Language learning lies in accumulation.
The language that comes into our daily life is that you must combine its work with life and learn the language in a life that is closely integrated with life. Our colorful life can always be found in the lives of caring people and infinite wonderful knowledge and materials, which are the most dynamic and modern. A famous foreign writer once invited friends to his home. He saw that the dishes on the menu were all interesting names, and immediately began to take notes, but he forgot his friends present. In fact, many famous writers have developed the habit of writing books. What's in your heart? The punch line of the sudden conversation inspires the idea that you can write it down, and you can write down unique events. We may not be able to do this, but at least, we should be a good observer of life and diligent in thinking about life, so that development will rise to rational understanding and good living habits.
Second, accumulate lectures and practical means. The essence of the teachers' teaching after screening is quite critical, and she has given us strong guidance and inspiration. Practice must have a certain amount. Grasp the basic knowledge and basic reading and writing skills firmly through lectures and a series of synchronous exercises or special exercises.
Accumulation is reading a newspaper. As long as you are willing to go to a certain sea area? Books, after a long time, you may find that, in fact, you can talk eloquently and stutter. Reading this book is really effective. Effective knowledge accumulation and description can improve our reading ability and language expression ability. Generally speaking, reading a lot naturally improves language ability. Although in all reading methods. First of all, we should choose some excellent readers. After reading this book, you should pay attention to the methods used by the teachers. I also hope to take notes after reading and extract wonderful words, words and useful materials.
The fourth way of accumulation and distribution. Sometimes people who can learn may not be able to write good articles and apply what they have learned. Real knowledge can only be obtained through their own hands. Diary, weekly diary, book review, thesis writing, thesis, etc. Formed by distribution.
To sum up briefly, the above is my language learning method. I hope we can improve together in communication.
How to learn Chinese in junior high school?
language learning
It is divided into four parts. Part I: Basic knowledge of language.
Basic knowledge of language includes five aspects: stylistic knowledge (grammar, punctuation, rhetoric) and literary knowledge of words, phrases and sentences. Learning point
One word
1。 Pronunciation:
Words that are prone to mispronouncing according to China Pinyin Rules.
Mastering and using the writing rules, key words and spelling syllables of these words can achieve the effect of drawing inferences from others. These words are:
(1) Appearance size, temperature, camel color and fluidity are easy to spell.
(2) English, yes, the spelling rules of cigarettes, leaves and halos.
(3) Male, Xiong Rong, Weng Zi and awkward spelling rules
(4) Female, green, prey, children, and machines, areas, need the difference between fish. Insulation symbol
In addition, spelling, leather pi m 4 o children's pinyin flowers are gently marked.
2。 Glyph:
Pay attention to the difference between similar words and homophones.
Most bonds under the workbook, this book is easy to make mistakes if students write common spelling mistakes. Phonetic pronunciation exercise book written in ordinary characters.
A dictionary for cultivating good living habits.
2. Write down the words that are usually easy to make mistakes in the notebook, and concentrate on learning and guiding correction on a regular basis.
3, it can also be the shape of words, and the practice of homophonic.
word
Learning point
There should be a word in this article, the meaning of context, as well as discrimination, synonyms, antonyms, evaluation and discrimination.
(1) The original meaning and background of the word.
(2) Synonym discrimination: choose the right word according to the context.
③ Determine the evaluation of words, and understand the correct words after emotional changes in combination with the context.
research method
1。 Every time you learn a new lesson, if you don't have it, you must turn to the dictionary and understand it in context instead of rote learning.
2。 Some meanings change within a specific range, so we must strengthen our understanding of this part.
3。 The comments and practice words in the text should be focused.
4。 Learning words should adhere to the principle of "continuous flow, continuous line and daily learning", and accumulate certain words according to your own situation. After a period of time, if you are not familiar with the self-test, you will be screened and retested until less and less.
5。 If you record your accumulation in the yard, the best classification will not only help you master the basic knowledge of the language, but also help you cooperate. /a & gt；
Sentences of knowledge points
grammar
You should master these three phrases, simple sentences and complex sentences .../>
Phrase knowledge: five basic structures: juxtaposition, deviation, verb-object and complement.
