Just like the sound of people's rings hitting each other, (my) mood is happy. Cut down the bamboo, open a road (walk over), walk along the road, and see a small pool, which is particularly clear.
The pool is based on the whole stone, close to the shore, and some parts at the bottom of the stone are turned over to expose the water. It has become rocks, islands, lakes and rocks of various shapes.
Lush trees and green vines, covered and twisted, covered, twisted, shaken, connected, uneven, blowing in the wind. There are about a hundred fish in the pond. It seems that they are all swimming in the air, and there is nothing to rely on.
The sun shines directly on the bottom of the water, and the shadow of the fish is reflected on the rocks at the bottom of the water. Just motionless, suddenly swam away, coming and going, soon, as if happy with tourists.
Looking to the southwest of Xiaoshitang, I saw the stream winding like the Big Dipper, winding like a snake, partly visible and partly invisible. The shape of the creek bank is as uneven as a dog's teeth, and it is impossible to know where its source is.
Sitting on a small stone pool, surrounded by bamboo and green trees, it is quiet and empty. I feel sad, cold, silent and deep.
Because the environment here is too bleak to stay long, I wrote down all the scenery and left. My traveling companions are Wu Wuling, Gong Gu and my brother Zong Xuan.
They were accompanied by two young people named Cui. One is forgiveness and the other is bongyi.
According to the old practice, I watched the tide in sanjiang town, but I didn't. In the afternoon, someone preached noisily: "The dark tide is surging this year!" It happens every year.
In August of the 13th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Chen and Qi and I went to Baiyang to pay our respects to Zhu. Someone on the seawall shouted to watch the tide. I hurried to see it, followed by Zhang Hou and Shi Pei.
Standing on the pond, I saw the distant tide head like a line, rushing from Haining to the pond. When (the tide) approaches slightly, (the spray) appears pale white, like driving thousands of geese to spread their wings and beat the water.
It's getting closer. The water splashed by foam (tide) covered the river like a million snow lions, as if it were whipped by lightning. Millions of snow lions gathered together, and no one dared to lag behind and rushed to the top. Come any closer, and the water will beat the coast like a hurricane.
The watchman backed away in horror and ran to hide under the pond. When the tide hits the pond, try your best to hit it. As soon as the spray hits, it will shoot away and splash a few feet high. Look at the hipster's face is wet.
(Tide) whirled to the right and was blocked by Baiyang Mountain. It growled as if it were angry. It smashed the Longqiu Waterfall with a cannon, and the waves flew in mid-air like snowflakes. I was shocked to see such a scene, and I sat for a long time before I recovered my calm.
Ancestors said: "The tide in Zhejiang started from Xiaosheng Mountain and Zheshi Mountain." Baiyang Mountain is outside these two mountains, but the tide is bigger. Why? Confucius said, "At the age of fifteen, I am interested in learning. At the age of thirty, I know etiquette and do things according to etiquette. At the age of forty, I have mastered all kinds of knowledge without being confused. By the time I was fifty, I had mastered the laws of nature. At sixty, I can understand what others say without thinking. Seventy years old, do whatever you want, and don't overstep the bounds. "
Confucius said: "if you only study without thinking, you will be confused;" If you only dream about not studying, you will get nothing. Zi Gong asked, "Why did Kong Wenzi want posthumous title to write? Confucius replied, "He is smart and flexible, loves learning, and is not ashamed to ask questions, so he uses the word" Wen "as posthumous title. "
Confucius said: "For example, if you build a mountain with a mound of earth, you only need a basket of earth to complete it.". If you stop at this moment, I will stop. " For example, if I fill a depression, even if I only pour a basket of soil, I will continue to work and I will move forward. Mencius said, "It is not surprising that Wang is not wise." .
Even if there is a plant that is the easiest to grow in the world, it can't grow if it is frozen for ten days a day. I seldom see your majesty.
I spend too little time with the king. I retired at home, and those sycophants took the opportunity to come to the king. How can we sprout a kind heart? For example, playing chess is just a small skill; But if you don't concentrate on your studies, you won't learn. Benqiu is the best chess player in the country. If Benqiu teaches two people to play chess at the same time, one of them will listen attentively to what Qiu Yi says. Although the other one was listening, he always felt that a swan was coming and was bent on shooting it with a bow and arrow.
Although this person studies with dedicated people, he can't compare with that person. Is it because he is not as clever as that man? Answer: Of course not. "
Mencius said:' It is better to believe everything without books. I only took two or three pieces of Wucheng in Shangshu.
