original text
Yellow Crane Tower
Author: Cui Hao
The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.
To annotate ...
1. Yellow Crane Tower: It was built in the second year of Three Kingdoms Wu. This is an ancient and famous building. Its former site is on the Yellow Crane Rock in Wuchang, Hubei, overlooking the river and facing Guishan across the river.
2. leisurely: the meaning of long time.
3. Qing Chuan: a mysterious river in the sun.
4. vivid: clear and obvious.
5. Lush (qi 1): The grass is in full bloom.
6. Nautilus Island: It is located in the southwest of Wuchang County, Hubei Province. According to the records of the later Han Dynasty, when the ancestor was the satrap of Jiangxia, some people offered parrots here, so it was called Nautilus Island.
7. Xiangguan: hometown.
8. Smoke Wave: Twilight River.
comment
The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower.
Figures in the former dynasty: refers to the legendary riding Crane Immortal. Already: already. Ride: Ride. Go: Leave. Refers to leaving the Yellow Crane Tower. Here: This place. The Yellow Crane Tower is located in the Yellow Crane Tower. Empty: adverb, only, only. Yu: The rest. ○ that is, the topic narrative, the tone is smooth and natural.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Never to return: Never to return. The text of Historical Records Biography of Assassins: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong men are gone forever." One: adverbs. Once, once. Millennium: Millennium. Youyou: The following is a description of floating white clouds. ○ Express one's feelings and lament the infinity of the universe. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
Qingchuan: Hirakawa in the sun. This refers to the Hanshui Plain. Vivid: vivid appearance. Hanyang: One of the three towns in Wuhan. It is named because it is located on the north bank of Hanshui River. Tree: Tree. Looking at the Hanshui Plain in the sun, the trees around Hanyang Town are particularly distinct. Vanilla. Lush: The appearance of lush grass in spring. Parrot Island: In the Yangtze River southwest of Hanyang in the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually washed away by the river. ○ Describe the scenery you saw when climbing the stairs.
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
Sunset: The sun is about to set. Xiangguan: hometown. Where: What do you mean, where? Smoke waves on the river: smoke waves on the river. ○ Homesickness.
translate
The immortal of the past has flown away with the Yellow Crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower here. The yellow crane never came back. For thousands of years, it only saw long white clouds. Hanyang tree is clearly visible under the sunlight. Nautilus Island is covered with green grass. It is getting late. Looking into the distance, where is my hometown? In front of me, I saw a mist hanging over the river, which brought people deep sorrow.
Rhyme translation
The legendary immortal has long been flown by the yellow crane, leaving only the empty Yellow Crane Tower here.
Flying to the yellow crane never revisited earth, only the long white clouds remain empty for thousands of years.
The trees in Qingchuan Pavilion in Hanyang are lifelike, and the grass on Nautilus Island grows thick and thick.
I don't know where my hometown is at dusk Facing the foggy river, it is worrying!
