Therefore, the author will discuss it from the perspective of quoting the image of China. The so-called "Chinese style" means that Bajiao used the image of China in China's poems in his haiku creation. These images are not only unique to China, but also directly derived from China's poems. Although the categories involved are very different, and the same haiku covers a wide range, it can be roughly divided into the following categories.
The images in myths and legends can be said that bananas are influenced by the images in China's poems, and are widely used in his haiku.
For example, "the Milky Way is full of waves, and you can learn many skills in water, so you can borrow a boat." [2] ? In a word, influenced by China culture, there are also Chinese Valentine's Day in Japan, and the fairy tale of Cowherd and Weaver Girl in Chinese Valentine's Day is also widely circulated in a foreign land. Banana imagines that if it rains heavily on Tanabata and the waves roll over the Milky Way, how will the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid meet? Then you must know a lot about water science in the shipping industry. Lend them the boat so that they can meet each other safely.
This haiku is unique in conception and completely unconventional. Choosing the image of "Galaxy" refers to the love story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which is full of affection and praises the beautiful love. Both the direct use of the image of "the Milky Way" and the myth and legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are owned by China: "The Cowherd is far away and the beautiful river is full of women" and "The river is shallow" in 19 ancient poems, what is the difference [3]? It is the earliest source of the image of the Milky Way, and it is also the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl from its embryonic form to its formation, which appears in poetry. Since then, China has more poems about this myth and legend.
The original intention of Mountain Road Chrysanthemum Wine is closely related to this story: the waiter was exiled for offending Zhou Muwang who wanted to live forever because of drinking chrysanthemum dew. This is a story that is almost known to women and children in Japan.
In a few years, such mythical and legendary images in China's poems will be applied to Japanese haiku, which will not only make haiku more magical and legendary.
Because China's poems frequently use allusions, historical allusions are also an extremely common category of banana haiku compared with myths and legends.
"It's interesting to enjoy cherry blossoms all night, since there are scoops" [5]? The meaning of this haiku is that banana enjoys itself in the cherry blossom season, gets carried away, stays under the cherry blossoms all night, and thinks about taking the gourd as his own name. This is easily reminiscent of China's world-famous disciple of Confucius, Yan Hui. Confucius answered, "Who is eager to learn?" : "food and drink, I can't stand it in the mean alley, and I won't change my pleasure when I go back."
In China's poems, there are many works that praise and learn from Yan Hui's spirit: Bai Juyi's Sixteen Imitations of Tao Qian Style (the ninth) is "The original clothes are knotted and the swallows eat them all." Happy but happy, you have to forget hunger and cold "[6]; Wang Wei's "Seven Pastoral Poems" Part V "A gourd ladle in Yan Hui's humble alley, with Mr. Wuliu opposite the door".
The image of "Wandering in Zhai Zhai" in Bajiao Haiku is also to praise and learn from Yan Hui's lofty ambition of being poor and happy, which is probably a different presentation of Yan-style poetry in other countries.
And in "white eyebrows spit incense, but I can't see where the white crane is going, lest it be stolen and hidden yesterday?" [7] ? Among them, "Bai Mei" and "Bai He" directly use the allusions of Lin Hejing, that is, Mei is his wife and the crane is his son, which makes the description of Bai Mei more colorful and legendary. Undeniably, these are all borrowed by Banana after being exposed to the allusions in China's poems and fascinated by the historical allusions depicted in China's poems.
The addition of images of historical allusions really gives banana haiku brand-new content, especially the colorful story behind an image, which is far more effective than an independent word.
Banana's transformation of haiku content also includes plants, and the images of plants visible in life are integrated into it, which not only makes haiku easy to spread, but also easier to be accepted.
"Plum blossoms bloom behind the mirror, and nobody cares, quietly announcing spring" [8]. This haiku is that Banana inadvertently noticed the plum blossom pattern carved on the back of the mirror, which bloomed in obscurity, and it was here that spring came quietly.
