This is the creative origin of Pan Yue and Li Shangyin. Their life path is not smooth, and how difficult they are personally. But specifically, there are still some differences. Pan Yue lived in troubled times, and the turbulent society left him only death and loss. The pain doesn't stop there. He was jealous when he was young, so he lived ten years later. When people reach middle age, they have no fame and fortune, and they have lofty aspirations, which is sad. In the most difficult time, relatives and close friends around us died one by one ... It never rains but it pours, who can stand it? Pan Yue had to face up to the painful life, from losing relatives and friends to mourning the victims of that era. Among them, his mourning works rose from the initial personal feelings to the height of fraternity. In contrast, Li Shangyin was in the late Tang Dynasty. Although there is no war, there are many disturbances. It was an era of dynasty decline, followed by the decline of a number of bureaucratic classes-Li Shangyin was born in a declining small bureaucratic family. Li Shangyin's experience should first mention his unhappy marriage and love, but he can't have a lover. Then the most important source of pain in his life-being involved in the "Niu Li" political struggle. The bumpy life course makes Li Shangyin, who is sentimental and depressed, have to use words to pour out the fire in his chest and express his pain in his heart. In the preface to Selected Poems of Li Shangyin, Mr. Liu said: "In particular, Li Shangyin's mourning poems are often intertwined with a strong sense of life experience and a cold sense of the real environment, which has become a new kind of mourning poems and has a far-reaching impact on future generations." It is not difficult to see that the characteristics of expressing life feelings in Li Shangyin's mourning poems revealed in this passage can actually be traced back to Pan Yue's mourning poems expressing life experience feelings.
A strong sense of life experience and a cold sense of the real environment make poets who live in the world and bear all this alone have a deeper nostalgia for their dead wives or relatives and friends. This kind of emotion has become the creative source and powerful motivation of poets such as Pan Yue and Li Shangyin.
2. The construction of literary thinking: Compared with the past, things are wrong, and feeling things hurts the body.
"Time flies in the winter and spring pavilions, and the cold and heat suddenly change. The son of the son returns to the poor spring, and the heavy soil is separated forever. " This is the situation of Pan Yue at that time; "Looking at lu, thinking about people, thinking about the past. There is no screen, but there are traces of calligraphy. "Is his mentality at that time. The same is true of Li Shangyin: "The rose is crying, and the green belt can't spend much money." On the surface, it is a metaphor for the child's crying when he loses his mother, but in fact it expresses unspeakable sadness; "Jiao Lang is as crazy as a cloud, holding the sun and the west curtain dawn" extremely said that he lost his beloved wife, looked trance, and couldn't sleep all night; "The pillow is the dragon palace stone, and the eyes are cut"-seeing things and thinking about people only increases sadness; "I'm so worried, I don't even know." I have to sigh, the past is gone. Even if I meet you in my next life, I probably don't know you! The contrast between the past and the present and the change of the four seasons leave people with endless pain and nostalgia.
And carefully identify, Pan Li and these two have detailed differences in the layout of the article. Pan Yue's typical mourning poem ("Winter and spring are long, cold and summer are easy to flow." Looking back on his wife's life before and after her death, and expressing her lonely and desolate psychological feelings and painful situation: "Who wants to obey privately? What's the advantage of staying for a long time?" Li Shangyin, on the other hand, used the scenery to express his feelings ("roses cry quietly, green belts spend small money") to cheer up the scenery and miss old friends. Song in the Room expresses the deep memory of my dead wife by recalling all the details before her death ("I remember the spring of the year before last, but there was nothing sad"). In this way, the expression of feelings is more subtle and euphemistic. However, it is obvious that these two lyric ways have one thing in common, that is, expressing their feelings in the scenery to express their sadness about the disappearance of things and their deep nostalgia for their dead wives, which is a valuable key that Pan Yue left for Li Shangyin or later generations to write mourning articles.
3. Artistic style: sentimental, elegant and harmonious.
Pan Yue's mourning poems are passionate and affectionate in emotional expression, bold and straightforward. "Hanlin if there is a bird, only live once. Swim like a fish, and you can see the middle of the road "("Mourning Poems ")," Who is as cold as the same age? The age of cold is the same, and the moon is awkward. " ("Mourning Poems" II) "Wandering among the graves in the street, I can't bear to go back. I can't bear to leave, but I'm walking around. " (The third mourning poem) Through poetry, we can feel the image of a poet who is miserable and sleepless because of his beloved wife's departure, and lives in Lacrimosa all day long. Because it is a mourning for his wife, it is easy to expose his true thoughts and feelings and show his unique feelings. These poems have been read by people and have far-reaching influence.
Influenced by Pan Yue's mourning poems, most of the mourning poems of later generations are mourning poems for his wife. Li Shangyin's example is a good example.
The same ardent love for his wife, the same inseparable feelings, the same deep nostalgia and unforgettable things: we can understand them from their poems.
The difference is that Li Shangyin is often more subtle and tactful when expressing his feelings. Due to the loneliness and misfortune of his family, as well as his own thinness and weakness, his sentimental character has been formed. "Roses have tears, and Cui Dai seldom spends money. The charming waves are like clouds, supporting the sun and the west curtain. " Through the creation of scenery and atmosphere, I can hint my deep thoughts about my wife through what Jiao Lang did and what he might think. However, despite this yearning, at the end of the song in the room, he wanted to say,' Today, the bottom of the river is loose, and tomorrow, the mountain will be buried. I'm so worried. I don't know him. The ancients commented: "thinking without thinking, doing without thinking, mourning without mourning, is excellent for me!" "
In addition, from the language of their poems, we can also see a trace of inheritance.
Pan Yue's mourning poems are also very distinctive in language: the use of reduplicated words ("bright window and moon"), disyllabic words or rhymes ("tears should fall") and some words with bleak and bleak meanings (poor spring, heavy soil, Shen You, Shang Qing, hate Taiwan, fallen leaves, faded fragrance and lonely soul) not only adds to the phonological beauty of his poems, but also enhances the integrity. Later writers also attached great importance to his language characteristics and style: generous style, delicate language but not deliberate pursuit, elegance and not too complicated.
Li Shangyin's "Song in the Room": "After returning, the gold wares are longer than people"; "Longer than human beings", especially "I worry longer than life" in Qiu Si's third poem, means that things exist in human beings. His wife's golden harp outlives her. Blending all kinds of feelings into the fresh and melancholy artistic conception, and using appropriate allusions without showing traces, Li Shangyin's poems are "clear" and "beautiful" to read, and the words are tempered without traces, with harmonious sounds and feelings and natural beauty.
In a word, Pan Yue's mourning works have established his literary position and exerted a noticeable influence on later generations. He writes deeply about sadness, so his works are full of deep sadness; His language is rich and simple, but it can't hide his extraordinary literary talent; He is a model for future generations to mourn the dead. To sum up, "Pan Yue's mourning poems are a banner and a milestone in the history of mourning literature in China.