One: Language
1, repeat the taste rhythm.
Reading aloud is the most direct perception of language and the best way to taste it. Poetry generally has three prosodic elements: melody, rhythm and rhyme, which are suitable for reading. Ancient poets were very particular about "breathing the sound of pearls and jade during chanting". The language of poetry should be fluent in recitation, pleasant in appreciation, full of cadence, ups and downs and a smooth sense of music. As an appreciator, we should also appreciate the beauty of music from the rhythm and rhythm of poetry. As far as reading methods are concerned, one is to guide students' overall perception, the other is to help students enter the state, and the third is to stimulate interest in various forms. Reading gives students not only superficial things of language, but also practical help, so that they can feel the whole poem in depth and as a whole. Reciting Dai Wangshu's poem: "Holding an oiled paper umbrella/wandering alone in a long, lonely rain lane/hoping to meet a girl as sad as lilac ..." Repeatedly reciting the taste and understanding the distinctive rhythm, harmonious tone and beautiful melody of poetry, it is not difficult to appreciate the connotation of poetry, including the beauty of music and emotion. Excellent poetry pays great attention to the beauty of music, and Schiller even thinks that "the music in poetry rings in my heart, often exceeding the vivid representation of its content". A large number of modern poets in China, represented by Wen Yiduo and Xu Zhimo, attach great importance to the musical beauty of poetry. Their lines are neat, stop rhyming naturally, and use words to make sentences vividly. When we appreciate poetry, we should read it repeatedly and be familiar with the rhythm of poetry, so that we can appreciate the musical beauty embodied in the language of poetry.
2. Grasp the key words and refine the language.
Poetry is a refined language, and a word or even a word contains a profound theme, so the poet calls it a one-word work, which is deliberately tempered deeply. Deliberate the refined words of poetry, so as to taste the beauty of language. Verbs, adjectives, quantifiers and reduplication are all key words. The "poetic eye" of classical poetry (especially metrical poetry) generally appears in the relative position of the upper and lower sentences. If it is a five-character metrical poem, it appears in the third or fifth word, usually a verb or adjective. It is the result of the poet's careful consideration, so it is also the most expressive and "wonderful". For example, "A brook sings a curved stone, and the sun is tempered by pine trees" and "Shaming fists leave herons, and the sea flies away", the poetic eyes are in the third word of the upper and lower sentences respectively. The poem's eyes in "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen" are on the fifth word of the previous sentence. (The emphasis is added by the author.) As for the poems of the seven-melody and quatrains, the position where the poetic eye appears is not fixed. Analysis of "benefit": To analyze the benefit of the poetic eye is to fully explore its rich meaning, grasp its beautiful artistic effect, and then express it in refined language with the artistic conception, image or truth (sometimes with the artistic conception or center of the whole poem) expressed by the poetic eye. Deliberate the skills of refining words and appreciate the meaningful beauty of language.
Two: image
1. Capture images and observe poems.
"Meaning" is the center of the author's expression and the thought and emotion entrusted by the author; "Image" is a concrete and tangible thing. "Image" refers to the organic combination of objective image and subjective interest formed in the writer's mind, and also refers to the concrete image in his works, which contains subjective interest. For example, the birds, the land, the river, the wind and the dawn in I Love this Land are all tangible things that entrust the author with rich thoughts and feelings, that is, images. Poetry is lyrical, except for a few direct lyricism, most of them should find a specific "image" that can be expressed, symbolized and entrusted to express their emotions. To appreciate poetry, we must solve the image. Therefore, grasping the image is the first step to truly interpret poetry.
To grasp the image, we must grasp the style and emotional tone of poetry on the basis of what is known. The picture described by the poet is in harmony with his thoughts and feelings. Of course, the beautiful scenery reveals his love, but when he is sad, the beautiful scenery contains tears, such as "the place where petals flow like tears"; When the heart is cold, the beauty is repeatedly questioned, such as "reading red medicine by the bridge, knowing who to live for every year?" The emotions contained in the images of "flowers" and "red medicine" here are very clear.
To appreciate poetry, we should first make full use of association and imagination. Appreciate the image from imagination and relive and relive the poet's imagination. Read I Love This Land, follow the poem, imagine yourself as a bird, and understand why your throat is "hoarse", so that the image of a patriot will clearly emerge in front of you. Because the image core of this poem is a passionate bird, which sings tirelessly for the land, rivers, wind and dawn, and even dedicates its feathers to the land after death. In the whole process of reading poetry, imagination activities are centered around the image of this bird. The grasp of patriotic passion in poetry is obtained through the imagination of this bird who loves the land. Without imagination, you will get nothing.
Appreciate poetry, but also be good at expressing feelings in poetry. The lyricism of poetry is mostly implicit. If you want to go deep into poetry, you must "soak" the implicit things provided by poetry. In other words, what the poet refines and summarizes from the complicated life phenomena should be restored to its true colors. For example, the content of "meditation" in "Golden Rice Ball" needs to be well excavated.