Benevolent people are invincible in the world. With such a very humane person, how can you bleed to death to crusade against such a very inhuman person as Yin? In ancient times, people who read books were to enrich themselves and make up for their shortcomings. Nowadays, people who study are trying to please and show off to others. In ancient times, people who read books were all for others, promoting their own ideas and benefiting society. Nowadays, people who study are all for their own needs, and Xiu De is for being an official.
Learning is like planting a fruit tree. You can enjoy its flowers in spring and pick its fruits in autumn. Explaining and commenting on articles is like enjoying spring flowers; Xiu De is conducive to carrying out his ideas, just like picking autumn fruits.
People are sharp in spirit when they are young, and their thoughts are easily dispersed when they grow up. Therefore, we should educate our children as early as possible and don't miss the opportunity. When I was seven years old, I recited "Lingguang Dian Fu". To this day, I look back every ten years and still have not forgotten it.
After the age of 20, the back sutra was left there for a month, and it was abolished. Of course, but people will always get into trouble and lose the opportunity to learn when they are in their prime. They should seize the time to study in their later years and not give up on themselves.
Confucius said, "You don't make a big mistake when you learn the Book of Changes at the age of fifty." Wei Wudi and Yuan Yi, who studied harder when they were old, are both examples of diligent study since childhood.
Ceng Zi didn't start studying until he was seventeen.
2. Urgently seek translation of classical Chinese, and take advantage of danger to attack Guo. Gong persuaded: "Guo is outside Yuzhou. When the State of Guo dies, the State of Yu will die with it. We should not arouse the ambition of Jin State, nor should we treat the invading enemy lightly. Borrowing the road once is too much. How can there be a second time? As the saying goes,' the car and the car version depend on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold' refers to the relationship between the two countries. " Qi Huangong said, "Kim is my relative. Will it hurt me? " Gong said, "Uncle Yu Zhong is the son of Zhou. Taber didn't obey Wang Tai, so he didn't succeed to the throne. Wang Ji's sons, Guo Zhong and Guo Shu, were the ruling ministers of Zhou Wenwang, and their achievements were recorded in the royal family and collected in the government responsible for the Covenant of life planning. Jin is bent on destroying Guo. What love does Kim have for Yu? Besides, can the relationship between Yu State and Jin State be closer than that between Uncle Huan and Zhuangbo, even if Jin State loves Yu State? Uncle Huan and Zhuang Bo have any crimes, but they are the targets of murder. Isn't it because they bullied themselves into the Jin Dynasty? The closest relatives threatened with respect and love, but they still killed them, let alone countries? " Yu Gong said, "The things I sacrificed are rich and clean, and God will bless me." Gong replied: "I heard that ghosts and gods are not close to individuals, but only based on virtue." Therefore, Zhou Shu said, "There are no close relatives in the sky, only virtuous people." He also said,' Sacrificing grain has no fragrance, and Mingde has fragrance.' He also said:' People can't be sacrificed, only virtue can be sacrificed. In this way, without virtue, the people are not harmonious, and God does not come to enjoy the sacrifice. God is based on virtue. If the State of Jin seized the State of Yu and offered the God of Mingde as a incense sacrifice, would God spit it out? "Danger and don't listen, agreed to the angel of the state of jin. Gong led his family away, saying, "Yu Can can't celebrate the New Year's Day. On this fake trip, the state of Jin no longer needs to send troops. "
This winter, the State of Jin destroyed the State of Guo. The army came back, lived in the pavilion in Yuzhou, attacked Yuzhou while it was unprepared, destroyed Yuzhou, and captured Yugong.