Brief introduction of Yellow Crane Tower
The Yellow Crane Tower is located at the head of Yellow Crane in Sheshan, Wuhan, facing Nautilus Island. It is also called "the first floor in the world" with Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Wangtengting Pavilion in Jiangxi and Penglai Pavilion in Shandong. According to legend, it was built in the Three Kingdoms period, and it was destroyed and built repeatedly in previous dynasties. The existing building 198 1 was rebuilt, and the prototype design was Tongzhi Building in Qing Dynasty. The building is still on the top of the snake mountain. The main building is 49 meters high, with five floors, pyramid-shaped roof and cornices, which looks seamless. The eaves column on the ground floor is 30 meters in diameter, and a large relief is set on the front wall of the central hall to show the myths and legends about the Yellow Crane Tower in the past dynasties. There is a mezzanine corridor on the third floor to display poetry, calligraphy and painting; There are four corridors outside the second, third and fourth floors for tourists to overlook; The fifth floor is the viewing hall, which can enjoy the scenery of the great river; Ancillary buildings include Xianzao Pavilion, Zhaoshi Pavilion, and Xiaojing of Yellow Crane Return. The Yellow Crane Tower is a famous scenic spot at home and abroad. It stands on the bank of the Yangtze River, at the top of the Snake Mountain, backed by Wuchang City with thousands of families, facing the surging Yangtze River, relatively quaint and handsome, and just at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Guangzhou line, that is, the intersection of the east-west waterway and the north-south land. The beautiful scenery of the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan is vivid, and the splendid mountains and rivers in the vast China are also panoramic. Due to this unique geographical location and the poems, essays, couplets, plaques, stone carvings and folk stories handed down by predecessors, the Yellow Crane Tower has become a famous cultural building with mountains and rivers and human landscapes, and has always enjoyed the reputation of "the first scene in the world" and "the first building in the world"
The Yellow Crane Tower is located at the top of the snake at an altitude of 6 1.7 meters, and is designed based on Tongzhi Building in Qing Dynasty. The building is five stories high, with a total height of 5 1.4m and a building area of 32 19m 2. 72 columns rise from the ground, vigorous and steady; 60 upturned horns stretched out in the air, just like a yellow crane taking off. The roof of the building is covered with more than 654.38 million yellow glazed tiles. Against the blue sky and white clouds, the Yellow Crane Tower is colorful and magnificent. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
comment
In the Tang Dynasty, Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Wangtengting were called the three famous scenic spots on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The Yellow Crane Tower was built in the second year of Wu (223), the pavilion was built in the thirteenth year of Tang Zhenguan (639) and Yueyang Tower was built in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (7 16). According to Lu You's Book of Entering Shu, Volume 5 says: "Yellow Crane Tower, according to legend, Fei Yi rose here, and then suddenly returned by yellow crane, hence its name, which is the best scenery in the world." Wang Tengting was founded by Tang Gaozu's son Li Yuanying, who was then governor of Hongzhou. Yueyang Tower was built on the basis of the old parade platform when Zhang Shuo, secretary of the Central Secretariat, was guarding Baling. In terms of origin, the Yellow Crane Tower is the oldest.
There are many works dedicated to the Yellow Crane Tower, but it is universally acknowledged that Cui Hao's The Yellow Crane Tower is a swan song. Even the great poet Li Bai stopped writing because "Cui Hao wrote this poem on it". So, what's good about Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower? This involves grasping the essential characteristics of the Yellow Crane Tower. Because the Yellow Crane Tower overlooks Jianghan, it is difficult to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages from the Ganjiang River in front of Wang Tengting and Dongting Lake under Yueyang Tower. As far as architectural forms are concerned, they are also different and equal. If ink falls from these aspects, even if there is a good pen, it can only look like it at best. The genius of Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower lies in that it completely abandons the external features such as the position and shape of the Yellow Crane Tower, and makes a big fuss about its name. As far as naming theory is concerned, the connection between the Yellow Crane Tower and the magical legend is its charm, which is incomparable to Yueyang Tower and Wang Tengting. The first two couplets of the poem are written under the Yellow Crane Tower. Looking up at the sky, I feel something. When the poet first saw the Yellow Crane Tower, the most prominent impression in his infinite reverie was the story of the rise of the ancients here. The "old man" was originally an ordinary person, but he was born in fairyland because he learned from immortals. Later, he revisited the old place of the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower should still remember his sage like type. The yellow crane is naturally a crane of consciousness. After flying across the sky in front of it, it still belongs to this world. Facing the white clouds, the poet realized the eternity of time and the shortness of life in the universe. Although there is no series of feelings of "Tian Wen", readers feel the ups and downs of the poet's mood with the help of images such as "yellow crane" and "white clouds", and realize the poet's thinking about the universe and the true meaning of life. The first four poems are good, because they are triggered by the Yellow Crane Tower and cannot be moved elsewhere. Naturally, it seems to come out of the mouth, without any trace of axe chisel. It is visual, it doesn't tell the whole story, but it can make people think in infinity. In this way, although the shape of the Yellow Crane Tower is not specifically described, it successfully shows its spiritual outlook.
