The source of this sentence is: Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu in Song Dynasty.
I extracted the original text containing this sentence for your reference:
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
The original text of this passage translated into vernacular Chinese is like this:
At this time, I am very happy to drink and sing to the beat. The song sings: "laurel wooden boats and vanilla paddles are flapping clear waves in the moonlight and going upstream on the moonlight water." My feelings are far away, looking at the beauty (monarch), but in the horizon. " There are also guests who can play the flute, accompanied by the rhythm of the song. The sound of the flute is like mourning, like hope, like weeping, like complaining, and the lingering sound echoes on the river like silk. Can make the dragon in the deep valley dance for it, can make the widow in the lonely boat cry for it.
Here are some words that I think are more important. Let me explain to you separately:
Buckling: to beat the ship's side, referring to the beat, the ship's side and the ship's side.
Blowing the sky and tracing the streamer: paddles hit the moon and float clear water, going upstream. Back: Upstream. Empty, streamer: refers to the moonlight floating on the clear river.
Vaguely, I am pregnant. My thoughts drift away. The ethereal and distant appearance. I care about _ _ "Mrs. Xiang" with my eyes, and my feelings in my heart.
Beauty: This is the style of Qu Yuan borrowed by Su Shi. Use beauty to refer to the monarch. Most ancient poems mention people they miss and yearn for.
Song harmony (hè): Rhythm harmony. Lean: follow, follow and respond.
Resentment is like longing, and crying is like complaining: it's like mourning, longing, sobbing and pouring out. Complain: sadness. Mu: Attachment.
Aftersound: over. Curl: describes the long and soft sound.
Thin thread: A thin thread.
Dive into the deep valley: deep valley: this refers to the abyss. The dragon in the deep valley was moved to dance.
Cry for the widow in the lonely boat: let the widow in the lonely boat cry sadly. Li: A woman who lives alone, here refers to a widow.
It may be difficult to understand the meaning only by reading the article, so it is better to understand it in combination with the creative background of the article at that time:
The Red Wall Fu was written during Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou, which was one of the most difficult periods in his life. In the second year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1079), Su Shi was accused of slandering the imperial court for writing the poem "Xie Shangbiao in Huzhou", impeached by the imperial censor, and accused of slandering the imperial court, which was known in history as "Wutai Poetry Case". "After several reconstructions", he was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in1February of that year and was demoted to deputy ambassador of Huangzhou Youth League Training, but "no official contract, no unauthorized placement." This is undoubtedly a "semi-prisoner" controlled life. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi visited Chibi twice in July 16 and 10/5, and wrote two poems about Chibi. Later generations called the first poem "Red Cliff Fu" and the second poem "Back Red Cliff Fu".
Having said that, let's appreciate and comment on this article together:
This poem describes what the author and his friends saw and felt when they went boating in Chibi on a moonlit night. Taking the author's subjective feelings as a clue, through the form of subject-object question and answer, it reflects the author's liberation from boating on a moonlit night to drawing lessons from a painful experience and then to philosophy. Quan Fu embodies its unique artistic conception in layout and structural arrangement, with deep feelings and profound thoughts. It has a high literary position in the history of China literature and has a great influence on later Fu, prose and poetry.
The first paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author dived into the embrace of nature, enjoyed the beauty of cool breeze, white dew, mountains, flowing water, moonlight and skylight, and recited the first chapter of the Book of Songs, "The moon is shining in the sky." Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, expecting her Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following song cloud created by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving the sky", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to have incomparable attachment and affection for tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, tourists are open-minded and unrestrained, so they leave the world in a small boat, drifting with the flow and detached from things. The vast river and free and easy mind jump out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a passage in this article that positively describes "boating" and enjoying the scenery. Lyric with the scenery, the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration in thinking about "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " This lyric all adopts the meaning of "Songs of the South, Less Thinking": "Look forward to a beautiful future and sing a magnificent song in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, Hakka plays, according to its songs, Xiao's tone is sorrowful. "If you complain like a hope, you cry like a complaint, and the sound is like a wisp", in fact, it attracts the dragons hidden in the ravine to dance and makes the widows in the lonely boat cry. One of Dong Xiao's songs is sad and tactful, and its sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article is also ups and downs.
