If you look at the war history of the Ming dynasty, you will find that no matter how miserable the Ming army is, no matter how critical the situation is, women will not be exchanged for peace, nor will land be ceded to pay compensation. Even if the mob attacked the city, even if the army besieged the capital, even if the emperor was unfortunately captured. Anyway, don't give up. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty were kind, playful and absurd. Yes, you may know how brave Zhu Yuanzhang was in the war, how wise Judy was, and how ridiculous Zhu Houzhao was when he later became Emperor Yongle. But every emperor in the Ming Dynasty was a wimp. You saw Emperor Chongzhen martyred, you saw the orthodox emperor captured but never begged for mercy, you saw Long Wu killed in battle, you saw Shao Wu captured and committed suicide by hunger strike, and the Ming Dynasty uprising. The single record of the Ming army is not the best in the world, but the Ming dynasty is indeed among all the empires in the ancient world with a history of 100 years. The only dynasty that did not sign any unequal treaties with other countries or forces and never gave in to any forces, even temporarily.
The Ming army was the longest resistance in the world after the national subjugation. They persisted in fighting the Qing Dynasty for 38 years. The Ming army can maintain such a lasting fighting power, not only because the Ming Dynasty itself is not a dynasty with weak folk customs. The emperors and people of the Ming Dynasty all had resolute and unyielding personalities. Whether it is the famous "Three Slaughters in Jiading" or "Ten Days in Yangzhou" in history, when you see the words "not leaving a hair, not leaving a hair", when you see that "since the beginning of June, the people of Jiading have spontaneously resisted the Qing Dynasty. Within two months, in more than ten battles, the people sacrificed more than 20 thousand people, which was called "Jiading Three Slaughters" in history. China has a history of 5,000 years, and the military strength of different dynasties has been maintained for different times. Throughout all the neglected or misunderstood history, only the despised Ming army has maintained its fighting capacity for the longest time, reaching nearly 300 years. In 276 AD, Daming didn't bend his knees for a moment.
Daming cursed the emperor "popularly" During Zheng De's reign, Emperor Zhu Houzhao wanted to travel, which was unanimously opposed by ministers. He personally killed more than a dozen ministers, but the ministers still made faces to stop him. In the end, Zheng De can only compromise. The cabinet of the Ming Dynasty has the right to veto the will of the emperor, which is unique in the history of China. Although this right is rarely used, it does exist. This is the bud of constitutional monarchy. Scholars in Ming Dynasty regarded flattery as revenge. No matter who it is, there is an Amin dynasty, and no flatterer has a good end. On the contrary, ministers whose reputations have been discredited have become the envy examples of all literati in the world. In the Ming Dynasty, we still remember the heavenly craft, Zheng He's treasure ship about 300 meters, the appearance of intensive labor workshops, the large-scale application of breech guns, and the influence of decadent Neo-Confucianism on attaching importance to objective reality. The theory of convincing people by reasoning first appeared in theory and practice, and gradually developed. By Chongzhen, millions of new books were published every year. By Qing Dynasty, the number of books in China was 65,438+0,000%. 2. The emperor protects the country and the monarch dies. When the Ming Dynasty was founded, the capital was in Nanjing and later moved to Beijing. The purpose of this move is to "protect the country and defend the country."
Because of the Manchu dynasty, some people tried their best to denigrate the Ming dynasty, as if it were the most useless dynasty. In fact, as long as you compare it carefully, you will find that the Ming Dynasty was actually the most upright dynasty in the history of China! Compared with the most powerful Han and Tang dynasties, the Ming dynasty is not inferior!