In the last four sentences of the poem, from another angle, write what you saw and felt when you climbed the Yellow Crane Tower overlooking Jianghan. The poet is condescending, just like observing the world from the sky. He feels detached from the outside world. This feeling is also carried out from the perspectives of space and time. Compared with the vast space, the sense of distance in the world should be insignificant. On a sunny day, the scenery on the vast Jianghan Plain is vivid; The grass on Nautilus Island grows faster than before, but my hometown is far away and I can't see it. The range of activities in a person's life is too limited Compared with immortals, it's really as different as sparrows flying among Artemisia selengensis and Dapeng birds spreading their wings in Wan Li. As far as time is concerned, people's life span is measured in years. In the blink of an eye, it is a hundred years, and people's life is over. Compared with the ghost spirit of "taking 500 years as spring and 500 years as autumn", it is already pitifully short; Compared with "seven days in the sky, a thousand years on earth", it is unparalleled. Where am I in the coordinate system of this space and this life? This day will be dusk, and smoke will start from the river. The "I" on the Yellow Crane Tower is really unclear. It can be seen that the poet's "worry" has rich connotations, not just for homesickness. In the last four sentences, the description of scenery is more prominent, but they are all handy prospects, and the author does not deliberately describe them; Especially when these landscape words are integrated into the poet's deep feelings, their characteristics as landscapes tend to fade. It is inferred that Li Bai's statement that "there is a scene in front of him" largely stems from this. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Predecessors recommended this poem. Some people say that it is "flying like flying, amazing, and ambitious" (the language of Wang Fuzhi), while others say that it is "like meaning first, but it is beyond the word of God, so it is good at the wonders of the ages" (Shen Deqian language), all of which focus on the broad artistic conception and elegant brushwork of this poem, which is the artistic charm of this poem.
Overview of Basic Knowledge of Chinese Characters and Sentences
long
"Youyou" is an adjective, which has many meanings in ancient Chinese: ① Missing and caring. For example, Cao Cao's "Short Songs": "Green, leisurely in my heart." (Its source is The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Ji Zi) (2) Far away, far away. For example, The Book of Songs Feng Wang Li Shu: "Who is this?" It's been a long time. For example, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Year after year, the distance between life and death, but no beloved soul has visited his dream." (4) endless appearances. Such as the article "Looking at Jiangnan": "After all, it is not there, and the oblique light is full of water." (5) The way it flies. For example, The Book of Songs Xiao Ya Che Gong: "a?vagho?a· is small and leisurely." 6 erratic appearance. For example, Yuan Zhen's poem "Knowing Tongzhou": "I know that you have known each other, and my dream has been wandering recently."
abundant
"Lush" is an adjective with four meanings: ① It describes lush vegetation. This is the meaning of the poem "A nest of herbs with Nautilus Island". (2) Clouds are pervasive. For example, Bao Rong's "Fan Ju Lei Yu Biography and Appreciation": "Wu Xiayun, Chu Moke Liu En." 3 gorgeous appearance. For example, Pan Yue's "Borrowing Tian Fu": "Spring clothes are embarrassing, driving is embarrassing." (4) the appearance of decline. For example, Wang Qiang's "Poems of Complaints" says: "Qiu Shu is lush and its leaves are yellow."
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The poet came here with great longing for the Yellow Crane Tower, but the immortal drove the crane without a trace, and the crane left the building empty, in front of him was an ordinary river tower. "Where the yellow crane used to carry saints to heaven, now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left." The gap between the beautiful vision and the ordinary river building has laid a lost background in the poet's heart and laid a potential foreshadowing for the expression of homesickness complex.
