1 955 65438+February1Thursday evening, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa parks was arrested for refusing to give up his seat on the bus. The leaders of the black community plan to start boycotting buses on the weekend next Monday morning. On the afternoon of Monday, February 5, 65438, Martin Luther King, a young pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, was entrusted to lead the boycott movement that had already begun, and delivered a speech at the mass rally of Holt Street Baptist Church that night. Kim Jong Il has less than half an hour to prepare his first political speech.
Kim stood there, silent for a while. The corridors and aisles of the church were crowded with people. They looked in through the window and up from the seats in the hall. When he spoke to this large group of strangers, his voice was low and his pace was slow, which was no different from the general opening remarks. "Tonight, let's get together and discuss a serious matter," he said. After a few words, he stopped first and then paused. After he finished, only three or two people in the crowd agreed with "yes", and the others remained silent. He knows this is a group of noisy people, but they are waiting to see how he guides them. "Generally speaking, we get together because we are American citizens first, and we are determined to make full use of our civil rights," he said. However, in a special sense, we came together because of the unequal treatment on Montgomery buses. There was a faint voice of approval from the crowd. Kim's sentences became shorter and his tone gradually improved. "This kind of unequal treatment is nothing new at all. The problem already exists. Just the day before, last Thursday to be precise, one of Montgomery's best citizens, please note, not only one of the best black citizens, but also one of Montgomery's best citizens, was taken away from the bus and arrested and imprisoned because she refused to give up her seat to the white man. "
At every pause in the speech, the audience should say "Yes" and "Amen". They follow Kim's rhythm closely, but their enthusiasm needs Kim to mobilize. King went on to talk about the law. He said that even under the apartheid law, it may be illegal to arrest Rosa parks, because there is no specific provision in the law to divide black areas and white areas on buses. "The law has never been clear on this point," he said, and a man in the audience echoed "Of course not" loudly. "I think I have legal authority to say this. I don't mean that I have legal authority, but I have the support of legal authority: laws, decrees and city rules have never been completely clear about this. " This sentence shows that Kim is a person who pays great attention to his speech, but the audience is unmoved. King returned to the special nature of the Rosa parks case. He said, "since it happened, I'm glad it happened to someone like Mrs. Parks, because no one doubts that her character is extremely noble, her personality is noble, and she has deep Christian beliefs." Everyone responded softly in unison: yes. King repeated, "She was arrested for refusing to stand up." The crowd began to get excited and followed Kim's unhurried speech.
He paused for a moment. "Friends, you should know that one day, people can't stand being trampled by oppressors any more," he shouted. At this moment, some people applauded and cheered, and the voice of "yes" formed a wave and came at him. The waves shook the earth and pushed one wave after another, as if there was no possibility of stopping. Just when I was about to calm down, a large group of people gathered outside the door shouted again and merged into higher sound waves. The thunderous sound is accompanied by a low roar, that is, the sound of feet stamping on the floor, which makes the sound so loud that it seems that it is not heard with the ears, but felt by the oscillation of the lungs. The loud noise rocked the building for a long time. One sentence touched everyone's emotions, making the typical echo of the black church ceremony transcend the noise of political gatherings and reach a realm that King has never experienced before. It's a bit like hiding a big rabbit in a small bush. When the church finally calmed down, Kim's voice rang again and lit a fire for the audience. "Friends, one day, people can't stand being thrown into the abyss of humiliation and enduring endless despair," he asserted. "One day, people couldn't stand the bright sunshine that was driven out of July and stood in the biting cold wind of the Alps in165438+1October. And ... "Kim continued, but the shouts in the crowd drowned out his voice. No one knows whether people make a hullabaloo about because he touched that nerve or are proud of the speaker's eloquent words. "We revel, we revel, because we can't stand it anymore," repeated Kim.
Maybe he's a little worried about the anger in the crowd. On one occasion, Kim talked about avoiding all kinds of traps in the boycott movement. He said, "We all know that we are not advocating violence." "We are no longer engaged in violent activities." Someone in the audience shouted, "Repeat that sentence! Repeat that sentence! " King went on to say, "I want the whole Montgomery and the whole country to know that we are Christians." He clearly said the word "Christianity". "Tonight, the only weapon in our hands is protest." When Kim paused, there was warm praise from the crowd. He joined the audience and spoke slowly. "If we are imprisoned behind the iron curtain of the country produced by * * *, we can't do this. We can't do this if we are locked in the dungeon of an authoritarian regime. However, the great glory of American democracy is reflected in the right to protest for the right thing. " When the voice of approval died down, Kim put forward the last reason to avoid violence, that is, to distinguish himself from the Ku Klan. Those white supremacy people are bullying in the south, intimidating black people. "No white people will be dragged away from their homes and taken to remote roads to be killed," he said, alluding to the Klan's tricks. "In our group, no one will openly despise the constitution of this country."