In a word: six basic elements, subject, predicate, object, adverbial and complement.
Complex sentence: seven basic types, juxtaposition, gradual transition, choice, causality, hypothesis and condition.
direct
In recent years, due to the weakening of grammar knowledge, some students think that not learning grammar is actually very beneficial for us to learn and use the grammar of a language. Articles that use these grammars to understand the content are more fluent, concise and clear.
1。 The study of phrases can't be separated from sentences, but should be combined with phrases in sentences to understand sentences.
2。 Using the basic positions of different components and different usages of structural auxiliary words, we can master the division of single sentence components.
(1)[ adverbial] (attributive) subject || [adverbial predicate (attributive) object
Note: when expressing, adverbial will be the general subject. Before the time is indicated, it is called complement, for example, after the predicate,
② Use structural auxiliary words "de" and "tai"
"The antecedent is generally the attribute of the subject or object.
The word "to" is a general adverbial predicate.
The word "Bei" is usually followed by a complement predicate.
3。 The purpose of reviewing complex sentences is to remember common related words, complex sentences, recite formulas and easily distinguish types.
Recite a poem of related words in complex sentences for a few minutes, and you can try it.
They all stood side by side, but I remember correctly;
No, or choose between two tables;
Not only is there no progress in the table, but there are more;
However, as a turning point, although, the increase is very good, but;
Since this is the case, there is only one condition, and there is no problem with causality; If and even if are the same, if the above table assumes.
Learning grammar knowledge focuses on the application of grammar knowledge, aiming at improving language skills, instead of simply memorizing grammar terms, concepts and theories, single sentences focus on sick sentences; The key points of complex sentences and the use of this word are used to understand the clauses in complex sentences. Therefore, on the basis of learning, we should learn to use these knowledge to serve the correct use of language. BR/>；
② Punctuation marks
Key points of knowledge
1March, 990, the State Language Committee and People's Republic of China (PRC) Press and Publication Bureau revised and published "Usage of Punctuation": "Punctuation in written language has the functions of holding, pausing, intonation and words, so we must pay attention to the use of punctuation, which is an indispensable part."
Punctuation Usage 16 Punctuation List. Phrases can help students remember these punctuation marks:
Sentence, comma, pause, minute, question exclamation point (7 kinds)
Citations, including provinces, fragmentation and even names, have time intervals and priorities. (9 kinds)
(This name refers to the title number and specific name)
research method
The correct use of punctuation in the article should be noted that some students' writing is often funny to the end, which is obviously not, colons, quotation marks, semicolons, these punctuation marks are easy to make mistakes, which is a small crime of successful writing in schools and more places. In addition, colons and quotation marks are often error-prone.
I said, "You come, he won't come."
You came, but he won't come. I said.
You came, I said, he didn't come. "
Questions are tested almost every year, and students must pay attention to them. Punctuation marks are used when reading and understanding the content of an article.
& lt/(3) Rhetoric:
Learning point
Three aspects of knowledge that should be mastered,
1, eight rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration and even asking a question repeatedly;
For eight common sentences: active sentences, passive sentences, affirmative sentences, negative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences, we will choose the needs expressed according to the sentences used;
3. Language expression should be concise, clear and appropriate.
Guided learning:
/& gt； Analyze and understand the function of rhetorical reading in expressing the central sentence, master this knowledge, and improve your written language application ability.
style
BR/>； It includes four parts: narrative, expository, argumentative, practical and stylistic knowledge.
1。 narrate
Knowledge points:
① Elements: time, place, human (event) cause and result.
② People: (me), second (you) and third (him).
③ The sequence is: narration, flashback and interlude.
④ Center: Express ideas by recording people's narration, inclination and writing scenes.
⑤ Level of detail: The center of detail writing is concrete and vivid. The abbreviation of center.
2。 comment
Knowledge points:
① Object characteristics: the characteristics of things and the nature of this thing.
② Consistent description: the order of hierarchical description, in chronological order, spatial order and logical order.
/& gt； ③ Description: classification, definition, comparison, analogy, examples and graphs.
3. Discussion text
Knowledge points:
① Parameters: the author's views and ideas on the issues discussed.
2 parameters: the facts and truth that parameters are used to prove.