"The yellow crane will never return to the world, and the white clouds will never fly without him" is a couplet in the poem. The natural scene where rivers meet the sky is more and more magnificent because of white clouds. Influenced by this scene, the poet's mood gradually brightened, and the feelings in his chest grew wings: the long history and beautiful legend of the Yellow Crane Tower were repeated in front of his eyes, but in the end, things changed and the crane was gone. What can people leave to stand the test of time? She is nothing, she is making the world die, the ocean dry up, the rocks collapse, and giving up her constant nostalgia and nostalgia. This sentence is of universal significance, which expresses the poet's fantasy that the years are hard to come by and the world is at a loss, and also paves the way for writing about the infinite sadness of the difficulty of returning home, thus becoming a famous sentence that is deeply concerned and repeatedly tasted. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
The meaning of "yellow crane" in the poem is very clear, except for the entity "crane", its direction should be "everything" Gone forever contains the endless sadness of being born at an untimely time and not waiting for people when they are old. "Baiyun" is unpredictable, which means the author's unpredictable sigh. If the word and "empty leisurely" make people see the vastness of space, then "Millennium" makes people see the infinity of time. The combination of time and space has produced a sense of historical depth and space openness, which has given birth to deep homesickness.
"Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and Nautilus Island is a nest of sweet grass." These two sentences describe beautiful longing and emotional memories, which are very human: the sun is shining high and the blue sky is like washing. In a trance, the tree on the north bank of Hanshui River became a long-lost dear person and stood in front of us. The warm sunshine filled the river and warmed the relatives. Vaguely, Mi Fei, who was beating drums in the grass on Nautilus Island, died in the face of Huang Zu's butcher knife, shedding green grass with blood. It is the selfless dedication of countless wandering wanderers soaked in blood and tears that has built countless unforgettable hometowns.
"but I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker? There is a sad mist on the river waves. "As the sun sets, night falls, birds return to their nests, ships return home, and wanderers return home. But where is the hometown of vagrants in the world? The river is foggy, and thick fog is born in front of you. It's a faint tear, and it's a broad homesickness that concerns the whole world. When I ask about my hometown, I feel homesick. Faced with this situation, there is no reason for anyone to miss home. The poem ends with a "worry", which accurately expresses the poet's mood of boarding the Yellow Crane Tower at dusk, and at the same time, with the metaphor at the beginning, expresses his lingering homesickness with ups and downs, so as to convey his feelings, convey his feelings internally and echo externally.
Poetry has a strong flavor of folk songs, from scenery to words to feelings, the language is like pearls, natural and natural, the antithesis is neat, the melody is harmonious and the literary talent is flying. The poet organically combined the narrow homesickness of missing his loved ones with the vast homesickness of the whole world, and expressed his homesickness in a magnificent and heroic way, which made the charm and character of this poem reach the peak of its kind and became the first masterpiece among the seven wonders of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in later generations.
explain
Cui Hao's early poems mostly described boudoir feelings and reflected women's life. Later, I went to the frontier fortress, and the frontier fortress poems I wrote were generous and heroic, and my poetic style became bold and unrestrained. But Cui Hao's most famous poem is the Yellow Crane Tower. According to legend, this poem touched the great poet Li Bai. In the Song Dynasty, the Chronicle of Tang Poetry in Jigong made a bet on the poem Yellow Crane Tower, saying, "The legend in the world is too white:' There is no road in front of you, and Cui Hao inscribed a poem on it.' He wrote the poem Phoenix Terrace to compare the ending. Yuan Fang's Biography of Tang Caizi also recorded Li's Yellow Crane Tower, because he saw the poem, which is "Doing nothing, gathering hands to be philosophers". Of course, this legend is not necessarily true. Ji Yougong expressed his doubts behind the note. However, Li Bai's poem "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" is indeed similar to Cui Zuo in writing. As for his poem "Nautilus Island": "Parrots have been to Wujiang River, and Jiangshangzhou passed on the name of parrots. Parrot flies west to Longshan, he is green, the tree of Zhou Fang! Spring breeze and warm clouds bring the fragrance of orchids, and peach blossoms fall into the river to form layers of brocade waves. At this time, the relocation of guests is extremely eye-catching. Who belongs to Cheung Chau alone? " Then not only the first four sentences are similar to Cui Shi's poems in format, but also the style of the whole poem is forced to be very simple. The first volume of Ying Lu Kui Sui, written by Fang Hui in Song and Yuan Dynasties, pointed out: "Taibai's poem is a poem with great influence. It was processed in May and June, and the ending sentence contains a sigh, so it is still not very restrained." Therefore, this poem has always been highly respected. Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua in the Southern Song Dynasty holds that "Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower should be the first of seven-character poems in the Tang Dynasty." It was not until the influential Three Poems of Tang Dynasty edited by Sun Zhu in Qing Dynasty that Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower was placed in the first poem of "Seven-character Rhyme".
