In the composition exam, the first level is the examination of composition. Although the topic composition reduces the difficulty of examining the topic, it does not mean that the topic should not be examined, and it does not mean that you can be unconstrained when writing.
Topics are often led by materials, which means that there is a close relationship between materials and topics. A composition topic in the examination room embodies the painstaking efforts of many proposition experts, and every sentence and word in the material has many profound connotations.
We should find out the reins that control the galloping of horses in the materials-the key words that embody the theme. Only in this way can we get the intention of the proposition right and examine the material at a certain height, so as not to lose sight of one thing while writing.
If you turn a blind eye or glance at it just because time is tight, it will be difficult to grasp the center of the article and find a suitable starting point. In addition, we should seriously study the composition requirements.
Now the composition requirements are very broad, and you can choose your style freely. But it is not without requirements! If you choose a narrative genre, you should honestly write according to the rules of narrative. If you choose an argumentative essay, you must have arguments, arguments and arguments, and write honestly.
Don't confuse explanation with narration, lyricism with discussion. Writing poetry should have image and artistic conception, and writing drama should have sharp contradictions and conflicts.
"I'm not afraid of tigers, I'm afraid I'm not careful." We should carefully study the requirements of composition, read carefully, give full play to our strengths in writing articles, and pay attention to fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses.
Second, many people who are familiar with the field, or who are eloquent, are not filled with loose sand, but with "prefabricated components" with unified views and materials. Before the exam, we should also do some "prefabricated components", that is, practice in sections around a center, remember properly and master it skillfully.
On the basis of the existing "prefabricated components", we can change the angle and form a new article to meet the requirements of the examination proposition. How these "prefabricated components" become an organic whole also needs to be familiar, that is, to establish a familiar structural framework.
Try to choose a new angle, new form and new genre you know and build a unique and personalized framework. Then look at the framework, you can understand whether the full text is closely related to the topic. Does the material used meet the requirements of the topic? Is the full text specific and substantial? Are your views correct and your feelings healthy? Is the paragraph level clear? How to deal with the beginning and the end? In this way, there will be "the overall situation in the chest and the number of ways in the pen", which provides a reliable basis for the article.
If we follow the "outline" and "road", there will be no "short circuit" in the writing process, which will not only save writing time, but also improve the quality of composition. Third, the highlights are varied.
It can be a clever idea, a vivid detail description, a good sentence with rich connotations, a word with great personality, a refined word, or even a unique punctuation mark ... In short, it must be "glorious": there must be a "moon" without the "sun"; Without the "moon", there must be "stars"; Without "stars", there must be "fireflies". If there are no fireflies, then the composition can only wander at the "grassroots level"
Setting one or two bright spots in the article to make the marking teacher shine at the moment can cover up all ugliness, which can be considered from the following aspects: 1. Eye-catching headlines. The eye-catching title is a highlight of the whole article.
Only in this way can the reviewers pay attention to it and have a good impression on the articles they have never met. Take the lead in setting an example, which is an extremely effective means to improve the grade of composition.
The topic should be "big topic and small work", and the entrance should be narrow, so as to turn the broad scope of the original topic into a specific small scope and turn the big topic into a small one. Or draw up a topic by famous sayings; Or skillfully use rhetorical devices to draw up questions.
The title of the argumentative paper should be clearly seen; The narrative should be vivid. The title is bright and the words are shining.
2. A good start. The beginning is the first ray of "sunshine" shown to the examiner, which needs to be carefully created by the candidates.
It not only laid the foundation for writing, but also brought a good mood to the reviewers. 3. A meaningful ending.
The end of the article is as important as the title and the beginning of the article. However, some students hastily ended their casual work.
This will greatly affect the overall quality of the whole article. The end of the article should either follow the beginning and echo from beginning to end, or reiterate the point of view and ask questions again, or leave readers room for imagination.
The ending is the last "scenery" left to the commentator, and it must be a surprise for the commentator. "If she just turns her head and smiles, there will be hundreds of spells cast." 4. The sentence is full of literary talent.
If a good theme is the beating heart of a work, then beautiful language should be a beautiful face. Du Fu's "obsession with human nature, endless words" is even more obvious that this great poet is rigorous in his creation.