(3) Parameters: discourse level and argumentation method (graphic quotation method, comparative argumentation method).
4. Practical writing
Knowledge points:
Should focus on the understanding of the format, common several practical.
(1) Special channel communication-general communication and application forms, written suggestions, thanks and general letters.
① Title: generally corresponding to untitled "(the content of a letter or the title of a letter with a theme).
(2) Call: The first line is called by the receiver with a colon.
③ Text: two spaces, written on the second line. Career change, top case. Segmented.
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④ Ending: Write down the best wishes and pay high respects. The body spelling of "I hope" and "yours" can connect two spaces and write a line after "progress" and "salute" in a single line.
⑤ Signature and date: the date of his writing after writing a line of signature in the lower right corner of two lines of messages. Before signing, according to the recipient's identity, qualifications or the status of the unit.
⑥ Fill in the standard envelope.
The postal code of the receiving area is filled in the six small boxes in the upper left corner of the envelope.
Under the postal code of the recipient area, fill in the recipient's address or company name.
The recipient's address or company name, and the recipient's name is written in the middle below.
Write the recipient's name, detailed address and sender's name in the lower right corner.
Write the sender's zip code in the small box in the lower right corner of the envelope.
(2) Learning guidance
To master stylistic knowledge (rather than rote memorization), we should also use these stylistic knowledge to guide reading and writing with the focus on solving problems and combining modern texts.
Common sense of literature
Including novels, essays, poems, common sense and understanding of the writers involved and the basic contents of their works.
1。 Novels, essays, poems
2。 Knowledge points. ....../& gt；
novel
① Features: Description, which reflects social life through the narrative of stories and the description between rings.
The second category: short stories (including novels), novellas and novels.
Three elements: the character, the beginning of the story, the development, the climax, the end, sometimes in the prologue, and then at the end of the year, under certain circumstances, the character.
④ Character description: positive description: appearance, language, movement, psychological description and profile description.
essay
& lt/① Features: Prose (in a narrow sense) is a free, flexible and emotional descriptive style.
② Content: The material, or the scenery, or the feelings recorded in the "notebook" are always about the deep experience of life.
(3) Subjective feelings in form, mainly based on personal lyricism, with comprehensive expression of lyricism, narration, description and discussion; Structure and wording, or distinct levels, flexible structure or form, concise and beautiful language, unique. poetic sentiment
Features: Emphasis on lyricism, rich imagination and vivid pictures. The language is implicit, concise, and rhyming sentences are big.
The figure is neat, the rhythm and music are beautiful.
Genre: Poetry has evolved into many different forms in the long historical process.
/& gt； From the literary point of view, poetry includes poems and songs, which are divided into traditional poetry and poetry. The traditional poetic style also includes ancient (also known as poetry, archaic poetry, compared with modern poetry) modern poetry (including classics and quatrains), poems by literati poets and folk music (poems handed down by the people, created collectively or created by poets of folk music genre). Vernacular poetry since modern poetry (compared with traditional poetry, it is also called free poetry, modern poetry and "5 D"). Rhyme, some don't rhyme), folk songs, prose poems.
Content can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems and philosophical poems.
3。 About writers and their works
Learning point
Important writers with basic characters and their works can accurately remember the author's name (no typos are required), (nationality) and the era of evaluation, the author, title and source of the work.
Modern and contemporary writers: Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Lao She, Ye Shengtao, Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo, Bing Xin, Zhao Shuli, Zhou, Di, Zang, Yang Shuo, Xiao Gan, Wei Wei, Ai Qing, Jing, He Jingzhi, Gong Liu and Ke Yan.
Such as: China ancient poets and writers: Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Du Fu, Mu, Wang Wei, Han Yu, Liu, Fan Zhongyan, Liu Yuxi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Wanli, Wan Zhiyuan, Pu, Cao Xueqin and Wu.