Of course, The Yellow Crane Tower is a masterpiece mainly because of the aesthetic implication of the poem itself.
First, the artistic beauty of combining image with reality.
The former site of the Yellow Crane Tower is in Huanggu Jitou, HuangHeshan (Snake Mountain), Wuchang. According to legend, it was built in the Wu period of the Three Kingdoms and was repeatedly destroyed and repaired. The balconies, pillow mountains and rivers in the past were magnificent and ethereal, and there were some doubts about the "Fairy Palace". According to legend, the immortal rode the yellow crane here (A Record of Qi Xie), and rode the yellow crane here every time he escaped and ascended the immortal (A Record of the Taiping Universe). The poet climbs the building and looks into the distance, imagining things. The first four sentences of the poem begin with legends, which lead to inner feelings. The scenery contains feelings and images. Immortals ride on cranes and never return. Immortals go to empty buildings, leaving only blue sky and white clouds, which are long for thousands of years. It not only contains the feeling of the passing of time and the vastness of the world, but also vaguely reveals the vastness and heroism of the Yellow Crane Tower, and the beautiful legend of the fairy crossing the crane adds magical and charming colors to the Yellow Crane Tower, which makes people daydream far and wide. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
The Yellow Crane Tower is named after its Yellow Crane Mountain. The so-called "immortal riding crane" is a myth attached to the name. However, the poet skillfully uses these legends to grow out of the void, thus making this poem attractive in art. Then I wrote a real scene, and the scenery on the other side of the river is beautiful: the sunny river, the clear and numerous green trees in Hanyang, and the grass on Nautilus Island is very lush. Parrot Island in Hanyang was originally a sandbar in the Yangtze River southwest of Wuhan. Legend has it that it was named after Mi Fei wrote "Parrot Fu" here at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was gradually washed away by the river. Today's Nautilus Island is no longer the hometown before Song Dynasty. The scenery in front of us is bright and open, full of vitality, which makes people feel relaxed and happy, and they linger, even until the sunset on the riverside and the dusk strikes. Cui Hao roamed the south. After a long absence from home, I feel homesick in the face of the heavy twilight and the boundless kitchen smoke: "But I look home, and the dusk is getting dark? There is a sad mist on the river waves. " The poet goes with the flow, which not only shows the author's rich and complicated inner feelings, but also shows the colorful natural scenery, changing feelings and changing scenery of the Yellow Crane Tower, resulting in a beautiful and moving artistic conception. As A Qing poet Shen Deqian commented on this poem in the thirteenth volume of "Collection of Tang Poems": "The meaning is like the first, and the words are written in a vertical pen, so they are good at making great achievements through the ages."
The second is the magnificent weather and colorful painting beauty.
