Poetry in the Tang Dynasty achieved all-round prosperity and became the golden age for the development of China's classical poetry.
There are more than 2,200 poets and more than 48,900 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty alone.
There are about fifty or sixty famous poets with unique styles, which have produced great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, marking the peak of China's classical poetry creation.
The influence of Qi and Liang Dynasties was deeply rooted in the poems of Sui Dynasty, but some better frontier poems of poets in the early Sui Dynasty, such as Lu Sidao, Su Yang and Xue Daoheng, reflected the life experiences and thoughts and feelings of recruiters, which were fresh and vigorous and revealed a new atmosphere.
Formal meter has also developed further, such as Lu Sidao's Joining the Army and Xue Daoheng's Yu, which all reached the scale of seven-character songs in the early Tang Dynasty.
Yang Di's Jiangdu Gongqu is close to the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty.
The farewell poem by Anonymous, with its tone and rhythm, is already a very mature seven-character quatrain.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the poetic circles were immersed in the care of Chen Gong, and the poetic styles of court poets such as Yu Shinan, Shangguan Yi, Yang Shidao and Li Yifu were publicized.
Although Shen Quanqi and Song did not get rid of the influence of Qi Liang, they completed the finalization of the form of metrical poems and made important contributions to melody.
He, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo are also known as the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. They actively explored the expressive field of poetry, and made new explorations from the theme content to the metrical form, showing a new look.
Following the four great masters, Chen Ziang swept away the legacy of Qi Liang with a bright creative spirit.
He advocates the style of Han and Wei dynasties and takes retro as innovation.
His romance poems and frontier poems are rich in content, vigorous, simple and realistic. They put his theoretical thoughts into practice and created a new generation.
Poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty developed various genres and forms, with numerous styles and schools, and achieved all-round prosperity.
In addition to Li Bai and Du Fu, there are also pastoral poets who mainly describe the leisure life of landscape and pastoral areas and frontier poets who mainly describe the frontier fortress and garrison life.
Landscape pastoral poets such as Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, etc. The language is fresh and refined, and the artistic conception is profound and beautiful.
However, there are negative factors that escape from reality in ideological content.
Frontier poets, such as Gao Shi, Cen Can, Li Qi and Wang Changling. It combines the beautiful scenery of the frontier fortress with the lofty aspirations of making achievements, with great momentum, tragic artistic conception and unique artistic charm.
Li Bai is a great romantic poet. He loved the motherland, sympathized with the working people, despised power, pursued freedom, and showed irreconcilable resistance to all oppression and bondage in feudal society.
The poetic imagination is wonderful, passionate, colorful and elegant, which has become the new peak of romantic poetry after Qu Yuan.
As a realistic poet, Du Fu cares about the sufferings of the people, the fate of the motherland, infinite sympathy for the people and strong hatred for the sins of the ruling class.
His poems are worried about the country and the people, depressed and frustrated, full of patriotic feelings and extremely popular.
Du Li's articles are brilliant, and their poems have a great influence on the development of poetry in the future.
Around the middle Tang Dynasty, Yuan Jie's and Gu Kuang's poems inherited Du Fu's spirit of sympathizing with people's feelings and criticizing reality, with simple style and profound meaning.
Liu Changqing and Wei are mainly composed of landscape poems, and their styles are subtle, gentle, elegant and free from vulgarity.
At that time, the ten gifted scholars with great influence in Dali were superficial in content and poor in actual achievements.
During Zhenyuan and Yuanhe years, there was a great activity in the poetry circle.
Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji and Wang Jian advocated the New Yuefu Movement, inherited Du Fu's realistic tradition, developed and innovated it, and created a large number of political satirical poems aimed at criticizing reality.
Other poets such as Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and Li He all have their own artistic creations.
Among them, the schools of Han and Meng tried to explore new forms and styles of poetry, which were broad in weather, profound in thought, dangerous and steep, or sharp in brushwork; Some tend to prose, others tend to be difficult and grotesque, which has a great influence on Song poetry.
Jia Dao is famous for his bitter songs, and Li He is unique in language images, forming a unique romantic style.
Apart from Bai Yuan and Han Meng, Liu Zongyuan's landscape poems have profound artistic conception and euphemistic feelings.
Liu Yuxi's "Zhuzhici" is full of folk songs, cheerful and smooth, with distinctive features.
The sentimental and decadent sentiment and the complex atmosphere of algae decoration in the poems of the late Tang and Five Dynasties gradually increased.
Du Mu and Li Shangyin's poems lament their life experiences, and they feel that to see the sun, for all his glory is buried in the coming night.
Their seven methods and seven requirements are unique in artistic skills.
The poems of Pi Rixiu, Du Xunhe and Lu Guimeng reflect the social unrest and class contradictions in the late Tang Dynasty to some extent.
The neglect of the five dynasties poetry circles is the end of Tang poetry.
Tang poetry completed the creation of various forms of China's classical poetry.
The five-character poems, seven-character poems and Yuefu poems in ancient poetry, and the five laws, seven laws, five unique, seven unique and exclusive laws in modern poetry are all complete.
As a link between the preceding and the following, these forms have become the most popular and far-reaching poetic style in the history of China literature.
The achievements of Tang poetry are unprecedented and become an example for later poetry.
Ci is a new poetic style with music as the carrier, which emerged in Tang and Five Dynasties.
The earliest common word in Tang Dynasty was Dunhuang Quzi Ci.
Literati Ci began in the middle Tang Dynasty, and there are Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man and E, Zhang's Yu Gezi, Wei's Douxu, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi's Yi Jiangnan and so on. , are relatively early works.
Early literati ci has a wide range of themes and short forms, and is generally characterized by freshness, clarity and liveliness.
In the late Tang Dynasty, there were more and more literati and the art became mature.
Wen has the greatest influence.
The theme of diction tends to be sentimental, the content is delicate and the words are too elaborate.
For example, "Bodhisattva Man, with numerous overlapping, is destroyed by gold", "Looking at the south of the Yangtze River from a distance, refreshing, and leaning on the Wangjiang Tower alone".
In the Five Dynasties, Zhao Chongzuo edited the Painting, which was headed by Wen and mainly composed of poets from Western Shu. The content was rich in feelings and sadness, and the form pursued algae decoration.
Only Wei Zhuang's ci has beautiful language and a little content, such as "Sidi Township, spring outing, apricot flowers blowing on my head" and "Bodhisattva Xia, everyone says Jiangnan is good".
In addition, the words of Niu Xiji and Li Xun also give people a fresh and cheerful feeling.
Five pronouns were concentrated in Jinling, the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the important poets were Feng Yansi, Li Jing and Li Yu.
During the Tang and Five Dynasties, Feng Yansi left more than 65,438,000 words, most of which were pronouns.
Writing more about leisure and spring worries, the language is fresh and smooth, inheriting and developing the style of graceful words, which has a great influence on Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu and others in the Song Dynasty.
There are four poems left by Li Jing, all of which have a strong sentimental sentiment.
Li Yu was originally a monarch in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In his early days, he mainly wrote about the luxurious life of the court. After the Song Dynasty, most of what he wrote was hatred for his home country, and he felt deeply.
For example, in Yu Meiren, when is the spring flowers and the autumn moon, the waves scouring the sand, the rain outside the curtains and so on. In art, painting wins, the language is clear, the artistic conception is beautiful, the image is vivid, and the specific feelings of life are expressed, which changes the style of Huajian Ci, accumulates new experience in the creation of Ci, and opens up a new realm, which plays an important role in the history of Ci development.