Old custom
Poetic style name. That is, "ancient poetry" and "ancient poetry". Li Bai has 59 ancient poems, and Hu Zhenheng in Ming Dynasty said that their contents "don't refer to current events, that is, they are sentimental", among which there are many famous ones.
Poetry in ancient style
Also known as "ancient poetry" and "ancient style". Poetic style name, as opposed to modern poetry. Produced earlier. There is no limit to the number of sentences. There are four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous words. Later generations use more than five or seven words. There is no requirement for confrontation, and even words and rhymes are relatively free.
Four-character poem
Poetic style name. Every sentence in the whole article is four words or mainly four sentences. It is the earliest poetic style in China's ancient poetry. Poems before the Spring and Autumn Period, such as The Book of Songs, are mostly four words. After the Han Dynasty, the style changed slightly. Since the Southern Song and Qi Dynasties, there have been fewer and fewer authors.
An ancient poem with five words per line
Poetic style name. A poem composed of five words. From the Han dynasty. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed greatly in Sui and Tang Dynasties and became one of the main forms of classical poetry, including five-character ancient poems, five-character regular poems and five-character quatrains.
Classical poetry with six words per line.
Poetic style name. The whole article has six words in each sentence. Legend has it that it began in Gu Yong in the Western Han Dynasty. It is said that Dong Fangshuo has "six-character poems", but none of his poems have survived to this day. Kong Rong's six-character poem was the earliest in the late Han Dynasty. There are ancient and secret points. But they are not very popular.
A poem of seven words per line
Poetic style name. Each sentence of the whole article is seven words or mainly seven words, which originated from the folk songs of Han Dynasty. The old theory began with Bailiang Taishi, which may not be credible. Wei's Ge Yanxing is an early pure seven-character poem. In the Tang Dynasty, it had a great development. There are seven-character ancient poems, seven-character regular poems and seven-character quatrains. It is the main form of classical poetry and five-character poetry.
lines
Poetic style name. An ancient poem, originally from Yuefu. There is no certain standard for the sentence length of poetry. The shortest sentence has only one word, long sentences have more than nine or cross, and three, four, five and seven words alternate.
Music bureau
This refers to the ancient music official position. The name of "Yuefu" began in the Western Han Dynasty, and Huidi had a "Yuefu Order". It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that Yuefu was established, in charge of the music used for banquets and road parades at the court, and also adopted folk poems and songs. As a poetic style, Yuefu originally refers to the music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials, and later refers to the poems that can be enjoyed in Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties and the works that later generations imitate Yuefu ancient poems. Ci, Sanqu and opera after Song and Yuan Dynasties are sometimes called Yuefu because of their coordination with music.
Gehang
The fusion of ancient poetry. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, there were quite a few Yuefu poems with the theme of "Song" and "Xing". Although the names are different, there is no strict difference between them. After that, there was a "singing line". Its syllables and rhythms are generally free, and its form adopts the ancient style of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, which is full of changes. "Line" means music. See Biography of Historical Records of Sima Xiangru, Sima Zhen and Suoyin.
Fude
Any poem written by the ancients with the title of "sentence" often has the word "fu" in front of it. In the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Liang Yuan wrote a poem "To Lanzeduo Cao Fang". In the imperial examination era, most poems were written in sentences, so they all started with the word "Fu". It also applies to the works that should be done and the sub-topics of the poets' club. Later, "Fu De" was put into practice as a poetic style, and the theme of "Fu De" was often used by people who wrote poems on the spot.
Connecting poem
One of the ancient ways to write poetry. Two or more people * * * write a poem and connect it into an article. The poem "White Balcony Terrace" which began in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (suspected as a fake by later generations). At first, there was no definite formula, one sentence with one rhyme, two sentences with one rhyme or more, and then down. Later, it was customary to use one person to make the last sentence, and the successors must pair up and then make the last sentence, taking turns to do it. In the old days, it was mostly used for banquets in the upper class and rewards among friends, and there were few excellent works.
Choose poems from different poets to form a poem.
One of the ancient ways to write poetry. Intercept the poems of one generation, one family or several families of predecessors and compile them into one poem. The earliest existing sentence set is Fu Xian's Seven Classics Poetry in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Old-style poetry, modern poetry, modern poetry
They all refer to "metrical poems", which are mainly divided into five sentences, seven sentences, five laws, seven laws and arranged laws. Now don't confuse "modern poetry" with "new poetry".
