The title is a bit of a clickbait. Of course, poets of the Tang and Song Dynasties did not learn any Western poetry rhymes, but some rhyming methods are common in Western poetry. Although it is also found in our traditional poetry, few people pay attention to it.
In "Chinese Poetry and Rhythm", Mr. Wang Li cited several rhyming methods similar to those of Western poetry: following rhyme, holding rhyme, and cross rhyme.
1. Running rhyme scheme
Running rhyme scheme is also called "continuous rhyme", with one or two lines rhyming and three or four lines rhyming (AABB).
Speaking of rhyme, Wang Li gave an example of Li Yu's "Midnight Song":
How can sorrow and hatred be avoided in life, and how can the love of ecstasy alone be limited! The dream of returning to the motherland makes me shed tears.
Who can go up to the tall building? I will always remember Qiu Qingwang. The past has become empty, still like a dream.
"Midnight Song" also has a more familiar name: "Bodhisattva Man". This is a rhyme-changing word card. There are 4 groups of rhymes in one ***. Let me see the rhyme situation
A group of rhymes, how can life's sorrow and sorrow be avoided: The seventh rhyme (group 1 Rhyme)
Group a rhyme, ecstasy alone, no limit to my love: the seventh rhyme (group 1 rhyme)
Group b rhyme, the dream of the motherland returns: the third Part rhyme (the second set of rhymes)
Group b rhyme, Juelai shed tears: The third part rhyme (the second set of rhymes)
Group c rhyme, Gaolou Who and Above: The second part rhymes (the 3rd group of rhymes)
The c group of rhymes, Changji Qiuqing Wangwang: the second part (flat), the second part (oblique) rhymes (the 3rd group of rhymes)
Group d rhyme, the past has become empty: the first part (flat), the first part (rhyme) rhyme (the fourth group of rhyme)
Group d rhyme, still like a dream Zhongzhong: The first part (flat), the first part (oblique) rhyme (the 4th group of rhymes)
The first and second sentences are a group of rhymes; aa, the third and fourth sentences The sentence is a set of rhymes: bb, and this combination of aabb is called sui rhyme. It can be seen that "Bodhisattva Man" uses two groups of sui rhymes: aabb ccdd.
After the May Fourth Movement, many modern poets learned the rhyming method of Western poetry. For example, Wen Yiduo's "Discovery":
Group a rhyme, I'm here, I shout, Bursting with blood and tears,
Group a rhyme, "This is not my China, no, no, no!"
Group b rhyme, I came, because I heard you calling me;< /p>
Group b rhyme, whipping the strong wind of time, holding a fire,
Group c rhyme, I came, I didn’t know it was an empty joy.
Group c rhyme, what I meet is a nightmare, where are you?
Group d rhyme, that is horror, a nightmare hanging on a cliff,
d Group rhyme, that is not you, that is not my beloved!
e group rhyme, I ask the blue sky, forcing the wind from all directions,
e group rhyme, I ask, (fist Naked breasts that beat the earth)
f group rhyme, I can’t get any news, I cried and called you,
f group rhyme, vomited out a heart,—— You are in my heart!
aabb ccdd eeff, Wen Yiduo is famous for his new poetry. In fact, he was also an expert in old-style poetry. However, after he went abroad to study and travel around, he returned to tradition: reining in his horse and writing old poems. In 1925, Wen Yiduo wrote "Abandoning the Old Poems Six Years Later and Re-examining the Qiantong Ji with Quatrains":
After six years of watching and imitating Jiuyi, he chanted it into "Ertongue". Tang Xian read through three thousand pieces of paper, reined in his horse and composed old poems.
2. Enclosing rhyme scheme
Enclosing rhyme scheme is also called "first and last rhyme scheme" and "enclosing rhyme scheme" - the first and fourth lines rhyme, and the second and third lines rhyme ( ABBA).
The example given by Mr. Wang Li is Su Shi's "Moon on the West River·Chongjiu":
It is drizzling on the top of the building. a, oblique rhyme
There are many flat lakes outside the river. b. Ye Pingyun
Back then, there was a horse show in Dongxu. b. It’s still a plain rhyme
Nanpu is desolate today. a. Back to oblique rhyme
Don’t regret that the yellow flowers have not yet been vomited. a. Oblique rhyme
Let’s learn from the pink to support each other. b. Ye Pingyun
You don’t need to look at the dogwood in the wine stall. b. Or Pingyun
Admire the present and past of the world. a. Back to oblique rhyme
Judging from the rhyme of the words, they all rhyme with the fourth part. However, this word card is a combination of flat and oblique rhymes, and the method is abba, abba, using two sets of holding rhymes.
3. Alternating rhyme scheme
Alternating rhyme scheme, also known as "crossing rhyme" and "line-breaking rhyme scheme", rhymes with one or three lines and rhymes with two or four lines (ABAB ).
Take a look at the poem "Ding Xifan" written by Wen Tingyun in the late Tang Dynasty:
Group a rhyme, the Han envoys left in the past, and entered the vocal rhyme
Group b rhyme, Climb the weak willows, break the cold plums, and have a flat rhyme
Group b rhyme, go up to the high platform. Ping tone rhyme
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Group a rhyme, Qianli Yuguan spring snow, Enter tone rhyme
Group b rhyme, When the wild geese come, the people will not come.
Pingsheng rhyme
Group a rhyme, the sound of the Qiang flute is extremely sad, Entering tone rhyme
Group b rhyme, Yue Pei Hui. Flat tone rhyme
The rhyme pattern is: abb abab, and the next four sentences are cross rhymes.
Mr. Wang Li also gave examples of several famous poems in the Book of Songs. There were also many poems at that time that used cross-rhyme. For example, the second half of "Qianfeng Quail's Running":
Group a rhyme, the magpie is strong,
Group b rhyme, the quail's running.
Rhyme a, people are unscrupulous,
Rhyme b, I think you are the king!
The rhyme pattern is: abab, which is a typical cross rhyme.
Conclusion
Our ancient poets often use rhyming methods, but use Western names. After the May Fourth Movement, it was still imitated by our new-school poets.
From another perspective, although there are many differences between Chinese and Western cultures, there are still many similarities. By learning from each other, we can better appreciate and analyze our traditional poetry.
@老街 Flavor
I am feeling melancholy when I leave, and I am worried about Chan Juan at the new moon. Is this poem by Liu Changqing a rhythmic poem or an ancient style?