Tashaxing·Chenzhou Hostel
The tower is lost in the fog, and the ferry is lost in the moon. The peach garden is nowhere to be found. It is worth mentioning that the solitary pavilion is closed in the cold spring, and the setting sun is setting in the sound of cuckoos.
The plum blossoms are sent by mail, and the ruler is passed down by fish. There are countless ways to build up this hatred. The Chenjiang River fortunately circles Chenshan Mountain, but for whom does it flow down to Xiaoxiang?
Qin Guan is a disciple of Su Shi and one of the four bachelors of the Su family. According to folklore, he and Su Shi's sister Su Xiaomei were a couple, and there is also the story of Su Xiaomei's trouble with the groom. This is of course a compliment. However, as one of the most central figures in the Su clan, his fate is closely linked to Su Shi.
Qin Guan was very enterprising in his early years, read a lot of military books, and was also very heroic. It seems to be completely different from the image we have in our minds of the "Sad Man of the Ancients" (collectively known as Yan Jidao) rated by Feng Xu. . However, young people have great ambitions, but it is easy for people to feel depressed when they are wasted in their later years. Qin Guan was a disciple of Su Shi. After Zhezong came to power, he re-employed Zhang Dun, Zeng Bu and others of the New Party to attack the Yuanyou Party members who had been re-employed by Empress Dowager Gao. Su Shi and his disciples were the key targets. Su Shi himself was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. Fortunately, he was broad-minded and didn't take it seriously. However, his body was damaged by the harsh environment, so he died after Huizong came to power and recalled him. As for Qin Guan, his character was not as open-minded as Su Shi. After being demoted to Chenzhou, he was demoted to Leizhou and other places. In the end, he could not get rid of the sorrow in his heart. Before Su Shi, he died in Tengzhou on the way back to the north. These lands were all in the south, which had not yet been developed much at that time. They were all barbaric lands with miasma in their nature. Therefore, when Han Yu was demoted to Chaozhou, he directly said to his grandnephew, "It's better to take my bones to the miasma riverside."
The founding of the Song Dynasty established the ancestral precept not to kill scholar-bureaucrats, so being demoted to such a remote and wild place was the most severe punishment. Qin Guan was demoted to Chenzhou and wrote this poem in Chenzhou Hostel. "The tower is lost in the fog, and the river is lost in the moon." From the beginning, it shows us a confused scene of misty rain and nowhere to go. Jindu is a ferry, and "lost" and "lost" are not only the external scenery, but also the poet's inner feelings. "The Peach Garden is nowhere to be found." The Peach Blossom Spring written by Tao Yuanming is a utopia of inner peace for all literati. The fog and the moon are "lost", and this place cannot be found at all. The Peach Blossom Spring is in Wuling County, also in Hunan. It may not be far from Chenzhou, but it can't be seen from "Wang Guan". Qin Guan likes to use the word "look out". At the end of his "Man Ting Fang" he also says, "Look out over the high city, the lights are already dusk." "Look out" means that he looks eagerly and for a long time, but he cannot find the peach garden. When he arrived, his soul had nowhere to rest, leaving only his exhausted and relegated body.
"It is worth mentioning that the solitary pavilion is closed in the spring cold, and the setting sun is dusk in the sound of cuckoos." The solitary pavilion, the spring cold, the cuckoos, and the setting sun are four kinds of scenery. When one is no longer available, all four are gathered together, and the loneliness in the heart is How hard it is to be. There is no one in the lonely hall, the spring is cold, the cuckoo cries blood, and the setting sun shines in the west. He once wrote a poem "Like a Dream" at about the same time:
The distant night is as heavy as water, and the wind is tight and the pavilion is deeply closed.
The dream is broken by the mouse peeking into the lamp, and the frost sends dawn and cold invades the quilt.
No sleep, no sleep, horses neighing and people rising outside the door.
The night is long, unable to sleep, and the quilt is always cold. The cold wind blows outside the window, and there is only a broken lamp swaying in the wind. The only thing that can be done at night is to watch the mice steal. Lamp oil, I couldn't sleep well all night, but at dawn I still had to set off and continue on my way to the place where I was demoted.