It is difficult to make a composition in an examination room full of literary talent. A passage or even a wonderful comment can not only sublimate the main idea of the article, but also give people a kind of spiritual feeling and enlightenment.
Individual sentences are expressed in a variety of flexible sentence patterns, individual paragraphs make good use of rhetorical devices such as parallelism and metaphor, and individual places are quoted properly, and words must be done and words must be expressed, which will win the favor of marking teachers. 5. moving details.
If the plot is the history of the development of the characters, then the details are the flesh and blood of the characters. Only by grasping "every word and deed, a grain of sand and a stone is fine" (Zhu Ziqing's words) can we enrich our image.
6. Beautifying words. The face is neat and clean, the handwriting is correct and beautiful, the font is clear and standardized, the punctuation is accurate, the paragraphs conform to the format, and the number of words conforms to the regulations.
Facial beautification is a trump card to get high marks in the examination room composition. Fourth, carefully revise Chekhov's sentence: "The skill of writing is the skill of deleting bad writing."
Articles are written, and good articles are changed. Writing in the examination room should be "self-diagnosis".
If the previous scaffolding was "focusing on prevention" before writing, then the revision after writing is "starting from governance". The composition in the examination room should be actively prevented, because it is not good to "start a new stove" after writing, otherwise time is not allowed.
The time based on modification is limited, and the modification is the most.
2. How to write a composition? You can read more composition books at ordinary times. Good words, sentences and paragraphs are also important, and some beautiful ones can be memorized.
To get a composition topic, we must first think about the center and then determine the content.
Then you can determine the number of words in each part of the composition.
For example, write an 800-word composition.
The beginning can be determined to be about 150 words, and the end can be determined to be about 200 words.
There are still 450 words, and all the cases can be written. The cases are divided into six elements, which can be further divided. Remember, you must separate them in the middle.
A good article is more than three paragraphs ~
Hehe, I hope I can help you, thanks for adoption-
3. How to write a composition? I need more words to provide you with some writing methods, hoping to help you:
First, observe carefully.
Careful observation is the golden key to improve the writing level. The article is the product of objective things reflected in the author's mind. To reflect the object, you don't have to observe the objective things carefully. Only by careful observation can we find broken jade from the mineral deposits of life phenomena and grab the shining treasure from the mixed sediment. If you don't master "observation", the golden key to open the door, the "iron gate limit" of the composition will definitely be impossible.
Second, read more books
Extensive reading is the premise of improving the level of composition. To write a good article, you must read more books. "Reading is like a million volumes, and writing is like a god." "I am familiar with three Tang poems, I can't write poems and I can't sing." Mr. Lu Xun also advocates reading more books. "You must pick many flowers like bees, so that you can brew honey. If you bite in one place, your income will be limited and boring. " We emphasize that we should not only read more, but also read selectively, and even more, understand the structural skills and language characteristics of the articles we read, and master the composition from them, so as to be more profound and diverse.
Third, clever selection of materials.
Careful selection is an accelerator to improve the level of composition. The requirement of material selection is novelty. The so-called novelty means that the batch should choose something that ordinary people have never touched, or turn a blind eye to it with profound meaning. Once the author writes in a book, it will make people think deeply about exciting materials. The angle of material selection should be small, we should see the big picture from the small place and write the materials in everyone's eyes instead of what everyone wrote. To this end, we must compare, analyze and synthesize various materials in our minds, remove the rough and extract the fine, and transform and process them. Only in this way can the materials be novel. And this kind of positive thinking and repeated deliberation is very helpful to improve the level of composition.
Fourth, practice writing often.
Regular writing practice is the key to improve writing level. Want to enter the door of composition, make continuous progress, and more importantly, practice more. As the saying goes, "it is better to write one than to read ten articles." This tells the truth that writing practice produces true knowledge. After learning an article, we understand the structural methods and writing characteristics of the article, so we must learn to use these knowledge and methods to practice and make it our writing ability. In fact, we can all practice writing after learning the first text. However, fragment practice is a good way to practice writing, which takes a short time and achieves the purpose of practicing writing. Keeping a diary is also an effective way to practice writing. Keep a diary every day, and then the Russian foundation will be solid.