There is a classical Chinese with unknown name, which needs to be translated urgently. In winter, there is a peony, which is as tall as a Tibetan, with branches of Ke 'e (1) and hundreds of flower clusters. If the host looks at other people differently, it will be a big loss. Considering that there is no place for him to make flowers, the court, the old book, move its place to make way. The brocade of power is a candle. Suitable for mountains, suitable for courts. Let's move, winter is not spring. Old friends and flowers often have two sides. If the child looks good, it will be destroyed if it is not appropriate, and it will die if it is not timely. The resentment of the flower is sincere. If the whole world is full of thorns and thorns, children will be too angry to move away. When Peony came, he never said to himself,' It suits the price in Jyuugo'. The flowers in the palace are not necessarily unfamiliar, and the children are still in the same place, whether they are new or unfamiliar. At that time, although the new one came, the old one was not allowed, and then it did not die. If you don't hurry back to the old place, you will die, but you won't. My son is anxious and doesn't know the physical properties. He doesn't know the difference between soil and soil. He likes the left and is angry with the right. The master is moody, and he has spent all his life! The child's illness depends on his own respect and low things, and the cause and effect know the darkness. He relies on himself and doesn't ask others. His life is so wonderful! "The host can't answer, please use the inkstone to cut the manuscript, and remember the warning. In winter, an old man picked a peony on the mountain with hundreds of buds. The host looked at it with special respect and paid a high price. He is afraid that other places are not suitable for this kind of peony. (Master) always feels very proud. Soon, the flowers bloom, and the petals are as thin as cicadas, which is not as good as the original peony. So the owner moved it angrily to the mountain and then to the wall, and the peony died soon. The owner felt sorry for the original peony and hated the courtyard space, so he moved the original peony back to its original place. Within a few days, it also died. The visiting guests complained to the host: "The host said, plant things suitable for growing in the mountains in the yard and things suitable for growing in the yard. If it moves, it should be winter instead of spring. So people and flowers can always have the best of both worlds. Since you think those peonies are excellent varieties according to their appearance, you will destroy them rudely and transplant them out of season as soon as you see them. It is natural that peony flowers die with grievances. Things like thorns in the sun and quinoa thorns are 100 times lower than peony. You can't move them all just because you are angry. When the peony came, it didn't say to itself,' You should value my value, plant me in the yard, uproot your old flowers and give me this new one.' A month's time, cherish it, belittle it, all by yourself. It's wrong to blame flowers and not yourself! Old peony flowers in the court are not necessarily valuable. You'd better move them back to their original place, thinking that they are better than the new ones. Although the new peony was bought at first, the old peony would not be picked first, and it would be better to grow flowers and transplant them, so that none of them would die. You are in a hurry, you don't know biological habits, and you don't know whether the soil is suitable or not. Joy praises it, anger destroys it, and so does the Lord. Your mistake is to value yourself, despise biology, be arbitrary and lack knowledge. You are self-righteous and don't discuss with others. In the future, there will probably be no flowers and trees in your yard. The master couldn't answer, so he was going to write it down as a warning.
4. Translation of classical Chinese is urgently needed. The original book in the mountain and Pei Xiucai are close to the twelfth lunar month, and the economy is smooth and the mountains are accessible.
You were reviewing a book, but you didn't dare to disturb it in a hurry. You went to the mountain, rested in Juesi, hosted dinner with the same temple, and left. North involves Xuanba (bà), and the bright moon reflects Guo.
Climbing Huazigang at night, the rim (w m￠ng) is full of water and goes up and down with the moon. In the distance, the cold mountain is shining, the fire is flickering, and the forest outside can be seen clearly.
The dog barks in the alley, barking like a leopard. There was a flood of rice in the village, and the scattered bells staggered.
At this time, sitting alone, the servant was silent and thoughtful (n m: ng), and used to write poems hand in hand and take a clear road. In mid-spring, vegetation grows, spring mountains can be expected, and the water is light. Bai Ou is full of wings, wet and green (gāo), and Mai Changchen (gü u), not far away. If you can swim past me? If you are not different in nature, may I invite you to do your own thing?
And this has a deep purport! No negligence. There are different people who are carrying Berberis amurensis (bò) and Wang, a mountain man.
[Edit this paragraph] The text explains the climate. After dinner (qi finished eating.
It's over, it's over. Black means that the water is dark green and black.
Once upon a time n m: ng x: and』 once upon a time; A narrow path in the past.
[Correcting wings] Spread your wings. Correct. Lift it up.
[Yes] here it is. Very (unusual).
Visiting, which means visiting (accusing), means being humble. In the past, pheasants sang on the ground near the water. [Edit this paragraph] The translation is now close to the end of1February. I know you are reviewing the scriptures (preparing for the exam), so I dare not disturb you easily, so I went to the temple on the mountain for a rest alone, and then I had a vegetarian meal with the monks and left.
Beidu Bashui River (returning home), the battlements have been reflected in the clear moon. Climb Huazigang at night and see the river rippling in the moonlight.
In winter, distant mountain fires sway among the trees. You can also hear dogs barking like leopards in the deep alley.
At night, the sound of beating ch not ng meters in the village is intertwined with the sparse bells from the temple. At this time, all the servants have fallen asleep, and I am the only one sitting quietly, often thinking about the days when I was with you. (We) write poems hand in hand, stroll along the path and stand by the clean stream.
Next spring, when grass trees spread and grow, you can see the mountains are green, white herring emerges from the water, Bai Ou spreads its wings and flies, the river bank is wet with dew, and pheasants crow in the early morning wheat fields. Not too far. Do you want to play a game? If it weren't for you, a person with a kind nature and lofty temperament, how could I invite you with such an unimportant thing? However, there is a strong interest here! Don't ignore it. The person who entrusted Berberis amurensis sent you a letter by the way. You can't say everything.
Mountain man Wang Wei said. [Edit this paragraph] Background information Wang Wei's five laws, five seven unique accomplishments are the highest, and he is also good at other styles, which is very prominent in the Tang Dynasty poetry circle.
