Eight Bitterness, that is, raw bitterness, old bitterness, sick bitterness, dead bitterness, bitter resentment, love to leave bitterness, not seeking bitterness, and taking five bitterness (Eight Bitterness Department of Fayuan Zhu Lin). From "Preface to Bodhi Tree" by Liang: "It is sad to have six senses and eight pains. Without the Great Sage, who will save Huiqiao? "