Painting in poetry has always been regarded as an artistic standard of landscape poetry, and the Yellow Crane Tower has reached this wonderful realm. In The Legend of the Fairy Riding a Crane, the first couplet depicts a close-up view of the Yellow Crane Tower, which means that the building is surrounded by mountains and waters and the situation is magnificent. In the lyric poem lamenting that "Yellow Crane will never come to earth again", Zhuan Xu described the prospect of Yellow Crane Tower, showing the spectacular sight of towering buildings and white clouds. The beautiful scenery of the neckline directly outlines the bright sunshine on the river outside the Yellow Crane Tower. The tail couplet echoes around the beam, whispering tactfully, indirectly showing the hazy evening scene on the lower reaches of the Yellow Crane Tower. On the whole picture shown in the poem, the close view, distant view, sun view and night view of the Yellow Crane Tower appear alternately, with wonderful changes and magnificent weather. Against each other are the immortal yellow crane, the famous building resort, the blue sky and white clouds, the Qingchuan sandbar, the green trees and grass, and the sunset river, which are vivid and colorful. The whole poem is full of artistic meaning and aesthetic feeling.
Third, the musical beauty with natural timbre and clear syllables.
Rhyme has strict metrical requirements. In fact, the Yellow Crane Tower is not the standard seven laws. The fifth and sixth words in the first and second sentences are actually "Yellow Crane", the third sentence is finished with six strokes, and the fourth sentence is finished with three tones. It's almost the syntax of ancient poetry without antithesis. The words "Hanyang Tree" and "Nautilus Island" in the fifth and sixth sentences seem to be right or wrong. The reason why it is considered as the masterpiece of "Seven-character Rhyme" lies in its natural tone and clear syllables, in addition to the artistic conception and painting beauty analyzed earlier. The first four sentences of this poem are blurted out, followed by letters, in one go, and go straight down with the trend, so there is no time to take into account the metrical antithesis of the seven laws. "Although the scenery is broken on May 6, the gas is overflowing and the income is the same, so it is valuable." (For Fang's comments in the Qing Dynasty, see Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties, Volume 5. ) Because the whole poem is finished in one breath, it reads naturally and smoothly. Coupled with the repeated use of disyllabic words, rhymes, reduplicated words or phrases, such as "Yellow Crane" and "Return", disyllabic phrases, reduplicated words such as "Here" and "On the River", reduplicated words such as "Youyou", "Lili" and "Lush", the sound of this poem is caused. (Original: Appreciation of famous Tang poems, published by Beijing October Literature and Art Publishing House. )
Comment and analysis
The new biography of talents in Tang Dynasty records that Li Bai boarded the Yellow Crane Tower to write poems, but when he saw the works, he put his hands together and said, "There is a scene in front of him, and poems are inscribed on it." Legend or attachment of later generations may not be true. But Li Bai did write poems twice to imitate this poetic style. The first four sentences of his poem Nautilus Island say: "The parrot crossed the Wujiang River eastward, and its name spread to the upper reaches of the river." The parrot flew west to Longshan, and the trees around him were green. Just like Cui Shi. There is also a poem "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing", which is obviously copied. Because of this, many poets are praised for their oral performance. For example, Yan Yu's Cang Shi Lang Dialect said: "The Yellow Crane Tower by Cui Hao should be the first of seven-character poems in the Tang Dynasty." Gal, Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" is even more famous.
The Yellow Crane Tower is named after its Yellow Crane Mountain (also known as Snake Mountain) in Wuchang. Legend has it that in ancient times there was a fairy who crossed here by yellow crane (see Zhi); It is also said that Fei went to the immortal to drive a crane (see "Taiping Universe", quoted from "Tu Jing"). Poetry is to think about the origin of the name of a building, from legend to writing, and then grow out. What is the fairy crossing the crane? What is it now? Saying that it is "gone forever" will lead to the regret that the years have passed and the ancients have not seen it. The fairy went to the empty building, leaving only the white clouds in the sky, which lasted for thousands of years and could show the boundless generosity of the world. These words written by the poet show the common feelings of people who were suitable for Crane Tower at that time, with boundless spirit and sincere feelings.
The first half of the poem was scattered and the whole injury was corrected in the first year of the following year. It is about what I saw and felt in the building, and the homesickness caused by the grass and trees overlooking Hanyang City and Nautilus Island from upstairs. This is put first and then collected.