In the third paragraph, the author's answer shows a negative outlook on life and nihilism. Oppose the nature of human society and the universe, and separate individual people from society as a whole. Of course, we can't see the endless drama on various historical stages, and we can't see that although human beings rely on nature, they have more initiative and creativity in transforming nature. This is the epistemological root of pessimistic or negative fertility thought. For the literati in feudal society, when they are frustrated politically or encounter setbacks in their lives, they often fall into such frustration and confusion. So is Su Shi. The guest's answer is actually one aspect of Su Shi's thoughts and feelings after his relegation to Huangzhou. Didn't the word Niannujiao also say that "life is like a dream"? Such thoughts and feelings, as an abstract understanding of social life, are expressed in poetic language by Su Shi in combination with the characteristics of scenery and place, from history to reality, from concrete to general, so that readers do not feel any boring preaching at all. More importantly, Su Shi also criticized the guests' answers in poetic language by combining the characteristics of scenery and places, showing another dominant aspect of Su Shi's thoughts and feelings at that time. The full text begins with "Yue" and enters the fourth paragraph.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of the guest students in order to understand each other. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took Jiang Yue Ming Yue as a metaphor and put forward that "the deceased is like this, but never had it; If the surplus is lacking, the dead will not ebb and flow. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; From the same point of view, things and human beings are endless, so we don't have to envy rivers, bright moons and heaven and earth. Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for my life for a moment." This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, in the face of adversity, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state, get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in the world has its own owner, and individuals can't force it. The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the moon is eternal, the world is selfless, and music entertains people. The author can wander around and enjoy himself. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy, and Yushan won't be pushed", and then it deepened.
Because the guest once said that he "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and hoped to "hold the bright moon for a long time", Su Shi picked up the scenery in front of him and started with the river on the ground and the moon in the sky: "Does the guest know her husband's water and moon?" This sentence is like a "guide plate" in Peking Opera, which will lead to a wonderful aria, and the questioning tone shows that guests can't actually get a correct understanding of the philosophical category of brevity and eternity from Jiang Yue. As for the river, Su Shi thinks that "the deceased is like a husband, but it has never happened", which means that the river runs day and night. As a section of the river, it did disappear from here, but as a whole river, it has been flowing, so it can be said that it never existed. As for the moon, Su Shi thinks that "the surplus is lacking, and the years don't ebb and flow", which means that the moon is sometimes perfect and sometimes incomplete, but after it is missing, it returns to the circle, and so on, without any increase or decrease, which can be said to be "ebb and flow". By enumerating the dialectical relationship between the river and the moon, the author summarizes the general understanding principle: "If we look at its own changes, the world can't be in an instant; From the point of view of invariance, things are infinite ... "That is to say, change and invariance, whether the universe or life, are relative. From the perspective of change, it is not only a hundred years of life, but also an instant, that is, it has always been recognized as everlasting, but it has never remained normal even in a blink of an eye; And from a constant point of view, everything in the universe is endless, but in fact, life is endless. Therefore, for the day when life and all things in the universe, "what is there to envy?" Naturally, there is no need to "mourn his life". The elder said that "the breeze and the bright moon don't cost a dollar" just fits the scenery in front of Su Shi. "The breeze on the river" sounds, while the "bright moon in the mountains" is colorful, with endless mountains and rivers, selfless heaven and earth, long-lasting romance and beautiful scenery. He can wander around and enjoy himself. This comes back to the word "music". ?
