. The allusion of the latter sentence comes from Ji Shu, saying that Du Yu, the king of Shu, died unfortunately, and his soul became a cuckoo after his death. Because he misses his old country, he cries bitterly every spring, even crying blood in his mouth. "Looking at the Emperor", that is, Du Yu. "Spring" refers to the sadness caused by spring.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.
The previous sentence of this connection mixed several allusions: in ancient times, it was thought that mussels and pearls in the sea changed with the ups and downs of the moon, so "moonlight" and "pearl" were linked; It is also said that pearls are made from the tears of Jiao Ren (a mythical mermaid) in the sea, so "pearls" and "tears" are linked again; Another idiom "Pearl of the Sea" means to bury talents.
There are different versions of the allusion to the latter sentence. "Lantian" refers to Lantian Mountain, also known as Yushan, which is a famous jade producing area in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. The ancients believed that the place where Baoyu was buried had a kind of "qi" that ordinary eyes could not see. This mountain glows on a warm day, and the jade in it rises in Ran Ran, but the essence of Meiyu is far away, but it is not near. This represents a beautiful ideal scene, but it cannot be grasped and approached. Another view is that it comes from the Wei-Jin novel Different Biography, which tells a very sad love story. Fu Cha's youngest daughter, named Yu, fell in love with a young man named Han Zhong, but the prince was not allowed to be angry, and Xiaoyu died of depression. One day, someone suddenly saw Xiaoyu dressing up in front of the mirror. Focha went to hug her, but Xiaoyu disappeared like smoke.
This couplet and the first couplet * * * use four allusions, which show us different artistic conception and emotion. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies is a trance and confusion of life. Looking forward to the emperor's longing for spring, including his persistence in hard pursuit; Tears in the sea have a broad loneliness; The warmth of Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy. The images extracted by the poet from allusions are so magical and ethereal, and his mind is slowly opening up to us. The beauty of the New Year and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, which can only be understood but not expressed.
This is also the most difficult four sentences in the poem "Jinse". The poet strangely combined four seemingly unrelated allusions, using light brushwork and virtual control, without revealing the deep meaning of the allusions. Dai Shulun, a mid-Tang poet, said: "The poet's scenery, such as the warmth of Lantian and the richness of jade and smoke, can only be seen before it is imminent." Describe the beautiful and unpredictable artistic conception of poetry. This poem is exactly the same. Because of its unpredictability, all attempts to verify the poet's allusions with concrete facts ended in failure. No matter how fully discussed, whether it is "funeral theory", "music theory" or other theories, it always makes people feel unspeakable compared with the feelings that poetry itself gives us.
A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
These two sentences echo the previous two sentences and end the whole poem, which means that these events were already frustrating when they happened. How can we wait until today to make memories? I feel that life is like a dream when I experience it, and I feel that life is like a dream when I recall it. This double illusion conveys the poet's disappointment and sadness very deeply. It can only turn into endless mourning like a cuckoo. "Yes", or not.
Appreciation of Jinse
Jinse is Li Shangyin's masterpiece. Everyone who loves poetry is happy and happy, and it is the most famous. However, this is the most difficult poem to explain. Some people say that it is a love poem for a maid named "Jinse" in Linghu Chu's family; Some people say that it is a mourning poem for the late wife Wang; Others think that the four poems in the middle can meet the four feelings of appropriateness, resentment, clarity and harmony, and can be inferred as poems describing music; There are also many sayings, such as alluding to politics and writing autobiographical poems. For thousands of years, there have been many different opinions. Generally speaking, most people say "mourning" and "self-injury".
The poet borrowed many allusions, such as Zhuang Sheng's dream butterfly, the tears of Du Fu, the tears in the sea, the smoke in the fertile fields and so on. And use metaphor, association and imagination to transform their auditory feelings into visual images, and create a hazy realm with the combination of fragments of images, thus conveying their sincere, strong and profound thoughts with the help of visually perceptible poetic images.
