Liu Ji, one of the founding heroes of the Ming Dynasty, was relied on by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His poems revealed the dark and turbulent social reality at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He is the author of Song Sang Ci, Ma Ma Ci and Sixty-four Rhymes of Zhou Zongdao. They all expressed their worries about reality to varying degrees, or accused the people of being hurt, or exposed the truth that officials forced the people to rebel at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
Liu Ji also has a poem "Two Ghosts", which is more than 1200 words in length. In the poem, two ghosts, Lin Jie and Yu Yi, are used to reorganize the world and benefit the people, but they are suspected of being arrested by the Emperor of Heaven, expressing their frustration that their ambitions cannot be realized.
Gao Qi was the most accomplished poet in Ming Dynasty. Gao Qi's literary thought advocates learning from the Han, Wei, Tang and Song Dynasties, so his poems are diverse in style, learning from them, absorbing the strengths of the ancients and bringing forth the new. Zhao Yi, a historian in Qing Dynasty, commented on Gao Qi's poetic method in Ou Bei Shi Hua.
When it comes to writing, there is a broad and prosperous atmosphere, which is also related to the literary movement of the next generation.
The evaluation of Gao Qi in the Summary of Sikuquanshu is: "Genius is better than poets in Ming Dynasty." In fact, from Gao Qi's achievements, we can see the vitality of poetry creation in the early Ming Dynasty.
Gao Qi has been an official for only three years, and has lived in the village for a long time. Therefore, some of his poems describe farmers' working life, such as herding cattle, fishing, raising silkworms, shooting ducks, logging, beating wheat, picking tea, and Tian Guhang. These poems do not idealize rural life, but reflect class exploitation and people's sufferings to some extent.
Such as "Huzhou Song sent Chen Taishou" wrote:
The grass is boundless and the water is gurgling. Go to Tian Wu, go to the next field, and Nakata has a cow's tail, which is not enough to lose official business. Hou Laisong shook his head and listened to Nong try to sing Huzhou songs. Huzhou Song, quietly ended, a few bleak and deserted months.
Other poems, such as "Training the Old to Hide Farmers", "Crossing the Fengkou Battlefield", "Smelling spearmen leaving Yuecheng at night to invest in mountain niches" and "Dashui", also describe the sufferings of farmers and soldiers under natural and man-made disasters. These works are the essence of Gao Qi's poetry.
Gao Qi's Candle Night Tour of the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty focuses on the description of the Tang Dynasty emperor's indulgence in debauchery and forgetting state affairs, which eventually led to the Anshi rebellion. Most of the poems were changed by Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, but none of them were attacked, which shows the depth of his poetic artistic skill.
The poem "Climbing the Yuhuatai in Jinling and Looking at the Great River" can best reflect the artistic characteristics of Gao Qi. Give it a try:
Sit and feel the vastness of the past and watch the sunset from a distance.
At the foot of the stone city, who dares to cross a thousand troops?
How can the yellow flag enter Romania? The iron lock across the river is not solid.
There were three kingdoms before, six dynasties after, and grass grew in the palace!
The protagonist used the current situation to alienate himself, and several wars were bloody and cold.
Your majesty rises from the south when he is lucky, and is relieved when he is in trouble.
From then on, the four seas are home, not limited to the Yangtze River.
From the victory of Nanjing to the separatist regime in history, and then to the relatively stable life today, there is a little emotion and desolation in passion.
Gao Qi's poems have certain artistic features. Some of his poems advocate realism and describe the scenery in detail. Such as "Jiang Huanglian Zhu fog, wild white full of Tian Bing"; The words "birds peck dead the leaves, insects lightly hang the leaves" all come from the true feelings of life, which are novel and realistic.
Gao Qi's poems pay attention to implication and have a long lasting appeal. Such as "Ditching Ballad":
Dig a deep canal and make ten plans; This ditch is very wide, 80 feet. It's not hard to dig canals, and the Yellow River has opened more than 1000 feet.
Although it's just a few words, it comes to an abrupt end, but it can give people a profound aftertaste. In addition, Gao Qi's poems have few allusions and strive to be fluent. Some poems are only a few sentences, and more are folk songs. Such as "Songs at Four o'clock at Midnight":
Red makeup is unintentional, leaving Nanhu Road late.
I can't bear to go back to the boat, and Furong is like A Lang.
These poems are clear, cordial and touching.
In the Ming Dynasty, the "Taige Style" poetry school represented by "Three Sheep" appeared. "Sanyang", namely Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu, are all important officials of Taige. Taige mainly refers to the cabinet and the Hanlin Academy at that time, and Taige style refers to a poetic style formed by important officials of Taige at that time.
The poems written by these people are all works that praise virtue and whitewash peace, and the form is the pursuit of elegance, elegance and beauty. Most of the themes are cut, rewarded and presented, giving people a sense of blandness.
At the same time as "Taige Style", Yu Qian's works. His object-chanting poem Ode to a Lime;
A thousand hammers hit the mountains, and the fire burns casually. Even if it is smashed to pieces, I am not afraid, and I am willing to leave a clean one in the world.
By comparing with Lyme, the poet expressed his noble sentiment and extraordinary ambition to take risks and sacrifice.
Chaling poetry school is another poetry school after Taige style in the early Ming Dynasty. Chaling school flaunted the poetics of Han and Tang dynasties in view of the vague skin outline of Taige style, which had a certain influence on its retro proposition and creative practice. Li Dongyang, a representative poet, was born in Chaling, Hunan. It formed and became active in the poetry circles from Hongzhi to Zhengde. Li Dongyang achieved the most.
Li Dongyang's poetics pays attention to form, emphasizes the system, syllable, tone and meter of poetry, and ignores the content. Therefore, most of his poems are entertainment poems expressing the feelings of feudal literati, lacking realism in content and elegant and beautiful in form. The vision of his poems is broader than that of "Sanyang", but he can't completely get rid of the disadvantages of the cabinet style.