In the first month of the first year of Emperor Guangde's reign in the Tang Dynasty, Shi Chaoyi was defeated and committed suicide. Generals Tian Chengsi and Li Huaixian surrendered one after another. Henan and Hebei were successively recovered by the army. The "Anshi Rebellion" lasted for more than seven years before it was completely put to rest.
At that time, the poet Du Fu was living in Zizhou, Sichuan with his wife. When he heard the good news of victory, he couldn't help but be ecstatic. In the extreme excitement, he changed his past melancholy and reserved poetic style to a lively and lively poem. , hearty and unrestrained language, wrote this popular seven-rhythm masterpiece. The poem begins with "Suddenly spreading outside the sword to collect Jibei" and directly narrates the good news.
Jibei was the home base of the Anshi rebels and restored the northern part of the country, marking the collapse of the Anshi rebels and the reunification of the broken mountains and rivers. This is good news indeed for the poet who has been busy returning to his hometown for many years. The poet reflects his feelings of sadness and joy by writing about his tears as they flowed from a fountain and covered his clothes.
In the second couplet of the poem, the poet's surprise is expressed more vividly. With tears of joy, I look back on old ladies who have gone through hard times. Their old clouds have lifted, and they are immersed in joy. The happiness of relatives is the poet's greatest comfort. He's glad he's crazy. Collect poetry books and no longer have the inclination to read at my desk.
This catastrophe has finally passed like a nightmare, the poet can return to his hometown, and people will start a new life, so sadness turns to joy, and he is overjoyed. The psychological changes and complex emotions when "first hearing" the good news require a lot of pen and ink if written in prose, but the poet only used five words to describe it vividly: "the clothes are full of tears", which is enough to summarize it all.
1. Original text
"Wen Guanjun took over Henan and Hebei"
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Jianwai suddenly said that Jibei was taken over , the first time I heard it, my clothes were filled with tears. But seeing where his wife is worried, she writes poems and books filled with joy and joy.
It is necessary to indulge in drinking while singing during the day. Youth is a companion for returning home. That is to say, it passes through Wu Gorge from Ba Gorge and then goes down to Xiangyang towards Luoyang.
2. Translation
Outside Jianmen Pass, good news suddenly spread that the government troops had recovered the northern Hebei area. I was so happy that my clothes were filled with tears. Looking back at my wife and children, my worries have gone away, and I rolled up my poems and books. The whole family was overjoyed.
I want to drink and sing and go back to my hometown together. My heart and soul were already flying high, so I walked from Ba Gorge through Wu Gorge, then to Xiangyang and headed straight to Luoyang.
3. Notes
1. Wen: hearing and hearing. Official army: refers to the army of the Tang Dynasty.
2. Jianwai: South of Jianmenguan, this refers to Sichuan. Jibei: Generally refers to the area around Youzhou and Jizhou in the Tang Dynasty. It is the northern part of Hebei today and is the base area of ??the Anshi rebels.
3. Tears: tears.
4. Look back: look back. Wife: Wife and children. Where is the worry: Where is there any sadness? The sorrow has disappeared.
5. The scrolls of poems and books are filled with joy: rolled up randomly. It means that Du Fu can't wait to pack his bags and prepare to go back to his hometown. Ecstatic: almost crazy with joy.
Extended information:
Shi Chaoyi hanged himself in the first month of that year, ending the Anshi Rebellion. When Du Fu heard the news, he couldn't help but get angry, danced and sang the first seven laws. The first half of the poem writes about the surprise of the first news; in the second half, the poet prepares to return to his country, highlighting the joy of returning to his hometown.
The poetry of the whole poem is unrestrained, the word "happy" permeates everywhere, and the author's infinite joy and excitement are expressed with great enthusiasm. Therefore, it is called Du Fu's "first quick poem in life". After the news of the victory, the poet was surprised. The poet's thoughts and feelings come from the chest and rush.
The chin couplet is transferred to the inheritance and settles on "ecstasy", which is a higher peak of surprise. "Looking at my wife" and "managing poems and books" are two consecutive actions with a certain causal relationship. When the poet was filled with sorrow and joy, and his clothes were filled with tears, he naturally thought of his wife and children who had suffered together for many years. "Looking back" means "looking back".
It seems that I want to say something to my family, but I don’t know where to start. In fact, there is no need to say anything else. The sorrow that has enveloped the whole family for many years has disappeared. The relatives no longer have sad faces, but are smiling and beaming with joy. The joy of the relatives in turn increased the joy of the poet. The poet no longer had the intention to sit down at his desk, and rolled up the poem book casually, and everyone shared the joy of victory.
For someone who originally wrote a book, this is a very abnormal behavior. This unusual description appropriately shows the poet's ecstatic state of mind. "Hero" is the result of the first surprise, and the cause of the surprise caused by the following.
Because of "crazy joy", he indulged in drinking and singing, and then had the reverie of youth as a companion and returning home by boat, so the poem has the third couplet, "Singing in the daytime requires drunkenness, youth is a good companion." "Returning Home", the poet further exaggerated and sublimated the inner ecstasy.
The last couplet is the specific imaginary route back home. "Baxia" is the starting point, "Wuxia" is the must-pass destination, and "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are the poet's origin and hometown. . This sentence accurately expresses the poet's eagerness to return home and his joy at regaining the lost ground.
So it was called Du Fu's "first quick poem in his life" by his predecessors.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Wen Guanjun took over Henan and Hebei