A long metrical poem (usually five characters per line)
Poetic style name. A kind of metrical poem. Named after the arrangement and extension of metrical poems. Each song has at least ten sentences and as many as one hundred rhymes. In addition to the first and last couplets, the upper and lower sentences need antithesis. There are also antitheses called "Fan Dui".
Quatrain
That is, "a unique poem." Also known as "broken sentences" and "broken sentences". Poetic style name. Cut, break, absolutely, all have the meaning of shortcut, so it is named because there are only four sentences. It is mainly composed of five words and seven words, referred to as five absolutely and seven absolutely. There are six quatrains. Passers-by in the Tang Dynasty clung to their bodies and had certain requirements for leveling and rhyming. Some people say that this poem is made by intercepting half of the metrical poem. But before the formation of regular poems in the Tang Dynasty, there were quatrains, which rhymed and were more free. For example, there is an ancient quatrain in New Yutai Fu, which is used by later generations to distinguish it from modern quatrains.
Lvshi
Poetic style name. A modern poem. Strict rules, hence the name. Originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Eight sentences, four rhymes or five rhymes. The two leagues in the middle must fight each other. The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be played or not, usually in a flat voice. Divided into five words and seven languages, referred to as the five laws and seven laws. Occasionally, there are six methods. If each song has more than ten sentences, it is the law of exclusivity. In a metrical poem, every two sentences are called a pair of couplets. The first couplet (one or two sentences) of the Five Laws and Seven Laws is called the first couplet, the second couplet (three or four sentences) is called the platoon couplet, the third couplet (five or six sentences) is called the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet (seven or eight sentences) is called the tail couplet. The first sentence of each couplet is called "antithesis" and the next sentence is called "antithesis".
You should write poems.
A poem written and reconciled by the emperor in feudal times. After the Tang Dynasty, most of them were arranged in five words, six rhymes or eight rhymes. Most of the content is eulogizing, and a few also stated some expectations for the emperor.
Trial post poem
Poetic style name. Also known as "endowed with appropriate". Originated in the Tang Dynasty, influenced by Tiejing and Tieshi, it was adopted by the imperial examination. Most of them are five-character, six-rhyme or eight-rhyme styles, with ancient poems or idioms as the topic and the word "Fu" as the topic. The rhyme is limited, so the content must be relevant. The restrictions in the Qing dynasty were particularly strict.
Gujue
As for the general name of ancient quatrains that don't talk about hierarchy and level, it is relative to the "law" of modern quatrains. There are many awkward sentences in ancient times, which can be used to rhyme or rhyme. Some quatrains use rhymes, but the whole poem uses metrical sentences, or uses deviations and difficulties allowed by metrical poems.
Ancient custom of entering the law
The floorboard of ancient poetry uses the plane format of modern poetry.
Features are:
1, using legal sentences completely or basically;
2. Change rhyme, mostly flat and even rhyme;
3, usually seven words, four sentences with the same rhyme, the first sentence into the rhyme after the rhyme, the whole poem is like a combination of many "seven musts".
Rhyme based on five-character or seven-character rhymes and folk rhymes
As far as "Ci" is concerned, there are different formats, such as long tone, short order, slow and quotation, with "Ci" as the symbol of the format.
sentence pattern
Sentence patterns refer to the rhythm of a poem. Reference rhythm
Design a composition
As far as the structure and composition of poetry are concerned. For poetry, predecessors have summed up a lot of experience, but in general, there are no four words: Qi, Cheng, Speciality and Harmony.
Flat tone
"Pingdiao" is the ancient people's distinction between tones. In today's Putonghua, "flat tone" refers to the rising tone (flat tone) and the second tone (flat tone), and "flat tone" refers to the three tones (rising tone) and the four tones (falling tone). (Originally, Ping means flat voice, and Xu means three tones in the upper voice, but in Mandarin, the tone has disappeared. )
Four tones in classical Chinese pronunciation
That is, pitch up and down, collectively referred to as four tones.
Stand up and fall.
Stand up means that the first word and the second word of the first sentence are flat, and stand up means that the first word and the second word of the first sentence are flat. This is one of the components of the flat and even sentence pattern in modern poetry. Please refer to the plan section for details.
Flat, flat, flat.
The basic sentence pattern of modern poetry is consistent from beginning to end, such as flat or flat. Please refer to the plan section for details.
The bottom of this sentence is flat.
This is the basic law of rhyme in modern poetry, that is, the previous sentence does not rhyme, the sound is closed, and the next sentence is even.