There used to be a saying that "writing is based on qi". The first four sentences of this poem seem to be spoken casually, rotating in one breath and descending with the trend without any obstacles. The Yellow Crane and Eryu appear again and again, but because of their imposing manner, readers "wave their hands sine and look at Hong Fei" and rush to read on, without paying attention to their overlapping appearance. This is a big taboo in metrical poetry, and the poet seems to forget that he is writing. Try it: the five or six words in the first couplet are the same as "Yellow Crane"; The third sentence is almost completely annoying; The fourth sentence, reading the tail with three pawns seems to be "empty"; No matter any confrontation, it is based on the syntax of ancient poetry. Is this because the seven laws were not finalized at that time? No, there is a standardized seven-method drought, which was written by Cui Hao himself. Is it the poet who deliberately writes disharmonious laws? Not necessarily. He is different from Du Fu's later metrical poems in that he deliberately created his own tune. It seems that I still ignored it. As Lin Daiyu said when she taught people to write poems in A Dream of Red Mansions, "If there are strange sentences, even the truth is wrong." Here, Cui Po practiced according to the principle of "taking the meaning as the standard, not hurting the meaning by words", which is why he wrote such a rare poem in the Seven Laws. Shen Deqian commented on this poem, saying that "the meaning comes first, the spirit transcends language, and he writes with a vertical pen, so he is good at the wonders of the ages" (Volume XIII of Tang Poetry), which means this. If you just let nature take its course, don't accept it, don't stick to the rules, and don't return to the meter, then it's not seven tones, but seven ancient ones. This poem seems to be divided into two parts, but in fact, the text is always focused from beginning to end, with only one breath in the middle. This seemingly continuous connection is also the most organized from the perspective of the beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination of rhythmic poetry. Regarding the second couplet of legal poems, Yang Zai said in Yuan Dynasty: "This couplet should be broken (the first couplet), and it should be as persistent as riding a dragon ball." This poem is like this because of ten days. It tells the legend of a fairy riding a crane, and the forehead is connected with the problem, one integrated mass. Yang Zai also said the "turn" of the neck couplet: "Avoid the meaning of the former couplet and change it, like a thunderbolt breaking the mountain, and the viewer is amazed." The metaphor of thunder is intended to show that there should be a sudden change in the first five or six sentences, which is unexpected. At the turning point of this poem, the style turns from right to right, and the realm is completely different from that of the former couplet, which just meets this requirement of the law. Recalling the big yellow crane in the past, it has gone away, giving people the feeling of unknowability; Suddenly, it turned into a beautiful grass tree, and I could vividly see the scene in front of my wife Manzhouli. This contrast can not only dye away the sadness of those who go upstairs and overlook, but also make the situation of women fluctuate. "Chu Ci Zhao Hermit" says: "Spring grass can grow and grow if your grandson swims without returning." The language of "lush grass" in the poem is also used to sort out the meaning of where the end is, which makes it difficult to stop thinking. At the end of the couplet, I wrote the homesickness at sunset along the Yanbo River, which made the poem return to the invisible state at the beginning, making it echo the front "Taiwan" like a leopard tail, and also conforming to the laws of poetry. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
It is precisely because of its superb art and great success that this poem is regarded as the swan song of the Yellow Crane Tower, which is understandable.
Brief introduction of the author
Cui Hao was born in Bianzhou (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. -754) Tang Xuanzong was a scholar in Kaiyuan 1 1 year (AD 723). He is quick-witted and good at writing poems, and he is a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wen Yuan Biography of Old Tang Dynasty compares him with Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Meng Haoran, but his official career is ups and downs, and he will never succeed. There are not many accounts about him in the calendar, and there are few legends and stories about his hometown Bianzhou. Tang Hao's old biography is so brief that even his literary achievements are not mentioned. What are these for? It is worth thinking about. The works are passionate and magnificent.
