Jian 'an literature actually includes the literature of Jian 'an period and Wei Chu. At this time, the literary world was centered on Cao Shi and his son, and a group of writers such as RoyceWong and Serina Liu gathered around them. Compared with the Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty, this is a new generation that grew up in the turmoil. Both political ideals and ambitions, but also pragmatic spirit, open-minded attitude and adaptability; They are no longer confined to Confucianism, showing a distinct personality. Their works reflect the turbulent times. The lofty political ideal, short life lament, strong personality and strong tragic color constitute the era style of Jian 'an Style. "Jian 'an Style" was highly praised by later poets and became a banner against lewd and weak poetic style. As for Shu Wu Wenxue, it is in a state of silence.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, under the atmosphere of the gentry talking about Hyunri, metaphysical poetry came into being, and the confluence of metaphysics and Buddhism in the Eastern Jin Dynasty contributed to its development, so that metaphysical temple occupied a hundred years in the poetry circle in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, metaphysical poetry turned to landscape poetry, and Xie Lingyun was the first person to write landscape poetry vigorously. The appearance of landscape poetry has expanded the theme of poetry and enriched the expressive techniques of poetry, which is a great progress in the history of China's poetry. During the Jin and Song Dynasties, a great poet-Tao Yuanming appeared. He discovered poetry in his daily life and created a new garden of pastoral poetry. He brought the simple poetic style of the Han and Wei Dynasties into a more refined situation and raised "nature" to the extreme of beauty. He was the highest literary achiever in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and had a great influence on the later literary development. There was an important turning point in literature between Jin and Song Dynasties, and later it pursued the beauty of artistic form.
Bao Zhao's breakthrough in Qiyan Yuefu in the Song Dynasty and the fresh breath brought by folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are also of great significance. There are two noteworthy literary phenomena in the Qi and Liang Dynasties. First, the poetic style has changed a lot. Zhou Qing discovered four tones in Chinese, and Shen Yue applied the knowledge of four tones to the melody of poetry, and together with Xie Tiao and Wang Rong, he founded "Yongming Style". They tried to establish a strict and harmonious poetic meter, and made many new explorations in terms of words, things and duality. This made necessary preparations for the formation of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty, and "Yongming style" became an important form of transition from ancient poetry to modern poetry. Secondly, a group of people gathered around the emperor and the prince, forming three literary groups centered on Wang Xiaoliang Zi, Jingling of the Southern Qi Dynasty, ZSZSZSZ and Xiao Tong of the Liang Dynasty and Xiao Gang of the Liang Dynasty. Group participation in creative activities can easily lead to the convergence of materials and styles, and can also improve artistic skills through mutual learning. During the period of Liang and Chen, palace poems became the mainstream of poetry creation, mainly expressing palace life with gorgeous words and expressions, with many themes of chanting things, and women also became the objects of chanting things like other palace vessels. This creative atmosphere continued until the early Tang Dynasty, and it was only in the hands of the "Four Masters" and Chen Ziang that there was a fundamental change.
The confrontation between the north and the south and the unbalanced cultural development lead to different styles of writing between the north and the south, beautiful in the south and simple in the north. This is evident in the folk songs of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, the confrontation between the north and the south did not cut off the cultural exchanges between the north and the south, and the exchanges between scholars and the dissemination of documents were recorded. The traces of the poems of the Northern Dynasties imitating the Southern Dynasties are quite obvious. At the end of the Liang Dynasty, Yu Xin's northward movement promoted the exchange of literary styles between the North and the South, and he also became a master of literature in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. There are many excellent essays in the Northern Dynasties, such as Notes on Shui Jing, Notes on Galand in Luoyang, Family Instructions of Yan Family, etc. The literary achievements in the late Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty attracted the attention of scholars in the Southern Dynasties. Northern culture also has an influence on southern literature, especially in music and Buddhism. After the Sui Dynasty unified China, the cultural exchanges between the North and the South continued to expand and deepen, and finally a new literary peak appeared in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In the history of China literature, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are a period of brewing new changes, and many new literary phenomena are gestating, budding and growing, showing new vitality. A vivid, pioneering and creative literary impulse made the literary world appear scene after scene, which is the charm of literature in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Generally speaking, this new change can be summarized as the following three points: literature enters the stage of consciousness, and literary creation tends to be personalized; The rise of metaphysics and the introduction of Buddhism have brought new factors to literary creation; The discovery of formal beauty of language and its application in literature. As far as the development of style is concerned, five-character poems have inherited the tradition of Han Yuefu, enhanced the poet's personality, and achieved considerable development and reached its peak; The prosperity of a poetic prose, namely parallel prose, became an important literary phenomenon in this period. China literature has added a new lyric style, which can give full play to the formal beauty of China language; In the Han dynasty, the great fu which was in its heyday evolved into a lyrical small fu, and the prosperity of parallel prose added the elements of parallel prose. Parallel Prose and Parallel Prose reached their peak in Liang and Chen Dynasties. Seven-character ancient poems were established at this time and made gratifying achievements; The fresh breath of folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties stimulated poets to try new things. Coupled with other factors, quatrains prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. At this time, novels have begun to take shape, which laid the foundation for China's novels, and a number of famous novels about strange stories and characters appeared. It took 393 years to brew these new changes. Although it seems a little long, compared with the literary achievements of the Han Dynasty of about 400 years, we can't help but say that the literary achievements of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are considerable. Without this period of brewing, there would be no climax of Tang poetry, and there would be no overall prosperity of Tang literature.