Such as: China's ancient literary works and authors: The Book of Songs, Zuo Zhuan (Yu Heng), The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Han Feizi (
Such as: foreign writers and their works (Han Fei), Historian Sima Qian's Historical Records, Li Qunyu Kou, Song Chile and Mulan. Andersen and the emperor's new clothes, dude and the last speech, Chekhov and the chameleon, and Uncle Zhu, Mark Twain and the running governor, Gorky Haiyan, ostrovsky and the meaning of life. "
Examination questions: In the comprehensive examination of this part of knowledge, we often choose to study the writer's works, read short answers, check the knowledge used, and analyze novels and essays.br/>
Look at the title and analyze the ideological content of the article.
Research methods: Knowledge should focus on using, reading and writing novels. Prose writers and their works will involve the text classification of the works of seven writers, including Zhu Ziqing and Wei Wei.
According to the classification of countries and dynasties, it is found that the poems in the Tang Dynasty include Sanqu, works and poems before the Fourth and Third Han Dynasties. Article 8 stipulates that only Peach Blossom Spring is from the Jin Dynasty, and individual writers and works are easily confused. For example, the poems written by Wang Wei and Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty praise the friendship of friends, which is different from Du Shaozheng's "Du Bohai's name is easy to remember and use". Another example of folk songs in the Northern and Southern Dynasties is a poem, a poem, Mulan's "Chile Song". Of course, many of these skills can be easily created and memorized by students.
The second part of reading
Learning point
Learning China's classical Chinese reading and China's classical Chinese pronunciation, punctuation and sentences aims at understanding the main points of the article. In these five aspects, the classic and excellent text recitation in China in recent years in order to better improve reading ability has also expanded the obvious and classic reading outside the textbook.
Guided learning:
1。 Correct pronunciation:
Teaching materials (reading notes) and books, read the correct pronunciation China classics; The names of disyllabic words, interchangeable words and ancient place names still retain ancient words. The focus of these studies.
2, learn to break sentences:
On the basis of understanding sentence meaning reading, the pauses between words are mostly based on the background. There were no two adjacent monosyllabic words in ancient China, so don't misread them as modern compound words in China. According to the background of modal particles, sentences that can start with a longer sentence are paralyzed.
3。 The purpose of understanding this sentence is:
(1) Texts and books to understand the meaning of sentences.
(2) Understand the changes of ancient meanings and the understanding of correct sentences.
The purpose of this sentence is to understand it in context.
4。 Exquisite excerpts will be restored soon, so that you can remember them firmly. First, read the standard text, word by word, don't lose words, read and recite word by word.
Until it is time to recite a new text, the most important thing is to read it correctly, and it is difficult to correct or mispronounce it. Secondly, although it is back reading, in order to accurately understand the understanding of the existing content. Third, recite a long article, cut it into small pieces, and "break ten thousand". Fourth, association, physical exercise and memory recitation counseling. No one can remember a continuous exam once, and repeated training can enhance memory. Sixth, the difficulty and error reciting center focuses on writing notes.
5. Summary of main points
In the content of the article, the general questions are: what to write, what Syrian characteristics are there, what items are there, and what is the truth. To answer these questions, we need to strengthen layers of understanding. The reading method of the article is the same as Modern Chinese and China Classic. Although it is far from our life, its learning has a clear scope, whether it is knowledge or main textbooks. If ordinary students are willing to make great efforts, the classic effect will be better.
The third part is the reading of modern literature
The study of understanding needs the reading of modern Chinese in junior middle school.
Learning point
Today we live in an information society. A lot of information can be obtained every day, and reading is the main channel to obtain information. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate the reading ability of modern Chinese. According to the new curriculum, junior high school students should master reading skills, which is summarized as 6:00:
1。 Read the general modern text, you can understand the meaning of words and phrases in the text, and now solve the ideological content of the article.
2。 The idea of understanding? An article clarifying the structure, according to the center of the product.
3。 Understand the writing of the article, analyze what these methods are to express, and highlight the central service (writing methods)
4。 Read the article, the article can be summarized as words, and learn how to express it.
5。 According to different stylistic features, read the articles in the anthology. Familiar with and recite the basic contents of articles and paragraphs.
6。 The content of the article is evaluated and innovated.
research method
1。 Read the article
Important signs of reading an article: write an article, what is the purpose of writing these contents, the words used in the surface center, and the words used in the expression center, and what kind of function they have. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
The concept of part, summarizing the meaning of a paragraph, has two meanings, and the only question that can be set is the first level in Italy.