Kim stopped. The church was quiet except for the hum. "My friends," King said slowly, "I want you to know that we have a firm and brave determination to restore justice to the buses in our city. We're not wrong. There is nothing wrong with what we have to do. " The crowd gave a cry of suppressed expectation because they realized that Kim was approaching the core topic step by step. "If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this country is also wrong," Kim sang this sentence, deep and high-pitched, and his body swayed. "If we are wrong, so is Almighty God!" He shouted loudly, and the audience's mood rose as high as when he said he couldn't stand it anymore, and his voice reached the highest roof of the church. They are far from discussing the Rosa parks case or the bus law. Martin Luther King's last cry pushed these blasphemous words to the limits of his faith and the hearts of the audience. The voice kept rising until Kim's voice penetrated the voice and reached the point where it could not be louder. "If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth is just a utopian sleepwalker who has never been to the earth! If we are wrong, justice is just a lie. " This statement is really amazing. He had to wait for a while, and then, in a voice full of anger and ecstasy, he uttered his last words: "We are determined to fight in Montgomery until' fairness is like a wave, justice is like a river!'" "The shouts of the audience drowned out these two quotations from Amos. Amos was a prophet of Israel and a humble shepherd. He and the preacher Isaiah (son of Amos) are biblical authorities on justice that King likes to quote.
He restrained his emotions and then talked about the necessity of unity, protesting the necessity of maintaining dignity and the historical precedent of the workers' movement. Relatively speaking, this topic is secular, but the audience listened carefully. "Tonight, I want to tell you that it is not enough for us to talk about love," he said. "Love is one of the highest beliefs in Christianity, but there is another side, called justice. Justice is considerate love. Justice is to overcome the love of those who are contrary to love. " He said that God is not just a loving God. "God will stand in front of the country and say,' Don't move, you know I am God. If you don't obey me, I'll break your power backbone and cut off all contact with the world.' As soon as Kim's brave words came out, everyone in the audience shouted in an orderly way. "。 "Standing side by side with love is always justice," he said. "We should not only use persuasion weapons, but also use coercive weapons." He once again called for unity and cooperation. He quoted history and called on the audience to behave in a civilized way, so that future saints would look back on the blacks in Montgomery and say, "They are a group of people who have the moral courage to fight for their rights." He said they could do it. "God bless us so that we can finish our mission before it is too late." Someone replied, "Oh, yes." Jin added: "We should take these things into consideration when implementing the plan."
When Kim walked off the platform, the crowd was shocked and at a loss. The speech ended so suddenly that it was so frustrating. According to the law of speech, there will be a third climax at the end, and the audience is waiting for his guidance! A few seconds passed, and disappointment was replaced by memories and excitement. When Kim walked out of the church, applause was always with him, and the believers leaned over and touched him. That's how the bus boycott began. Within a few minutes after his first political speech, he felt a strong desire to communicate with strangers, whether they loved him or hated him like all prophets. He is only 26 years old this year, and his future life will be less than 12 years and 4 months.
Respondents: Richter scale 9 1 1- Douste VI10-28113.
Martin Luther King, a famous American black civil rights leader. 1929 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA on October 29th. His father is a church priest. 1948 received a bachelor's degree from morehouse university, 195 1 received a bachelor's degree from crozet theological seminary, and 1955 received a doctorate in theology from Boston university.
1954 became the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. 1 955 65438+February1day, a black woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man on the bus and was arrested by the local police. Martin Luther King immediately organized the Montgomery car strike movement and became the leader of the civil rights movement. 1964 Martin Luther king was awarded the nobel peace prize. 1968 On April 4th, he was shot dead by an assassin while giving a speech in Memphis, Tennessee.
1986 65438+ 10, President Reagan signed a decree stipulating that the third Monday in February every year is Martin Luther King Day in the United States.
Martin Luther King's famous speech "I have a dream" delivered at Lincoln Memorial in Washington on August 23rd, 1963.
Located in Atlanta, USA
The bronze statue of Martin Luther King.