And "Plum Blossom" was first born in China. As one of the "four gentlemen" and "three friends who are cold", it is a tradition for plum blossom to enter poetry. The ancients raised plum blossoms in Lin Bu's "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden", "The shadows are shallow and the fragrance floats at dusk"; Appreciating plum blossoms and loving plum blossoms include Lu You's four poems "Xun Mei in the South of the City". The second part, "No one says anything when you are sad, and you will get plum blossoms for your company"; Yongmei and Plum Blossoms include Wang Mian's Mo Mei, "Don't praise lewdness, just leave fresh air full of dry Kun" and so on. Poetry about Mei has existed since ancient times, and the image of Mei is mostly indomitable, noble and tenacious. Here, Banana skillfully uses the Chinese image of "Plum Blossom" from afar, expressing the intriguing meaning.
The image of "chrysanthemum" in the above sentence "mountain chrysanthemum wine" originated in China, with a history of nearly 3,000 years. It first entered literary works in the Book of Rites, and chrysanthemum poems have a long history, such as Meng Haoran's Passing the Old People's Village, Waiting for the Mountain Holiday, and Chrysanthemum Time I Come Again. Ouyang Xiu's Huaisonglou and Wild Chrysanthemums are fragrant when they bloom.
The appearance of plant images in haiku is mostly related to the scenery and narrative of haiku, which has a unique charm.
In addition, in the traditional festivals, "the mid-autumn moon is bright and clear, the glow is like water, and you can walk around the pool for one night" [9]? Mid-Autumn Festival and Bright Moon are traditional festivals in China. There are countless poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival and the bright moon in China's poems. Only the image of "bright moon" has been grasped by poets of past dynasties. The joy of the full moon in Mid-Autumn Festival is not divided into regions and nationalities, and the image of "sweeping the grave" in the "Qingming" season is full of loneliness and sadness.
In terms of diet, "put it in a milk noodle pot, add more flames, and it will burn more brightly. When the night is cold, the interest will rise"? China's image "Noodles" originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and is the staple food in southern China. Tea pickers are graceful, hiding in tea trees, and sometimes smelling cuckoos? China's image "tea" originated in China, and the fashion of growing and drinking tea first spread to Japan.
These images can be found in China's poems, all of which are "Chinese-style" images unique to China. From this point of view, in the process of learning Chinese poetry, the all-encompassing and unique Chinese images in Chinese poetry left a deep impression on Bajiao, and they were used in haiku creation in the most intuitive way, including myths and legends, historical allusions, animals and plants, traditional festivals, diets and so on. The introduction of these Chinese-style images has made banana-style haiku stand out in the world of Nuo opera and made the world of Nuo opera look brand-new. After the author's screening, the specific data are shown in the table below.
(In view of the fact that haiku is a minority in China, and the relevant materials are extremely scarce, the author only collects and sorts out 205 haiku works from a handful of haiku works of octagonal opera. )
"According to the statistics of Mr. Wei Tuo's haiku works, it can be seen that the influence of nearly 265,438+00 quotations from Chinese poems can not be ignored" [65,438+0]. Nearly half of the existing more than 200 haiku poems incorporate the image of China, which shows that China's poems have a great influence on Bajiao's haiku creation. The application of this foreign image in haiku not only enriches the writing content of haiku, but also gives people a refreshing feeling, endows haiku with brand-new and vigorous vitality and plays an important role in the spread of haiku.
[ 1] ? Qi Jinling. China's poetry model in Matsuo Bashō's humorous works [J]. Anhui Literature, 20 1 1( 12).
[2] [4] [5] [7] [8] [9] Guan Sensheng Fu, Lu Jian. Japanese Haiku and China's Poetry —— A Comparative Study of Matsuo Bashō Literature [M]. Hangzhou: Hangzhou University Press, 1996: 1, 4, 8, 63.
[3] ? Sui Shusen. Interpretation of Nineteen Ancient Poems [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1955: 13.
[6] ? Gu Zhaocang, Zhou,. Selected poems of Bai Juyi [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1962:78.
[10] Matsuo Bashō and other Japanese classical haiku [M]. Translated by Lin Lin Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 2005:37.