Anyone who has read a little Tang poetry knows a good story: his poem Yellow Crane Tower is said to have been seen by Li Bai when he visited the Yellow Crane Tower. He said, "There was a landscape in front of him, but Cui Hao wrote a poem on it." He left helplessly and disappointed. After that, I was still worried, and wrote poems such as "Climbing the Phoenix Platform in Nanjing" and "Nautilus Island" one after another. If I don't believe it, I'm going to compete with Cui Hao. Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower has also been well received by later scholars. For example, Yan Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, called it the first seven-character poem in the Tang Dynasty. Cui Hao is not only a good poet, but also a romantic, few people can match him. The old and new Tang Shu, Biography of Cui Hao, Biography of Tang Caizi and other documents all record that Cui Hao and Dong Fangshuo have the same hobby, and their wives must be beautiful. If you are slightly dissatisfied after marriage, you will soon divorce them and hire another beautiful woman. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that Cui Hao "gets married every four or five times". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Cui Hao lived in Kaifeng, Henan Province when he was a teenager. There are different opinions about the time when he left his hometown in Henan to engage in scientific research in Chang 'an and was admitted to Jinshi. Song Chen wrote 22 volumes of "Solving the Problem of Zhaizhai", which was written in Chen Zhuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. Chen (about 1 186—— about 1262), formerly known as a bibliographer, was born in Anji, Huzhou (now Zhejiang). On the occasion of Ning Zong and Li Zong, there were many religions in Lishui, Shaoxing and Yinxian & gt
"Volume 19 note," Tang Sixun "Yuanwailang Cui Hao kaiyuan Jinshi for ten years". Yuan Xinwen's Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty said that he was a scholar in the 11th year of Kaiyuan.
Cui Hao's Ten-year Poetry of Zheng De notes that Yao Chongsheng was a scholar in the 12th year of Kaiyuan. No matter which statement is correct, Cui Hao was only 18 ~ 20 years old when he entered Jinshi. (According to Mr. Wen Yiduo's Series of Tang Poems, he thinks that Jinshi is very young around the age of 20, and 18 is a little young, so Mr. Wen Yiduo said that Cui Hao's birth date can be pushed back to around 700 AD. This is the beginning of this article. Cui Hao was born in 704? Reason. ) That is to say, Cui Hao left his hometown Bianzhou to take an exam in Chang 'an at the latest at the age of 20, then wandered for 20 years, and then went to Xi 'an, Kyoto to be an official. In my hometown Kaifeng, except adolescence, the time is very short.
Among his poems, there is only one about his return to his hometown, "Entering Bianshui Late": "Last night, I went to Chu in the south, and now I go to Jiang in the north. How long can guests worry? There are fewer and fewer rural roads. Sunny scenery shakes Tianjin trees, and spring breeze sings Acura. Changhuai is exhausted, so it is better to fear the tide. " (The first sentence in the poem refers to Chuzhou. During the Tang Dynasty, Chuzhou was ruled by Yang Shan, which is now Huai 'an County, Jiangsu Province. Therefore, when Huai 'an returned to Kaifeng, there was a saying of returning to Bianshui. ) From the perspective of poetry, Cui Hao still misses his hometown and has the intention of returning to his hometown to support the elderly and retire. But because he was eager for fame, he returned to Chang 'an, died in the 13th year of Tang Tianbao (754), and never returned to his hometown. This may be the main reason why Cui Hao's story has not been widely circulated in Kaifeng. However, as Kaifeng people, we should have a comprehensive, correct and appropriate understanding of Cui Hao today, and should not deny his achievements because of his low personality. History should be correctly evaluated.
Contrast between English and Chinese
Yellow Crane Tower
Cui Hao
The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
Yellow Crane Tower
Cui Hao
A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven.
Now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left.
The yellow crane never returned to the earth,
Baiyun will always fly without him.
... every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water,
Nautilus Island is a nest of herbs;
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker.
There is a sad mist on the river waves.