Contradictions and adjacent sentences
Each pair of a metrical poem is two sentences. The upper sentence and the lower sentence of the same couplet are called antithetical sentences, and the lower sentence of the previous couplet and the upper sentence of the next couplet are called adjacent sentences.
Law society
The first two sentences are "first couplet", three or four sentences are "jaw couplet", five or six sentences are "neck couplet" and seven or eight sentences are "tail couplet".
Viscous pair
That is to say, on a horizontal plane, the opposite sentences are opposite, and the adjacent sentences stick together. Basically, it also follows the formula of "135 regardless, 246 is clear". For details, see the opposite sentence. Adjacent sentences are glued together and correspond to each other.
In antithesis, adjacent sentences are glued together, and the head and tail correspond.
Each pair of a metrical poem is two sentences. The upper sentence and the lower sentence of the same couplet are called antithetical sentences, and the lower sentence of the previous couplet and the upper sentence of the next couplet are called adjacent sentences.
Contrary to the sentence:
It means that the upper and lower sentences in the same couplet are flush, the upper sentence is flush and the next sentence is flush.
Adjacent sentences stick together:
Refers to the beginning of the next sentence of the previous couplet, just like the beginning of the next couplet. For example, the next sentence of the second couplet of Autumn Night in the Mountains, beginning of autumn is flat and flat in the evening, and the last sentence of the third couplet, the moonlight in its pine forest should also be flat, so it is flat and flat, but because the foot of the sentence must be closed with a flat voice, it becomes sticky.
The first and last letter:
The first sentence is the same as the last sentence. For example, the first sentence of autumn night in the deep mountains is that the mountains are empty after the rain, flat and even, and the last sentence is when you are here, ah, the prince of friends? , flat and uniform.
Dislocation and viscosity
Check whether a modern poem follows a stick pair, usually by looking at its even number and the last word. If the sentence is wrong, it is called wrong; If adjacent sentences are not sticky, they are called sticky. Dislocation and stickiness are taboos in modern poetry.
Gu Ping
In addition to rhyme, the whole sentence has only one flat tone, which is called "loneliness", which is the taboo of modern poetry. However, this refers to a flat sentence (that is, a rhyming sentence). If it is a flat sentence, even if there is only one flat word in the whole sentence, it is not an isolated sentence, but at most it is an awkward sentence.
Awkward sentence
A sentence that saves loneliness is called an embarrassing sentence.
Difficult to preserve
One is illegal use, and the other is rescue. Together, it is called hard to save. If we want to use the word "135" instead of the word "flat", we often need to change the word "flat" into the word "flat" in an appropriate place in this sentence or antithesis (or change the word "flat" into the word "flat") to keep the couplet neutral and flat.
Sanpingdiao
There are three tones at the end of the sentence, which are called "three tones". This is a special form of classical poetry, which must be avoided as far as possible when writing modern poetry, and it cannot be remedied.
There are two kinds of three-level tones:
1, five-character sentence: it is flat. If the third word is flat, it becomes: it is flat, which is a three-tone tone tone.
2. The seven-word sentence is "flat and flat". The first and third words can be flat, but the fifth word can't be flat, otherwise it will become a three-tone tone tone.
Gongdui
The two parts of speech of antithesis should be relative, and antithesis like this is called antithesis.
I'm sorry
There are some homonyms that form the duality of work, which is called borrowing.
Liushui team
The upper and lower sentences in couplets are generally different or opposite in content. But sometimes the upper and lower sentences are related and say the same thing. The next sentence is derived from the previous one, and the two sentences are actually one sentence. This is called "flowing water pair".
Put your palms together (as a Buddhist greeting)
The upper and lower sentences in couplets are generally different or opposite in content. If two sentences are completely synonymous or basically synonymous, it is called "crossing hands", which is a taboo in poetry.
rhyme
Refers to the rhyme or book on which a poem is based. In the Sui Dynasty, Lu spoke and wrote Qieyun, which was divided into 206 rhymes. The division was too fine to rhyme. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was stipulated that similar rhymes could be used together. Liu Yuan, a Pingshui person in the Southern Song Dynasty, compiled the Brief Rhyme of the Book of Rites in Renzi New Magazine, and merged the rhymes used together into 107, and later generations simplified them into 106, which is called Pingshui Rhyme. This is a rhyme that has been used to this day. The rhyming books actually used in the Tang Dynasty are roughly the same as those compiled by Heping Yunshui.
rhyme
One is Harmony and Xie Yun. Poetic terminology. It is said that some rhymes, such as pronunciation, are not in harmony with other rhymes of the same poem, so it is necessary to change a certain sound to coordinate the rhymes. Some literati in the Southern and Northern Dynasties read the Book of Songs according to the pronunciation at that time, and found that many poems were not harmonious in rhyme, so they temporarily changed some words in their works to a certain pronunciation. In the Ming Dynasty, Changdi began to use the principle of sound change, thinking that the so-called pronunciation of Ye Yun is an ancient local sound, which can be rhymed by reading the ancient sound and cannot be changed at will.
rhyme
The so-called rhyming (also called rhyming and Ye Yun) means putting the words with the same rhyme in the designated position.