"Like a Dream" writes about scenes at night, and "Traveling on the Shasha" writes about scenes during the day. It can be imagined that he stayed there from morning to night in such panic, but at night It has just begun, and the scene in "Like a Dream" is just about to happen. The sorrow is boundless and I don’t know when it will stop.
The cuckoo has always been an image of suffering. Starting from Du Yu, the cuckoo’s cries are always bloody, so those who use this image are extremely depressed in their hearts. "The sunset is infinitely beautiful, but it's almost dusk." Even those who discover the beauty of the sunset regret that it's already dusk. The ancients said that when people are in their twilight years and their life is about to be near, they will say "the sun is setting on the west mountain". This kind of poem was very ominous when it was written in Qinguan. Wang Guowei's "Human Words" said: "The mood of Shaoyou's poems is the most sad, and when it comes to 'It's so cold in spring when the lonely house is closed, and the sun is setting in the evening with the sound of cuckoos', it becomes sad." Wang Guowei likes Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy. , and finally threw himself into Kunming Lake, and his soul merged with the lake water. Even he felt that these two sentences were too sad, which shows Qin Guan's inner sadness at this time.
"Send plum blossoms by post, and send them by fish. There are countless regrets in building this." The ancients always said that sending plum blossoms and using fish to pass on letters, Lu Kai's "Poetry to Fan Ye" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties has " I picked up plum blossoms and sent them to the Longtou people. I have nothing in the south of the Yangtze River, so I just want to give you a branch of spring." There is a line in the ancient poem "Drinking Horses at the Great Wall Grottoes": "A guest came from afar and left me a pair of carps, with a ruler in them. Su Shu." sentence. Therefore, later generations often use these two images as synonyms for delivering letters. The arrival of the letter did not relieve my sorrow, but only increased my sorrow and resentment. Yu Xin of the Northern Dynasty said in "Ode to Chou": "If you attack the city of Xuchou, you will never break it, but if you attack the city of Xuchou, you will never be able to open it. What can cook sorrow to make it ripe, and what can burn sorrow to burn it? Close the door and try to drive away sorrow, but sorrow will never give up. Go. I want to avoid sorrow, but I know that there are thousands of sorrows in one inch of my heart.
" is a model of using a vivid way to write about sorrow. Later poets often wrote like this. Qin Guan himself had the metaphors of "boundless silk rain as thin as sorrow" and "feeling red as thousands of sorrows as the sea". The "hate" here is more important than "hate". "Sorrow" is deeper, it is piled up, as if a city of sorrow has been built, and he is locked inside. There is no way to break it, and there is no way to open the gate of this city of sorrow.
"Chen Jiang Xing Since I circled Chenshan Mountain, for whom did I wander down to Xiaoxiang? "In the end, he was alone, facing the Chenjiang River, and seemed to be talking to himself silently. Regarding these two sentences, there are two opinions. One is that "the Chenjiang River cannot bear the loneliness of the mountain city, and has flowed into the distance. , but I still have to stay here and cannot be free. "(Hu Yunyi's "Song Poems") The second is "I am just a scholar. I originally wanted to do something for the court. Just as Chenjiang originally revolved around Chenshan, who would have thought that now I would be involved in everything. How about getting out of the whirlpool of political struggle? "("Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang and Song Poetry") The first statement is quite similar in meaning to what Du Fu's grandfather Du Shenyan said: "I only pity the people of Beijing who are running southward, unlike the water of the Xiangjiang River which is flowing northward. "Both statements are valid, but no matter which statement is made, it is a helpless expression of one's inability to control one's own destiny.
Regarding the last two sentences in "Leng Zhai Night Talk", It is said that Su Shi liked these two sentences very much, so he wrote them on a fan. After Qin Guan's death, Su Shi lamented sadly, "I have traveled so little, how can I redeem myself if I have ten thousand people?" "The master and the disciple reached a consensus on this sentence. To this day, there are still Qin Guan's poem and Su Shi's comment written by Mi Fu in Chenzhou, which are known as the "three unique steles".