Summarize the title of the proposed chapter, explain the characteristics of the stone arch bridge, and clearly explain (the correct introduction of the characteristics of the stone arch bridge is too general: beautiful and solid structural form)
Ma Yuxiang was angry and asked for small achievements. Ma Yuxiang was brave and not afraid of sacrifice. The most important thing is to show Ma Yuxiang's spirit of internationalism.
Lack of context, such as the design of "Hui", the words "My tears are flowing" and "He" express the meaning of the past. The correct analysis should be related to the sadness I saw my parents before. At that time, my tears were separated from my father. When I looked at his father, my tears flowed out, indicating his love.
2, textbook examples, learn to master reading
Experts have selected healthy, positive, rigorous and standardized texts in terms of ideological content. The structure of the article is a simple, coherent and appropriate example in Chinese textbooks. Learning to master reading is the best way. The focus of the basic table of this paragraph should be strengthened, and the study should be done step by step, and the extracurricular part should be analyzed by reading. It may be a read-only exam chosen after class.
3。 The training of reading ability and basic skills is embodied in the specific and comprehensive articles of "articles" and "paragraphs" and in the various abilities involved in the articles. "Duan" is short and pithy, easy to master; Training can eventually master various reading methods and use different body "segments".
(1) What is the content of the whole read-through segment?
(2) Strengthen the research on the effect of each sentence.
(3) Study the relationship between them. In this period, the purpose of this sentence is to close some meanings classified as broad layers.
(4) according to the relationship between the layers, summed up the meaning of the paragraph, this paragraph
(5) Look at this and the expected writing.
4. Learning to analyze is broadly representative.
Modern text reading not only examines students' understanding and judgment ability, but also examines students' expressive ability, and has the ability to express students' own weaknesses. How to analyze and summarize the content of the article and several methods?
(1) Summarize with a sentence of a good article.
General questions require an overall understanding of the student center. Read the original text carefully and see the central sentence of the original text. Using the central sentence is simple and accurate. Are there any central sentences, changing key sentences, or their combinations, or abstract keywords? There is no clear expression in the article, and then it is organized in its own language and expressed concisely.
(2) Role analysis, role analysis in the context of combination.
In the context of explaining this word, look at its meaning and explain its function. "My child knows her love, and what we deliberately don't want to do is to show the child's innocence, intelligence and playfulness for a long time." Cunning means "cunning eyes, outstanding feelings, and we love our teachers." Similarly, this time, Cai helped me criticize my "opposition" and wrote to comfort me, saying that my heart was full of water, classmates. Functional analysis of "comfort". It should explain the meaning of comfort and health care under the persuasion of "comfort", which will help to curb the performance of "I", a teacher I love. As can be seen from the above two examples, the actual paragraph of this section is combined with the Italian context. Because the content (meaning) of the article written by the author serves the performance of any word and sentence chosen.
(3) Analysis of the internal relations between sentences should be combined with specific content.
(4) The function of fixed center, analyzing writing method.
Part 4: Articles
Learning point
According to the requirements of writing ability under the new curriculum standard, you can write a simple narrative, understand the requirements of the new curriculum standard, such as expository writing, argumentative writing, general practicality, make true thoughts and feelings, be healthy, be specific in content, clear in center, clear in organization, fluent in words, without typos, correct in punctuation, correct in format, standardized and neat in writing. The habit of making an initial fuss. In fact, the most important content of junior high school composition test is to write narrative, so the writing of main narrative is particularly important.
On the basis of understanding the outline of composition grading standards, the grading standards for writing articles are generally given from the following three aspects. First of all, writing requires neat handwriting, correct punctuation, and standardized writing format, which meets the requirements of about one quarter 10 of the essay. The second is the content. According to the requirements, the composition conforms to the problem, the center is clear, and the specific content and meaning are clear. This part accounts for about one-third of the total score of the article, accounting for about 20 minutes. Third, expression requires that the composition structure is reasonable, the level of detail is appropriate, the language is fluent, the description is specific, and the description parameters are correct. This part accounts for about half of the total writing score, about 30 minutes.
