In drama, as early as13rd century, the glory of Yuan Zaju appeared. Guan Hanqing is one of his representative figures, who wrote 70 zaju in his life. The relaxed, lively and humorous comedies Dou Eyuan, Saving the Wind, and Lu Zhailang, a case-solving drama advocating justice and lashing evil, are historical dramas that roll up the times. It not only shows the richness, maturity and heaviness of China's plays, but also combines the advantages of Tang poetry and Song poetry, expanding the function of poetry from general chanting to singing with music, and closely combining poetry and song.
The unique forms of expression and artistic charm of Tang poetry and Song poetry give full play to the potential of language. It is catchy, forceful, changeable and orderly, and Mao Zedong, a great man of the times, not only inherited its excellent tradition, but also pushed this art to a new peak.
As far as novels are concerned, there was a "loose version" in the Song Dynasty more than 1000 years ago, which marked the literary style of citizens. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, two novel masterpieces appeared, namely, Shi Naian's Water Margin and Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. These two great novels have a wide range of contents and great momentum, with more than 100 characters, enjoying world reputation.
China's modern literature, which was born, developed and gradually matured in the revolutionary storm (from the new literature in the May 4th period to the socialist literature since the founding of New China), is more advanced, more reasonable and more excellent. Walking at the forefront of progressive literature in the world today. The True Story of Ah Q, Midnight, Home, Spring, Autumn, Storm, The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River, The Story of Storm, Defending Yan 'an, Red Flag Spectrum, Hongyan, Oriental, Hongyan, Hongyan, Thunderstorm, Sunrise and Teahouse. The poems of Guo Moruo, Ai Qing, He Jingzhi, Guo Xiaochuan, Li Ji, etc. all reached the palace of world literature with the unity of revolutionary political content and perfect artistic form, weaving a more dazzling wreath for the brilliant China literature.
Throughout the 3000 years of China literature, we can see that its development has the following five characteristics:
1. In the long course of the development of China literature, the tasks and functions of literature have always been valued. Confucius in BC (5565438 BC+0 AD/font > 479) first put forward poetry (literature): "You can flourish, observe, group and complain. Your father is the most important thing. You know more about the names of birds, animals and plants. " Cao Pi, the Wei Emperor of the Three Kingdoms, attached great importance to the writing of articles, thinking that articles can be "learned by the country" and put forward: "It is an immortal event to build articles by the great cause of the country. Life is sometimes over and glorious. " The purpose of writing poetry is explained more directly: "Let the monarch submit, and then make the customs pure." In this regard, Bai Juyi said more clearly: "Articles are written in time, and songs and poems are written in things." The discourses of ancient poets, writers and literary critics on the tasks and functions of literature had a great influence on later creative practice and literary development. Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping critically absorbed the relevant literary functions of the past dynasties. Literature and art serve the people and socialism. Under the guidance of this thought, the literature in the Liberated Areas has made indelible achievements, and the literature in New China, especially in the new period, has achieved unprecedented development and prosperity.
Second, China literature has always been an open literature, constantly innovating or bringing forth new ideas in form and genre. For example, the development of poetry, from four-character poetry to five-character poetry and seven-character poetry, from classical poetry to modern poetry, metrical poetry and free verse. The development of prose started from pre-Qin prose to Han Fu and parallel prose, but from ancient prose in the "ancient prose movement". In modern times, the types and types of prose are all in short. The development of literature for thousands of years shows that China literature is always in a constant movement in artistic form and genre, constantly innovating and innovating.
It should be pointed out that the Chinese nation is a nation with a high degree of rationalization, and it can treat the innovation and revolution in literary form and genre comprehensively, dialectically and maturely. After the emergence of a new art form and genre, it does not deny the previous art form and genre, but allows various art forms and genres to compete freely. For example, after seven-character poems and seven-character quatrains occupied the main position in the field of poetry, five-character poems and four-character poems did not die out. Even today, it still exists. For example, today when we advocate new poetry, the creation of old-style poetry is still very prosperous, and the poems "Walk with me" and "Honor" are also very thought-provoking. In the Song Dynasty, Ci occupied a major position in the field of poetry, but the poems and songs in the Song Dynasty were also very distinctive. Even today, they are neck and neck brothers and sisters.