2. Mobilize imagination and appreciate artistic conception.
Artistic conception is an artistic realm formed by combining the natural or life picture ("realm") depicted in literary and artistic works with the author's thoughts and feelings ("meaning"). It is a harmonious and broad artistic realm, which can induce connoisseurs to enrich their imagination and enjoy beauty. The characteristics of artistic conception mainly include: generosity, tragic, vigorous, natural, magnificent, tragic and desolate, lonely and cold, fresh and beautiful, and so on. Grasping these key words and repeatedly training with specific poems, it is not difficult to achieve the requirement of "clear artistic conception", that is, on the basis of fully understanding poetry and loose culture, the characteristics of its artistic realm are summarized, such as the generosity and tragic of some frontier poems, the bleak and natural pastoral poems, the grandeur and grandeur of some landscape poems, the loneliness and coldness of recluse poems (or homesick poems) and so on. Students should be proficient in these terms.
Artistic conception and image are both related and different. Image is the perfect combination of the scenery written by the author, the things expressed ("image"), the emotions expressed by the author through the scenery and the will expressed by chanting things ("meaning"). Artistic conception is embodied in some poems or whole poems, and images are embodied in a single "image". Images in classical poetry are often established and have rules to follow. For example, "plum blossom" is a symbol of noble character; "Moon" stands for homesickness; "Hongyan" is a messenger who delivers books and the like. Poets sometimes create a group of images, such as Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si, and create 1 1 images, and use the central image of "heartbroken man" to express Qiu Si who misses the future.
Three: feelings
Poetry is a style of expressing feelings and wishes. When appreciating, we must deeply understand the emotional connotation of poetry. Grasping what it wants to hint and enlighten readers in the image and artistic conception of poetry can understand the author's feelings.
1, know others and discuss the world, and find the right emotion. To appreciate any poem, we should have a preliminary understanding of its author and its birth time. Poetry is a reflection of life in a certain era, and the characteristics of the times cannot be ignored in understanding the feelings of poetry. Works with the same theme will show different thoughts and feelings because of the poet's ideal taste, life experience and different times. Otherwise, our appreciation is blind and even distorted. To understand the beauty of feelings, to know people and to explore the world is the first step. At the same time, judging from the law of creation, the emotions accumulated by poets at ordinary times should be triggered by some kind of opportunity, and then they can be interpreted into chapters, and their emotions can be poured between the lines. This opportunity is an emotional breakthrough. Finding emotional breakthrough is also an effective way to grasp the theme of poetry and understand emotional beauty. The emotional breakthrough to stimulate the poet's writing can be a person, an event, an experience or an idea. Ai Qing thought of the bleak Dayan River only because of her arrest and heavy snow, which aroused her nostalgia, memories and even praise, and wrote Dayan River-My Nanny. Appreciating poetry and finding the breakthrough of emotion will make it easier to grasp the theme of poetry and understand the emotional beauty of poetry more deeply.
2, metaphor symbol, explore the connotation.
The thoughts and feelings of some poems are reflected by the metaphor and symbolic meaning of poetic images. To understand the thoughts and feelings of this kind of poetry, we must first accurately grasp the connotation of images, and then expand association and imagination to deepen our understanding of feelings and avoid real meaning in grasping images.
To understand the feelings of poetry, we should also consider the genre, style and genre of poetry. There are differences in emotional expression between realistic poetry and romantic poetry, and there are also differences in thoughts and feelings expressed in bold and graceful words.
: technology
In poetry appreciation, we should be able to master the common means of expression and artistic skills of poetry.
Appreciating rhetorical methods: revealing skills and analyzing expressive functions (sentence meaning, meaning, theme and emotion)
Express appreciation: how to describe (describe) what to say (describe) what to express.
Appreciation of expressive skills: the expressive function of skills (meaning, meaning, theme, emotion)
1, rhetorical method:
Metaphor, analogy, rhetorical question, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, allusions, allusions, intertextuality, repetition, parallelism, puns, lists, etc.
2. Expression skills:
(1) Performance: narration, discussion, description and lyricism. Among them, description and lyricism are the focus of the examination.
Lyricism can be divided into direct lyricism (direct expression of feelings) and indirect lyricism (including borrowing scenery to express feelings, expressing feelings with things and blending scenes). Scenery blending includes three forms, one is the emotion in the scene, the other is the emotion in the scene, and the third is the emotion in the scene. Pay attention to the relationship between music scene and funeral scene: Generally speaking, it is music scene and Syaraku's feelings, and funeral scenes express mourning feelings, but there are also ways to write music scenes with mourning feelings or write funeral scenes with Syaraku's feelings.
Description skills: rendering and contrast, contrast and contrast, dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, front and side combination, point and surface combination, sound and color combination, detail description, sketch, meticulous painting, painting in poetry, observation angle (looking down, looking up, looking up), seeing the big from the small, etc.
⑵ Literary expression methods: Fu, Bi and Xing; Suppress change, elaborate description, symbol, association and imagination, suppress relations [first promote and then suppress, belittle reality and praise, praise reality and belittle reality], satirize the present or express feelings through the past.
3. Text structure: The first sentence is the title, which comes straight to the point, writes the theme, expresses the ambition, ties the knot with the scenery, has an appropriate total score, goes deep into layers, takes care of the transition, paves the way, makes the finishing point and is natural.