The poem Jinse uses the first two words of the first sentence. In the old saying, it was originally thought to be a poem about objects, but the annotator seems to think that this poem has nothing to do with the theme of utensils, and it is really "untitled" to use utensils to hide the theme.
The first couplet "I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, each with a youthful interval." No reason, no reason, born this way. Musical instrument, piano has three strings and five strings; Zheng you 13 string; But "Se" has fifty strings. How sad it is to express complex feelings with so many strings. Ancient times alluded to Taidi and Motome, which was extremely sad. The poet uses this allusion as a metaphor, implying that the poet is different. Others have only three or five strings, but poets have as many as fifty strings. What a gifted genius. Suggest that he is extremely talented, sentimental and sensitive. Bixing is really clever. The next sentence, a string of columns, recalls the years of youthful love. The first couplet always begins, leading below. The following are all memories of beautiful youth. But the beauty is not long, which makes people feel lost and disappointed.
The last sentence of "Zhuan Xu" uses an allegorical allusion from "Zhuangzi", saying that Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he was a butterfly and flew vividly, forgetting that he was "Zhuang Zhou"; Later, when I woke up, it was still Zhuang Zhou at home, and I didn't know where the butterfly had gone. The next sentence is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice is sad and touching, named Du Fu. This couplet is about a beautiful woman, a complicated string, which awakens the poet's dream and stops sleeping. Lost, gone, does not mean. Vaguely contains a beautiful situation, but it is an empty dream. The numerous strings and plaintive songs of the golden harp made the poet feel infinite sadness and unspeakable grievances, such as Du Fu's plaintive voice, which sent him home in the spring. The word "entrusted" not only describes Du Yuzhi's longing for love in Du Fu, but also describes the beauty's longing for love in Jinse, waving and watching, and flowers falling into the water. The poet's wonderful writing and strange feelings reached a climax here.
After the couplet, the poem has been "started" and "closed", and it is time to "turn" the pen. When the pen comes here, the previous situation has reached a very small level, which seems to be a knot, meaning to be applied. Here, touching the pen and ink, it seems to be "getting up" again. His brushwork is like a towering peak, or like a broken line, or pushing the pen down, or slow and tight, and his techniques are different, while his philosophical context has a turning point and he is always focused. At this time, the poet wrote the famous sentence "Mermaids shed pearl-like tears down the sea as green as the moon".
Several allusions are mixed in the previous sentence of the Necklace. Beads are born in mussels, and mussels are born in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and quiet, mussels open their mouths to raise pearls, pearls get moonlight, and aurora begins to shine. This is a beautiful folk tradition. Tears, like beads, are natural since ancient times. Jiao Ren's tears turned into pearls, which is also a strange sight in the sea. In this way, the bright moon falls between the seas, and pearls are bathed in tears, forming an indistinguishable fairyland in the poet's pen. It is rare to have such rich connotations and wonderful associations in one stroke.
The blue sky and sea in the latter sentence are not groundless. Si Kongtu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun who was earlier than him: "The beauty of a poet, such as the warmth of Lantian and the essence of jade, cannot be placed in front of us." The eight words used for metaphor here are exactly the same as the seven words in the next sentence of this poem, which shows that this metaphor has another source. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost later, and it was difficult to find the source again. It is hard to say whether it is appropriate to quote Dai language as an explanation. Lu Ji, a writer in the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "Stone is like jade, mountains are only light, and water is like pearls." Lantian Mountain is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. This mountain is sunny and contains jade gas (the ancients thought that treasures have phosgene invisible to ordinary eyes), and Ran Ran rises. However, although the essence of Meiyu is far away, it is not close, so it is out of reach, representing an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it is impossible to grasp and approach. This sentence in the poem, inspired and associated by "Jade Mountain is shining, pearls are charming, and Sichuan is charming", is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence: the warmth of the sea and the moon and Lantian. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to the sea, because the original meaning of Cang is cyan. The poet's exquisite rhetoric can also show his talent and skills.