The article writes a dialogue between subject and object, expressing both positive and negative views, and ends with the fifth paragraph. In the fifth paragraph, the writer was persuaded by Su Shi, with a bright face, but a sad face. "The guests are happy and the washing is more appropriate." This time, I am more cheerful, and I can't help but drink "all the dishes are gone, and the cups and plates are messy." The guests solved their ideological problems, felt comfortable and carefree, so they echoed Su Shi's "Harmony on the boat, I don't know that the East is white" and the "boating" and "Moon Out" at the beginning of the article. I woke up with a pillow, the night scene passed, the trip to Chibi was over, and an article "Red Cliff Fu" was over. After boating on the river and listening to a dialogue about the life of the universe, readers are still immersed in the poetic artistic conception expressed by the author's beautiful style for a long time.
Su Shi's outlook on the universe and life can only be said to contain certain rationality, because the author does not agree to see the absoluteness of the problem and pays attention to the dialectical relationship between things. But it can't be considered scientific, because the author follows Zhuangzi's relativism, negates the objective standard of measuring things and obliterates the actual boundary between things and quantity. At the same time, Su Shi's world outlook and outlook on life show his contempt for political persecution, his persistence in the ideal he pursues, and his openness, cheerfulness, optimism and self-confidence in adversity, but also his detached attitude towards life. This attitude towards life often includes helpless self-comfort, seeking spiritual sustenance from the lingering scenes. So, in the sentence "What do you envy?" He turned his pen and wrote, "Besides, everything between heaven and earth has its own owner, and it is not advisable to take it unless it is me." However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible, inexhaustible treasures of the creator, and my son and I are very suitable. Su Shi believes that people should not envy the infinity of all things in nature because of the moment of my life, but should enjoy the infinity of all things in nature and get pleasure from it.
This Fu has the following artistic features:
The integration of emotion, scenery and reason, whether lyrical or argumentative, never leaves the scenery on the river and the story of Chibi, forming the integration of emotion, scenery and reason. From beginning to end, the scenery runs through, with romantic scenery as the main factor, supplemented by mountains and rivers. The author describes and discusses the wind and the moon. The article is divided into three layers to express the author's complex and contradictory inner world: first, writing about boating on the river on a moonlit night, drinking wine and writing poems, so that people are immersed in the beautiful scenery and forget the secular happy mood; From mourning the rise and fall of historical figures, I feel that life is short and changeable, so I fall into the depression of reality; Finally, the philosophy of change and invariance is expounded, which shows that human beings and everything exist forever and show an optimistic attitude towards life. Scenery, lyricism and reasoning have reached a harmonious level.
In this paper, the genre form of "prose as fu" not only retains the characteristics and charm of traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence pattern and rhythm, and is more composed of prose, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the incisive artistic conception of prose. The style of prose makes the whole article feel depressed and frustrated. For example, Fountain Fountain is different from Fu's emphasis on duality, and it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the paragraph, "Autumn is endless, July is looking forward to it, perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff", and the whole article is full of loose sentences, which means sorting out. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme changes often in a paragraph, which makes this article especially suitable for reading, and the rhyme is very beautiful, which embodies the advantages of rhyme.
The image is coherent and the structure is rigorous. The coherence of scenery not only makes the whole article look like a whole in structure, but also communicates the emotional context and ups and downs of the whole article. Writing the scenery at the beginning is the appearance of the author's broad-minded optimism; Singing while Seizing the Boat was born out of the scenery of "emptiness" and "streamer", and the transition from "happiness" to "sadness"; Guests worry about the wind and moon, and their mood turns into depression and negativity; Finally, the discussion on the variation of all things and the philosophy of life is drawn from The Bright Moon and the Breeze, so as to dispel the sadness in my heart. The repeated infiltration of the scenery will not give people the feeling of repeated delay at all. Instead, it represents the ups and downs of the characters, reproduces the changing process of the author's ambivalence, and finally achieves the perfect unity of poetry and discussion.
Finally, I believe everyone is familiar with the author Su Shi. Here I will briefly introduce:
Su Shi, (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24, 0),No. Zizhan, He Zhong, a famous Taoist of tin cans, Dongpo Jushi,No. Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (Sichuan Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.