100 years ago, a great American signed the Emancipation Declaration, and today we are gathered in front of his statue. This solemn declaration, like the light of a lighthouse, brought hope to millions of black slaves who suffered in the unjust fire that destroyed their lives. It is like a happy dawn, ending the long night that binds the black people.
However, today, after 100 years, we must face up to the tragic fact that black people are not yet free. /kloc-today, 0/00 years later, under the shackles of apartheid and racial discrimination, the life of black people has been squeezed. /kloc-today, 0/00 years later, blacks still live on a poor island in a rich ocean. /kloc-today, 0/00 years later, the black people are still in the corner of American society and realize that they are exiles in their homeland. We are gathered here today to make public this appalling situation.
In a sense, we are gathered in our capital today to demand the fulfillment of our commitments. When the founders of our country drafted the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they made a promise to every American, and they promised to give all people the inalienable rights to life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness.
As far as colored citizens are concerned, the United States has obviously failed to fulfill its promise. Instead of fulfilling this sacred obligation, the United States has given black people a bad check, marked "insufficient funds" and then returned it. But we don't believe that the bank of justice has gone bankrupt, and we don't believe that there are not enough reserves in the huge pool of opportunities in this country. So today we ask to cash a check-this check will give us a valuable guarantee of freedom and justice.
We have also come to this holy place to remind America that this is a very urgent moment. Now is definitely not the time to talk about calm or taking gradual sedatives. Now is the time to realize the promise of democracy. It is time to climb the bright road of racial equality from the desolate and dark valley of apartheid, to open the door of opportunity to all children of God, and to save our country from the quicksand of racial inequality and put it on the rock of brotherhood.
If the United States ignores the urgency of time and underestimates the determination of blacks, it will be fatal to the United States. If the bright autumn of freedom and equality does not come, the heat of black anger will not pass. 1963 does not mean the end of the struggle, but the beginning. Some people hope that black people can be satisfied as long as they vent their anger; If the country is calm and unresponsive, these people will be disappointed. Without the civil rights of black people, there will be no peace and tranquility in America. Before the day of justice comes, the whirlwind of rebellion will continue to shake the foundation of this country.
But for those who are waiting anxiously at the gate of the Palace of Justice, I have something to say. In the process of striving for legal status, we should not adopt the wrong method. We should not drink the wine of hostility and hatred to satisfy our desire for freedom. When fighting, we must always behave appropriately and observe discipline. We can't let our new protest turn into violence. We should constantly sublimate to the lofty realm of dealing with material forces with spiritual strength.
Now black society is full of great new fighting spirit, but it can't trust all white people. Because many of our white brothers have realized that their destiny is closely linked with ours, as evidenced by their participation in the parade and rally today. Their freedom is closely related to our freedom. We can't act alone.
When we take action, we must ensure progress. We can't go backwards. Now people who are enthusiastic about the civil rights movement are asked, "When will you be satisfied?"
We will never be satisfied as long as the black people are still persecuted by the police with indescribable cruelty.
As long as our tired bodies can't find motels beside highways and hotels in cities, we will never be satisfied.
As long as the basic activities of black people are only transferred from small slums where ethnic minorities live to large slums, we will never be satisfied.
As long as there is a black man in Mississippi who can't take part in the election, and as long as there is a black man in new york who thinks that voting is useless, we will never be satisfied.
Don't! We are not satisfied now and will not be satisfied in the future, unless justice and fairness are like the waves of rivers and seas, surging and rolling in.
It's not that I haven't noticed that some people attending today's rally are suffering from torture, some have just stepped out of small cells, and some have been madly persecuted in their places of residence because of their pursuit of freedom. They are teetering in the whirlwind of police brutality. You are a long-term victim of human suffering. Stick to it and firmly believe that it is a kind of atonement to endure the pain that you should not bear.
Let's go back to Mississippi, back to Alabama, back to South Carolina, back to Georgia, back to Louisiana, back to the slums and ethnic minority areas of our northern cities, knowing that this situation can and will change. Let's not fall into despair.
My friends, I tell you today that at this moment, despite all kinds of difficulties and setbacks, I still have a dream, which is deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this country will stand up and truly realize the true meaning of its founding creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, and all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hill in Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners can sit down together and talk about brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day, even Mississippi, where justice is hidden and oppression is rampant, will become an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that one day my four children will live in a country where they will be judged not by the color of their skin but by their character.
I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, Alabama will be changed. Although the governor of Alabama is still full of objections and objections to federal laws, one day, black boys and girls there will be able to go hand in hand with white boys and girls.