It can be seen that the scoring standards of writing in three aspects are also relatively high in exam composition, center and language requirements.
research method
1。
Understand that the best way to establish a center is to study the outline. Thinking articles explain a truth according to the required theme (that is, the center of the article), then consider the preparation of these materials, determine the degree of detail of the information, and then arrange the structure to write an outline. Then, in the second restraint, look at the requirements of your own outline topic. If there are differences, sometimes (it is too late to avoid rewriting) the article can be deducted from the topic, which is in line with the meaning of the question.
2。 Understand the correct explanation and discuss the expression.
Composition can highlight the center of the event, and the characters should have a detailed description of "cooperation". The detailed part should be that you and others should accomplish one thing together, and then describe in detail how you insist on the cooperation between them. This has nothing to do with the content. You can simply write a few words, or even not write.
Appropriate narrative discussion is also very necessary, usually at the end of the year. Ending a call can make the finishing point and highlight the center at an appropriate time. It should be noted that this statement must be the edge of the argument and the narrative content of things, or talk about its significance, or reveal its own laws, or show its attitude.
3。 Several problems that should be paid attention to
Libraries have languages.
In writing, you should read more books, memorize articles and write wonderful paragraphs.
② Practice with language training.
At ordinary times, we should strengthen the fragments of writing exercises, such as imitating writing, rewriting abbreviations, and developing writing.
(3) Fine writing and combination of writing.
A good article is not a change of words; Write with your heart, how to write the exam composition,
In my hand, my heart theme needs articles.
BR/>； We usually write and practice our writing skills. The composition test is oriented to expand the writing level and accept choices. In order to prevent "fiction", the composition of the topic is usually different, that is to say, the vast majority of candidates have not told their own topics, and they cannot judge whether the candidates' scores are fair by partiality. It is a set of detailed grading standards. Therefore, we must make great efforts to find out the requirements of the topic and write the theme in strict accordance with the requirements. No matter how high the writing level is, if you don't follow the required theme, you won't get higher scores. Sometimes candidates' writing topics are usually very similar and can't be copied. According to the topic, you are also strictly required to write the theme according to the envisaged requirements.
2. Written at the end of the year and the beginning of the year
We usually started writing courses for candidates at the end of last year, and schools can be used in the classroom. What the marking teacher likes best is the topic he started writing, because the important thing of grading is irrelevant. By the end of the year, what the marking teacher likes best is to collect the highlighted texts in the keynote speech, because the complete structure is the more important score.
3. If you understand
Some students' writing is considered that everything in daily life is fine. However, time is limited, and candidates' compositions are carefully worded, but the shackles hinder the expansion of ideas. Someone is transplanting shelves with a pen. A simple sentence takes several turns to write. This article looks uncomfortable, so it's better to write it in vernacular, whatever you want.
4. Pay attention to paragraphs
Some students like to write three paragraphs, with a short tail and a short middle paragraph. The reason why this article is poor is that all the contents are squeezed into the second paragraph. A large section is divided into several small pieces in the middle, so it is clear horizontally.
5. Write the first sentence of each part.
The first sentence of each paragraph, if the person in the foreground writes this sentence, every look, the whole paragraph becomes spiritual. What is the best thing to write in the first sentence of each part? A written essay can summarize the center of a sentence in a whole paragraph. Our composition teacher, because he is not so calm in signing, reads as usual, and he can find the center of the first sentence of each work. It is convenient to read our article.
6. Try to roll as little as possible.
In an article, changes are inevitable, but big changes will affect the neatness of the article. If you really can't do it, you must use standard symbols and remember "graffiti". In addition, the adjustment will also affect the order of the drum surface as the cleanest coil surface.
It depends on which aspects are weak. Basic knowledge allows you to do more problems, accumulate more reading and writing, and read more. There is no rule about which book to read, and even the same romance novel can help.
It also needs patience and confidence, sometimes boring language. Classic pen and paper, active in thinking, helpful in language, clear in thinking, and easy to remember when writing a paper, so it is very important to know the intention and meaning of the article in Utah. More importantly, read more books, so that your reading ability will be greatly improved! , literary talent is considerable.
The rotten wood of the picture and home is indomitable and indomitable, and the stone can be carved.