? Jiang Nanchun
Author: Du Mu Era: Tang Genre: Qijue Category: Landscapes thousands of miles away, orioles singing green and reflecting red, water villages, mountains and wine flags in the wind. There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, and there are many towers in the mist.
[Note] (1) Shanguo: Mountain City. Liquor flag: a cover hung outside an ancient hotel.
[Translation]: Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, warblers are singing and dancing swallows are everywhere, peaches are red and willows are green, a scene full of spring. In the villages near the water and in the city walls near the mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. There are temples filled with incense and pavilions standing in the hazy mist and rain.
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The four lines of the poem not only describe the richness of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also describe its vastness, depth and confusion
"Thousands of miles of orioles sing green and reflect red, and water villages, mountains, and wine flags are winding." At the beginning of the poem, It’s like a fast-moving movie camera that passes over the southern land: in the vast Jiangnan, thousands of miles away, orioles are singing happily, green trees reflect clusters of red flowers; villages near the water, city walls on the mountains, wine flags fluttering in the wind , one by one is in sight. The charming Jiangnan, dyed with the poet's wonderful pen, becomes even more heart-stirring. The reason for the swaying, in addition to the magnificence of the scenery, is probably also because this magnificence is different from a certain garden scenic spot, which is only limited to a corner, but because this magnificence is spread over a large piece of land. Therefore, if there is no word "Qianli" at the beginning, these two sentences will lose their color. However, Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Sheng'an Poetry Talk": "Who can hear the oriole's cry for thousands of miles? Who can see the green and red for thousands of miles? If it is ten miles away, the oriole will sing and the green and red scenery will appear. Villages, towers, Monk temples and wine flags are all included." Regarding this opinion, He Wenhuan once refuted this opinion in "Research on Poems of the Past Dynasties": "Even if it is written ten miles away, it may not be possible to hear or see it. "Spring", the south of the Yangtze River is thousands of miles wide, and among the thousands of miles, the orioles are singing and the green is reflected, there are no wine flags in the water villages and mountains, and most of the 480 temples and towers are in the mist and rain. The meaning of this poem is broad, and it cannot be specific. One place, so the general name is "Jiang Nanchun"..." He Wenhuan's statement is correct. This is due to the need for a typical summary of literature and art. The same principle applies to the last two sentences. "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are many towers in the mist and rain." From the first two sentences, the orioles are chirping, the red and green contrast with each other, and the wine flags are fluttering. It should be a scene on a sunny day, but these two sentences clearly mention the mist and rain. How come? What's going on? This is because within a thousand miles, the clouds and sunshine vary from place to place, which is completely understandable. However, what needs to be seen is that the poet used typical techniques to grasp the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery. Jiangnan is characterized by mountains and rivers, dark willows and bright flowers, intricate tones, rich layers and a three-dimensional feel. While shrinking the size of the poem, the poet focused on expressing the colorful and beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in spring. In the first two sentences of the poem, there are red and green colors, mountains and rivers, villages and city walls, movement and stillness, sounds and colors. But these alone seem not to be rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist and rain." The splendid Buddhist temple with numerous buildings originally gave people a profound feeling, but now the poet deliberately made it hidden in the mist. In the misty mist and rain, this adds a hazy and confusing color. Such pictures and tones, in contrast to the bright and gorgeous scenery of "thousands of miles away orioles croaking against the green, and the wind of wine and flags in the mountains and rivers of water", make this "Jiangnan Spring" picture even more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a long-lasting historical color to this picture. "Four hundred and eighty" is a way of saying that people in the Tang Dynasty emphasize the large number. The poet first emphasizes that there is more than one Buddhist temple with magnificent architecture, and then goes on to sigh like "how many towers are in the mist and rain", which is particularly fascinating.
This poem expresses the poet's praise and fascination for the scenery in Jiangnan. However, some researchers have put forward the "irony theory" and believe that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for their monstrances in Chinese history. Buddhism also developed viciously in Du Mu's era, and Du Mu had anti-Buddhist thoughts, so the last two sentences are ironic. In fact, when interpreting poetry, we should first start from the artistic image and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not necessarily mean that he also dislikes Buddhist temple buildings left over from history. When he was in Xuanzhou, he often visited Kaiyuan Temple and other places. I also visited some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous poems, such as "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liufu Bridge on the Qingyi River", "Where spring rain sings leisurely in the autumn mountains, leaning against the temple towers in Jiangnan", all show that he still appreciates the towers of Buddhist temples. Of course, while appreciating it, it is possible to occasionally have a little historical emotion.
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