For poets, there is a special feeling behind the realm of the sea and the moon. Once, due to illness, he failed to bow to the "Leying to buy wine" meeting of Hedong Gong, so he wrote "Only the sea and bright moon will be filled with high pressure for a while" ("I heard that Hedong Gong Leying bought wine in my illness"). From this perspective, on the one hand, he appreciates this situation, on the other hand, he is very sad and lonely: a complex and unspeakable disappointment.
This couplet and the first couplet * * * use four allusions, showing different artistic conception and artistic conception. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies is a trance and confusion of life. Looking forward to the emperor's longing for spring, including his persistence in hard pursuit; Tears in the sea have a broad loneliness; The warmth of Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy. The images extracted by the poet from allusions are so magical and ethereal that his mind is slowly opened to readers, and the beauty of the New Year and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, which can only be understood but not expressed.
The tail couplet is a masterpiece of the whole article, and clearly puts forward the word "this feeling", which echoes the beginning of "China Year" at a distance, and the pen gesture is never shy. The poem says: Don't wait until today to recall such feelings before you begin to feel endless regret, then it will already be embarrassing. For ordinary people, it is often when people are old that they look back on the past: they deeply regret that their youth is fleeting, their achievements have failed, their time has been wasted, and their regrets are endless. However, this talented poet has already seen the clue, but he is helpless and infinitely lost. This is the poet Li Shangyin who borrowed the golden harp to make himself feel better.
Li Shangyin's life is full of ups and downs, with unspeakable pain, bitter feelings, poems trapped in his heart, deep wounds, reciprocating low hesitation and deep infection. One of his farewell poems said: "Yu Xin is affectionate, and Yang Zhu is affectionate when he dies;" Women are in danger, and women want to be husbands! "("Sending a Thousand Cows and General Li to the Fifty Rhymes of Que ") Musical instruments are often entrusted with deep affection and bitterness for life and death, which can be imagined. If there is hatred in Jinse's poems about where you will go, I'm afraid it can't be said to be all arbitrary.
The Original Text, Translation and Appreciation of Mawei
Ma Wei
Author: Li Shangyin
In vain, I heard the legend that overseas Kyushu, the afterlife is unpredictable, and this life will not stop.
When they heard the guards guarding them, they fought swords at night, and there were no more chickens in the palace.
The Sixth Army has agreed that they will all be stationed in Malaysia. On the old Qixi Festival, we also laughed at the Weaver Girl.
How did I spend the fourth period? I was an emperor, but not a son-in-law. I was with Mochow at night.
Horsetail translation
There is no need to sing the joys and sorrows of the emperor's concubines; There is also the Milky Way in the world, which separates thousands of couples in Qian Qian.
There are countless farewells between couples like Shi Haocun, and the tears of ordinary people are much more than those spilled in the Palace of Eternal Life.
Notes on Ma Wei
Mawei: Mawei slope is located in the west of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province. During the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled here and strangled Yang Guifei under the threat of military officers.
Song of Eternal Sorrow: A poem by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is about the political tragedy and love tragedy caused by the favor of Yang Guifei, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Galaxy: Tianhe. In myths and legends, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are separated by the Milky Way and are not allowed to be together.
Shihao Village: Shihao Village Two sentences: The poem "Officials in Shi Hao" written by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu is about the Anshi Rebellion, and officials recruited soldiers and horses, which caused the tragic situation of an old couple in Shihao Village.
Immortal Hall: Immortal Hall: The former site is in Huaqing Palace in Lishan, Shaanxi.