Fifth, review frequently
Repeated revision is a catalyst to improve the level of composition. Revision is an essential step in composition and an effective measure to improve the quality of composition. The predecessors said well, "the article is never tired of changing." "The article has changed." Cao Xueqin wrote a dream of red mansions, read it for ten years, added and deleted it five times, and Tolstoy's War and Peace was revised seven times. Mr. Lu Xun advocated that "it is not a pity to read it at least twice after deciding and try to delete unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs." It can be seen that article revision generally refers to the process from the first draft to the final draft. When repairing, we should do five things: whether the text is fluent, whether the theme is clear, whether the structure is compact and whether the language is beautiful. In short, "the article has changed." Generally speaking, the article is always getting better and better, so we should work hard on "revision".
4. How to write a composition that highlights the theme and arranges materials: No matter what you write, you must make up your mind first. What to express, what to explain.
There are not many reasons, and the best thing for beginners to write is to hold a truth, not to be greedy. The arrangement of materials is to highlight the theme.
2. Write through one thing: (1) Write what you really know, not what you don't know. (2) write around a topic and don't change it for the time being.
(3) If we can grasp the problem, we will not be stereotyped. We should carefully look at problems, people, places and times, and read all the relevant things, and naturally we will write something different.
Change more and read more: the article must be revised. Measure out unnecessary words and phrases first, like farmers weeding.
Then carefully modify the text. Then process and teach important sentences with strength and emotion.
When reviewing, read more of your own articles. "Reading" here means reading aloud. Read to others, and read more other people's works.
Don't be afraid, don't panic: just write in vernacular. Think about it first, what to write and how to write it.
Write an outline first and arrange what to say in the first paragraph and what to say in the second. With an outline, you will have a bottom in your heart and you will be able to write it naturally; Make it simple first, and then it will become easy.
In addition, to write a good composition, we must do "four diligence": diligent observation, diligent accumulation, diligent writing and diligent practice. It is predicted that the next generation will generally need the ability to speak eloquently, because they will use natural oral language to handle work and direct machine work; They need the ability to write thousands of words in one breath, because their time is precious, and they must write what they need to write in life and work as soon as possible.
Modern society has entered a fast-paced and efficient era, which puts forward higher requirements for students' writing ability. However, in the online survey in recent months, we found that the current composition teaching in schools can not meet the development needs of students. Investigation time: June 5, 2003 to1October 38. Interviewee: Whether primary and middle school students in our country are facing the current senior high school entrance examination or adapting to the development of the future society, students' composition learning is worrying now.
For the primary school students who are about to enter junior high school in Beijing, some students have to take the school selection test and some have to take the placement test. Examination composition in Chinese examination has become a reality that must be faced.
In the face of fierce competition for further studies, do our students already have the following basic abilities to write compositions? 1. Write neatly; 2. The roll surface is clean and tidy; 3. Quick inspection and quick conception; 4. Write quickly, and write a composition of more than 500 words in 40 minutes. Don't underestimate these basic abilities, because they will directly determine the level of students' composition. If the composition written by students can't meet the first two standards, then it is basically impossible for the article to enter the first and second categories.
Why emphasize the first two items? Because this is a problem that everyone easily ignores. In addition, we made a survey on the students of "Little Talented Writing Class" in the winter vacation of junior high school in 2004, and found that the students had the following problems: 1. They don't like writing very much and don't believe that they can write well; 2. Writing is slow. Parents generally report that it takes students 1.5-2 hours to write a 500-word composition at home. 3. Write a typo on the surface of the roll and alter it with correction fluid and correction tape; 4. The font is not neat enough; 5. The oral expression ability is average, and I dare not speak on the podium.
For such primary school graduates, our teachers and parents should first believe that students are capable of writing well, but the most important thing is that our parents and teachers should take targeted training to help students improve their writing level in the shortest time. In view of the problems existing in the graduating class, the following measures are mainly taken: First, training basic skills, first of all, improving writing interest and cultivating writing emotion.
