The first couplet: "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." The beginning of the poem describes what I saw in the scene map: the mountains and rivers are still there, but the capital has fallen, the city is ruined in the war, the grass grows and the trees are barren.
Zhuan Xu: "Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness." Flowers shed tears mercilessly, birds are frightened without hatred, and flowers and birds have grievances because of people. Flowers in spring are originally beautiful and fragrant; Birds in spring should cheer and sing euphemistic songs to make people happy.
Whether it is "feeling for time" or "hating farewell", it embodies Du Fu's misery. The meaning of these two sentences can be understood as follows: I feel the frustration of the current situation and see the flowers bloom and fall; I feel depressed and resentful, and I feel scared when I hear birds singing.
Necklace: "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The poet thought: the war has been going on for a spring, and it is still not over. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was forced to flee to Shu, and Tang Suzong just succeeded to the throne. However, loyalists have not yet achieved a favorable situation and failed to recover Xijing. It seems that the war will last for a long time.
I still remember that I was captured and locked up in the enemy camp. I haven't heard from my wife and children for a long time. Their lives are uncertain, and I don't know what happened. If only I could get a letter from home.
Tail couplet: "I caressed my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. " When the war lasts for several months, the family will not believe it, and the worries of the country and the family will come to mind, and the internal and external troubles will be entangled. I have a miserable scene in front of me and I am extremely anxious. At this moment, I don't feel bored, scratch my head, hesitate, and my hair turns white.
After leaving home, I have been wandering in the war and trapped in Chang' an for several months. I have less hair. I scratch my hair with my hands, and I feel that my hair is scarce and my eyes are short-sighted. I can't even get my hair in. The poet wrote about his own experience of getting old because of the destruction of the country and the division of the war.
What spring looks like.
Tang dynasty? Du Fu
Original text:
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Translation:
Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation. Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold. Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
Extended data:
The creative background of Hope in Spring;
In November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In June of the following year, the rebels captured Tongguan, and Tang Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a hurry. In July, Prince Hengli was located in Lingwu (present-day Ningxia), known as Su Zong in the world, and was renamed as De.
When Du Fu heard the news, he settled down in the boat and went to the Suzong court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and sent to Chang 'an, but he was not imprisoned because of his humble position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the scene of depression in Chang 'an, and he had mixed feelings, so he wrote this masterpiece that will be told for generations.
A brief introduction to the author of Hope in Spring:
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770), with beautiful words, called himself a young man with a young age. Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, is from Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province). A great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, together with Li Bai, was called "Du Li".
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Hope of Spring