Ma Wei appreciates it
The poem begins with "overseas", referring to the legend that after his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the alchemist to search for his soul overseas, met her in the overseas fairy mountain, and Yang Ci made a firm contract with her. The poet conceived in Xuanzong's mind that Kyushu had changed, the four seas were churning, and overseas lamented in vain, but the promise of "a different life" was difficult to realize. Three or four sentences are written upstairs. "Kong Wen" and "night explosion" mean that "night explosion" has never been heard; "No reply" and "Dawn" mean that "Dawn" is not needed. All this implies two sentences, namely "nothing" and "unknown", implying that Yang Yuhuan was caught in the Mawei incident. Five or six sentences become facts. "This day" refers to the day when the imperial concubine died, and "at that time" refers to the time when the Chinese Valentine's Day met. "Six armies stationed in Malaysia together" refers to the mutiny of the imperial army, and the love between Li and Yang is also "stationed in Malaysia together", and it is disillusioned. "Laughing at Petunia on Tanabata" refers to Tanabata night. In the Palace of Eternal Life, two people made a secret appointment with a smile, laughing at the short annual meeting between Penny and the Weaver Girl. "At that time" once "laughed" at others, but now it is not as long as the love of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl; In contrast, it is pathetic and ridiculous. The poet compares the indignation of the Sixth Army with the secret oath of the Palace of Eternal Life, which is profound and sharp. Seven or eight sentences end in a rhetorical tone. You are the son of heaven, but not as sweet as the people's love and happy life. The poet used "Mochow" to express his feelings. Asking with "how" implies accusation.
This is a political satire directed at Li Tang's former emperor, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning, the story of "Overseas" and "More Kyushu" was used to summarize the legend that the alchemist discovered Yang Fei overseas, but it was denied by the "disciple". Those who "smell" listen to it for nothing. It means: Xuanzong heard from the alchemist that Yang Fei still remembered the oath of "wishing the world husband and wife" on the fairy mountain, and was "very shocked", but what's the use? The fact that "he was born" is a couple is uncertain; The relationship between husband and wife in this life is obviously over. How it ended naturally caused the following situation.
The "cock crow" in court is in contrast with Ma Youyi's "tiger swimming at night", but yesterday's happiness and today's suffering, yesterday's safety and danger are all different situations and moods. The escape life of Tiger Walking at Night is very uncomfortable, which means the same thing. The contrast with Chicken Man Announces Dawn implies that the protagonist is eager to enjoy the happiness of the past again, which is another meaning. Then use "Kong Wen" and "no reply" to echo, indicating that hope has been disillusioned and the tail is too big to fail, which is the third meaning. "Tiger Brigade at Night" was originally used for patrolling and guarding, but being named "Kong Wen" has the opposite meaning. From the point of view of composition, "Kong Wen" inherited "Rest in Peace" and enlightened "Six Armies in Malaysia". It means that the "Tiger Brigade" is a "nocturnal song", but it is not to protect the safety of the emperor and the imperial concubine, but to launch a mutiny.
Because of this, it is impossible for Li and Yang to enjoy a comfortable court life.
Tripartite: "This day" refers to the day when Yang Fei died. "Six armies stationed in Malaysia" coincides with Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and no one moves, but after "Song of Eternal Sorrow", they may trample on those moths until their hooves, and "this day" is traced back to "then". The contrast and supplement between "then" and "today" is not only self-evident, but also rich in meaning. It is called "reverse holding method". Xuanzong and Yang Fei swore to each other on Tanabata at that time, laughing at Petunia and Zhinv. They only met once a year, but they were "husband and wife forever" and never separated. But what if the sixth army doesn't send it? Opposed to each other, the ending of Fei Yang's death is not difficult to understand, and Xuanzong's hypocritical and selfish mental outlook is also exposed. At the same time, "Laughing and caressing cows on Tanabata" is a typical summary of Xuanzong's infatuation with women and neglect of political affairs. When compared with "six armies stationed in Malaysia", it shows the causal relationship between them. Without the debauchery at that time, there would be no dispersion of today. The "then" when Xuanzong indulged in debauchery never took into account the "today" when he gave his favorite concubine to death. At this point, the sentence of the tail couplet is like an arrow.
Tailing also contains strong contrast. On the one hand, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who had been emperor for more than 40 years, could not keep his beloved concubine. On the other hand, the Lu family, as an ordinary people, could keep his wife Mochow, who was both a weaver and a mulberry picker. Therefore, the poet coldly asked: Xuanzong, who had been emperor for more than 40 years, why didn't he guard his wife like ordinary people? In the first six songs, the edge of criticism is directed at Tang Xuanzong. Concluding with a question that needs a lot of exploration to give a comprehensive answer enriches the content of criticism.