1964 65438+ 10, President Johnson met with Martin Luther King (first from left), Whitney Young (second from right) and James Farmer (first from right), leaders of African-American civil rights movement in the White House office.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day, the valley will rise and the mountains will fall; The bumpy road is smooth, and the light is exposed, shining all over the world.
This is our hope. I returned to the south with this belief. With this belief, we can hew out a stone of hope from the mountain of despair. With this belief, we can turn the harsh quarrel in this country into a beautiful symphony full of brotherhood.
With this belief, we can work together, pray together, fight together, go to jail together and safeguard freedom together; Because we know that one day, we will be free.
On the day when freedom comes, all the children of God will sing this song with a new meaning: "My motherland, beautiful king of thailand, I am song for you. You are the place where your father died. You are the pride of the original immigrants. Let freedom ring from every mountainside. "
This dream must come true if America is to be a great country. Let freedom ring from the mountains of New Hampshire! Let freedom ring from the mountains of new york! "
Let freedom ring from the snow-covered Rockies in Colorado! Let confession ring from the winding peaks of California! Not only that, but let freedom ring from the stone ridges of Georgia! Let freedom ring from lookout mountain in Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi Let freedom ring from every mountainside.
When we let freedom ring from every village, every state and every city, we will be able to speed up the arrival of this day. On that day, all the children of God, blacks and whites, Jews and Gentiles, Christians and Catholics, will join hands to sing an old black soul song: "Freedom at last! Free at last! Thanks to Almighty God, we are finally free! "
Martin Luther King was born in June, 65438 +0929 +65438 10+May in a black pastor's family in Atlanta, Georgia. Jin Yingguang learned how to love, sympathize and understand others from his mother. What I learned from my father is courage, strength, frankness and frankness. The seeds of strong hatred against racial discrimination germinated in the minds of young people long ago. 15-year-old Jin, smart and studious, jumped two grades in succession with excellent results, graduated from high school, entered Morehouse College, and became high flyers, the doctor and dean of Metz. Under the education of Dr. Metz, Kim's thought of not being afraid of violence was raised to a theoretical level.
At that time, the United States was at the peak of post-war economic development, and its strong political and military strength made it firmly sit at the top of the "free world" alliance. However, in the United States, blacks who once defended the cause of democracy in the war were discriminated and oppressed economically and politically. Facing the ugly and cold reality, Jin, who was only 17 years old, found that his true value was "serving God" and determined to be a priest for social equality and justice. From 65438 to 0949, he entered the famous Kraze Theological Seminary for two years and obtained a bachelor's degree in theology. Later, he entered Boston University to study religion and teach theology, and obtained a doctorate in theology. During his five-year college career, he swam tirelessly in the ocean of human knowledge. He devoted himself to studying Marxism, Lenin's * * * productism, French philosopher Renuville's individualism and Irish philosopher Bekele's moral idealism. He read the works of Plato, Rousseau and Tolo, and devoted himself to Nietzsche's "superman" philosophy and Gandhi's "non-violence". He did not simply and mechanically accept the thoughts of these thinkers, but regarded them as fertile ground for sowing his own beliefs, and gradually formed his own unique theoretical basis.
King believes that all men are created equal. Whether men and women, black and white, old and young, wise and stupid, whether people have the same hobbies, qualifications and property, they are all human beings and members of a thoughtful human family and should be respected.
Jin advocates selfless love, universal love, love for everyone, even love for the enemy. "The enemy doesn't love you because the enemy doesn't know what love is; We love the enemy, which is a redemption attitude towards everyone. "
Belief in human dignity and value, Christian fraternity spirit and Gandhi's uncooperative spirit constitute Jin's ideological basis and code of action.
1955 Kim led nearly 50,000 blacks to launch a massive boycott of buses, forcing the government to cancel the seat segregation system on vehicles. 1957 Kim was elected president of the Southern Christian Leaders Union. For justice and peace, he ran around shouting.
1963, in order to make people around the world pay attention to the problem of apartheid in the United States, King and other civil rights movement leaders launched a historic "March on Washington, DC" movement, demanding jobs and freedom. It was in this struggle that King delivered his famous speech "I have a dream". This struggle finally prompted Congress to pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which authorized the federal government to abolish racial segregation in public places and outlaw racial discrimination in public facilities and employment. He won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize.
However, no one expected that while Kim was trying to realize his great dream and running for an appeal, on the afternoon of April 4, 1968, a criminal gunshot cruelly shattered him and his black brothers and sisters in an instant, and all the beautiful and great dreams-Kim was murdered.