Dr. Yang Zhenning, an American Chinese, believes that "the secret of success lies in interest". Only when students have a strong interest in writing can composition training be effective.
At the same time, psychology tells us that interest is related to current needs. Therefore, although there are various ways to improve students' interest in writing, the most important thing is to appreciate students' writing so that students can get a successful and happy experience from it. In addition, writing questions should keep up with the situation, keep pace with the times, conform to students' real life, and be as innovative as possible, so as to stimulate students' interest in writing and give them something to write.
In addition, we should pay attention to guiding students to accumulate writing materials. The accumulated materials should pay attention to three points: one is typical, the other is accurate, and the third is memory. Use your brain to remember, not just your notebook.
The richer the material, the faster the writing speed. There is also to enrich the writing language.
One of the ways to enrich writing language is to recite and strengthen extracurricular reading. The more books you read, the more familiar you recite, the smoother your composition and the more literary your language is. Training writing ability writing ability directly affects writing speed.
To strengthen the training of writing ability, students are required to develop good writing habits and write words in a standardized and neat way. We sum up these measures into four daily activities: 60 minutes a day, famous sentences of about 200 words, 65,438+00 minutes to practice calligraphy, practice speed and accumulate vocabulary.
B Read famous paragraphs and articles of 1000 words for about 5 minutes to cultivate a sense of language. C tell a story of 600 words in about 5 minutes to improve oral expression ability. D After class, read 12000 words for about 40 minutes to enrich your knowledge and broaden your horizons. Second, improve your writing level and test-taking ability. For every Chinese teacher, the basic way is to be strict and write in a limited time. In order to improve the speed, each composition can only be arranged for one class hour, that is, 45 minutes, which must be strictly required and completed in class.
Students are required to examine questions quickly, think quickly, lay out articles quickly, write quickly and revise quickly. The time allocation of 45 minutes is roughly as follows: the examination of the topic, the conception (determining the central idea), the layout of the article (writing the outline) are not more than 5 minutes, the writing is 35 minutes, and the revision is 5 minutes.
Through training, this requirement can be met by ordinary students. In addition, it is also a good way to improve the writing speed to carry out a quick composition contest.
Every time a student writes a composition, I use a stopwatch to time it. The efficiency of students is naturally improved in this competitive atmosphere, and some students can complete nearly 600-word compositions in about 24 minutes at the earliest. Most.
5. How to write more and better compositions? First, the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice", which explains the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully. (2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood. (3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms. In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand. Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe that Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write a good article" for literary youth: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more. Here, "seeing more" means observing more. This shows that in order to write a good article and master skillful writing skills, it is necessary to observe more and learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing. Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to be a keen observer and never give up! -It is a habit to exercise your own observation, as if it were second nature. " It takes time to hone observation into habit and second nature, which is very useful and remarkable. Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials needed in the composition: be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change their colors all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out, enter the society, meet more people, observe their words and deeds, think about some things, and integrate into your own thoughts at any time.
6. How to write 1 above, describe the color, shape and position of things, and use one or two figurative sentences. For example, when grapes are ripe, a bunch of grapes shine like agate and shine like an upside-down golden bell.
2. To describe the scenery, you can write a long paragraph from the whole to the part, and then choose three or four typical parts, one of which focuses on two parts, and you can add celebrity stories, legends, allusions and so on related to this scenic spot.
3. To describe a character, you can start with the characteristics of the character, such as appearance, write a character associated with this appearance or a character opposite to the appearance, and combine the past stories of this character to highlight the character of this character. It is to reflect the character from the story, thus forming the appearance characteristics of the character.
4. Writing movements, combined with the habitual movements of characters, can highlight the character of this character; There are also descriptive actions, such as describing picking strawberries: she crouched in the strawberry garden with one leg, supported her knees with one hand, and stopped in front of a big red strawberry with the other. Look at her grinning, her eyes have flown to that bigger strawberry, which is full of hunger and blood. I picked one conveniently and couldn't wait to put it in my mouth, laughing happily. I stepped forward, picked up the bigger strawberry and carefully put it in the basket.
In short, we should use more metaphors, more detailed descriptions and more associative stories.