Mongolia suffered from the Ming Dynasty for a long time, while Xiongnu suffered from the Han Dynasty. Fools always relish that Ming Yingzong was captured in the civil fort, but Emperor Gaozu was surrounded by Xiongnu soldiers in Deng Bai for seven days and seven nights! The final solution is that the Han Dynasty went to give a gift to Khan's wife, let her blow a pillow, and let Emperor Gaozu live. The Ming Dynasty flatly rejected Mongolia's request to exchange property for Yingzong, and Yingzong would rather die than surrender. Finally, a new monarch of the Ming Dynasty defeated Mongolia. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to the Xiongnu Northern Expedition, and Ming Taizu personally marched into Mongolia. "Dare to make me strong, though far away!" It doesn't apply to the whole Han dynasty, and the Ming dynasty had similar glory.
Compared with the Tang Dynasty. Yes, in the early Tang Dynasty, the country was strong and salty. But after the Tang Dynasty? Rebels in the Anshi Rebellion, bandits in Huang Chao and Tubo barbarians all invaded Chang 'an. It can be compared that in the Anshi Rebellion and the Huang Chao Uprising, both Tang Xuanzong and Tang Xizong abandoned the capital and fled. There was never such an example in the Ming Dynasty. As we all know, one of the reasons why Emperor Yongle moved his capital from Nanjing to Beijing was that "the son of heaven protects his family". When being invaded, the Ming emperor personally kept the country at the front line. When Emperor Chongzhen was in Beijing, the situation was very critical. He was advised to move the capital, but he didn't go. He was advised to flee to Nanjing, but he didn't. He hanged himself in Jingshan Park and was loyal to his country. Think about it. It is far from the fact that Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty ignored two warehouses, which caused Beijingers to flee from Beijing. In the late Qing Dynasty, Emperor Puyi dragged out an ignoble existence and confessed to the Japanese invaders as his father.
No matter how much pressure the Ming Dynasty encountered, it did not bend its knees to surrender, nor did it cede territory to pay reparations. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, under the internal troubles and foreign invasion, the Ming Dynasty was still divided into two ways, stubbornly dealing with Manchu and Li Zicheng, and never gave up the desire that "the whole Liao country could be restored" and expanded to the territory outside the customs. From Ming Yingzong to Emperor Chongzhen's several battles in Beijing, the Ming Dynasty became more determined, and Enemy at the Gates still preferred to die rather than move the capital. "The emperor keeps his country, and the monarch dies and his country dies."
The last words of Emperor Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and the heroic words of Emperor Xuan Tong in the Qing Dynasty showed the different attitudes of the two emperors towards the national economy and people's livelihood:
Before he died, Emperor Chongzhen, fearing that Li Zicheng would hurt the innocent, wrote him a dead poem: "I want to cover my face with a crown and let the thief dismember the body without hurting anyone."
Xuan Di's Emperor Puyi said, "I don't care how many people the Japanese killed in northeast China and how much food and coal they took. As long as I am not allowed to be the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, I will not be reconciled. "
It is worth mentioning that the anti-Qing struggle in the late Ming Dynasty was more intense than the anti-Yuan struggle in the Southern Song Dynasty. The whole family threw themselves into the well, hanged themselves for their country and fought a battle. There were countless people with lofty ideals, and more than 8,600 people were later hunted down and recorded. They are honest, brave, martyrdom and easy to die, and they often write poems generously before they die. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were an unprecedented number of poems, mostly about loving the motherland and adhering to national integrity. I think this is the primitive spirit and national integrity of the Chinese nation.
When Emperor Chongzhen complained that hundreds of officials failed to go to court, when the bell of despair rang in the Forbidden City, the eunuch who struggled was killed by the sword of the rebel army. What Emperor Chongzhen didn't know was that his cronies started a wave of suicides the day before, because the outer city of Beijing had been breached on the first day.
Only a small part of the list of officials who committed suicide in the Ming Dynasty was extracted:
Dong Ge is a college student, and Daming Chongzhen served as the governor of Henan for two years, leading diligent work.
Foreigners do not quite understand this phenomenon. Any emperor Chongzhen can be as loyal as the late Ming Dynasty, and I don't know whether it is happiness or pain.
At the end of Ming dynasty, the number of loyal ministers, honest officials and righteous men committed suicide is amazing!