Yunbu
Words with the same vowel sound fall into one category, which is called rhyme. All the words in the homonym are homophones.
Sing a song with others.
Engage in "singing reward" and "singing reward". It is said that poetry pays people.
There are roughly the following ways:
1, and poetry is only for poetry and does not have to rhyme with the original;
2, according to rhyme, also known as homophonic, and poetry and poetry belong to the same rhyme, but do not have to use their original words;
3. Rhyme, that is, use the words in the original rhyme without following the order;
4, order, also known as rhyme, that is, the use of its original rhyme, and the order must be consistent.
Yi Yun
That is, use words that rhyme with the original poem, but don't necessarily use their original words.
rhyme
Use the rhymes in the original poem, but not necessarily in their order.
Follow a given or another poet's rhythmic sequence.
Also known as rhyme, that is, using the same rhyme words in the original poem, and the order must be the same, which is the most common way.
Chuyun
Most ancient poems were written according to the official rhyme, and many words that we thought were homophones were included in different rhymes in the official rhyme, such as "winter" and "east". If you are juxtaposed in the same poem, it is rhyming.
middle cloud
That is, the same rhyme word appears repeatedly in the rhyme of a poem, which is a big taboo.
Yun Tong
The rhyme of classical poetry can be mixed with the rhyme of neighboring rhymes, such as Dong Yi and Er Dong, Si Zhi and Wu Wei, which are called tongyun.
Change the rhyme
Also known as "rhyme". Poetic terminology. Except for metrical poems and quatrains, ancient poems, especially long poems, can change their rhymes freely, and are not limited to flat, oblique or neighboring poems. When turning rhyme, it is often to change the rhyming sentence first, and then to follow the rhyming foot at the end.
Narrow rhyme
A rhyme with few words is called narrow rhyme and dangerous rhyme.
Fenyun
One of the ancient ways to write poetry. It means that when writing a poem, several words are defined as rhyme, and everyone chooses rhyme to write a poem according to rhyme, which is called "rhyme separation" and "rhyme". Ancient poets often used conjunctions, but later they were not limited to conjunctions. Bai Juyi's poem "Flower House Looking at the Snow Banquet" reads: "Plain wall rhymes, red stove patrols to drink cold and warm cups."
Subtheme
One of the ancient ways to write poetry. Several people get together and find a topic to write poems. This is called sub-topic, also called exploration. Generally speaking, everything is a topic and * * * is assigned. The poetic style of Cang Hua in Song Dynasty: "The ancients divided the topic, or each gave a thing, such as a cloud sending people to divide the topic and get a thing." Subtitles sometimes rhyme, but they are not limited.
advance and retreat
Also known as "advance and retreat rhyme". Poetic terminology. One of the special forms of adjacent rhyme. Song's poem "Cang Hua" has a poetic style: "Whoever has pulley rhyme, double out and double in. Those who advance and retreat must advance and retreat. "
Wei Qingzhi's Poet Jade Scrap quoted the Miscellaneous Notes of the Prime Minister, saying that Zheng Gu, Miracle, Aunt Huang and others in the Tang Dynasty set the following poetic style as an example: "Each poem has several rhymes: a gourd, a pulley, and a retreat." Advance and retreat are two rhymes, that is, the second and sixth sentences rhyme with a rhyme, and the fourth and eighth sentences rhyme with b rhyme, such as "cold", "deletion" or "fish" and "danger", so it is called.
pulley
Also known as "anchor rhyme". Poetic terminology. Cases that rhyme with advance and retreat. The windlass rhymes, double out and double in. That is, the second and fourth sentences use the rhyme a, and the sixth and eighth sentences use the rhyme b, such as "seven dangers" first, then "six fish" and so on. , also known as the pulley.
Huluge
Also known as "gourd rhyme". Poetic terminology. Cases that rhyme with advance and retreat. Huluyun, first two and then four. Such as "East" and "Winter", the first two rhymes are "East" and the last four rhymes are "Winter". First small and then big, like a gourd, hence the name.