Its seven methods, either vigorous and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, are all imitations of the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. The seven ancient forms are neatly arranged and the momentum is erratic.
Prose is quiet and meaningful, full of poetry, such as The Mountain and Pei Xiucai's Book. Wang Wei enjoyed great fame both before and after his death, and was known as "the literate sect in the world" and "Shi Fo".
Have a great influence on future generations. [Edit this paragraph] Appreciate Wang Wei's seclusion in Wangchuan for twenty years before and after Kaiyuan. He has a special affection for rural scenery and natural scenery, and wrote many poems to praise the life and scenery there. In seclusion, he often talks with Sang Ma, drinks poems with friends and talks with monks. Among these people, Pei Di is his best companion. Long before they moved to Wangchuan, they lived in seclusion together in Zhong Nanshan. After Song Wenzhi got Lantian Villa, they often "live in peace, play the piano and recite poems all day long". Wangchuan Collection is a collection of their songs and poems, which records their life and leisure. At the time of writing this letter, Pei Di has gone home to review the scriptures and prepare for the exam. Wang Wei was so lonely that he had to go up the mountain alone to enjoy the scenery. Therefore, the mountains can cross. "The mountain scenery in the cold winter at the end of the year is also very beautiful and moving in Wang Wei's eyes. So he didn't elaborate on how the mountain flourished, but specifically talked about the night scene he saw when he came back after dinner: the water was deep and the moonlight shone on the city; Wangchuan rippled in the moonlight; You can see the lights on the mountain through the Woods; The barking of cold dogs in the village lane, the sound of midnight and the scattered bells in the mountain temple came together. The author wrote about the night scene. Rivers, battlements and distant fires are all seen in the dim moonlight, while dogs barking, midnight and sparse bells are heard in the dark. The author wrote the scenery characteristics of that cold night through what he saw and heard, which is more realistic. Below. He couldn't help thinking of the past. When he walked with Pei Di and found a secluded place to visit and win, he happily wrote a poem on the clear stream. This passage is about the experience and feelings of a day's sightseeing, but from "accusations dare not interfere with each other" to "thinking about the past and thinking about the future", it is about Pei Di's thoughts. This is the purpose of the letter, which is to arouse the interest of the other party in traveling with Laoshan. This is a formal invitation. Wang Wei hopes that Pei Di will come next spring. He called each other with the wonderful spring scenery he imagined. The following June 4th words of "all plants and soldiers" succinctly describe a vibrant landscape. Silver carp swims briskly in the water, Bai Ou spreads its wings and flies, pheasants sing in the wheat field, and plants dye the spring mountain green. Dew moistened the bank. All this is in sharp contrast with the quiet and quiet at the end of the year. The author not only maintains a strong sense of wandering in the cold winter night, but also keenly feels that spring is coming soon, and he has begun to taste a strong interest in the future, which shows that Wang Wei, a mountain man, is a "wonderful person", that is, he has a strong interest in natural scenery. Someone who has a deep understanding of Jiashan Lishui. He can not only find the hazy and clear scenery in the cold winter night at the end of the year, but also imagine the beauty and moving of spring with his own experience. People say that Wang Wei has paintings in his poems, but in fact, Wang Weiwen also has paintings. Although the Book of Mountains and Pei Xiucai is a letter, it can be said that it is also a beautiful prose written by the author in the poet's language and the painter's conception, and a lyric poem praising natural scenery and expressing friendship. Wang Wei and Pei Di (Chen Tiemin) had the most frequent contacts with Wang Wei in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
5. Translate this article from classical Chinese into modern Chinese. What I found was not the beginning, but a paragraph in the article.
original text
Every sound has a sink, and every sound has a double fold. Double tones are separated by words, and every sentence is repeated, which must be seen; The sound is broken when sinking, but it doesn't return when flying: Lenovo pulley ②. Compared with lamella, going back and forth after taking a detour (3) is a disease and eaten by literati. Husband treats literature as a problem, is born in a good paradox, and pursues new interests and differences, so the dispute between throat and lips; If you want to untie this knot, you must break it. The left obstacle seeks the right, and the last delay seeks the front, then the sound turns to kiss, and Lingling (5) is like a jade; Bad words are like pearls. It is to paint a beautiful picture with sound, send it to chant, sing out the taste, the words flow, and the phonology is poor. Different sounds are subordinate to sum, and homophones correspond to rhyme. Rhyme is certain, so Yusheng is easy to make; Harmony with the body is suppressed, so it is difficult to make a sound. It is easy to write skillfully, difficult to choose harmony, difficult to compose music and easy to rhyme. Although the meaning of fiber has changed, it is impossible to talk about it, but it vibrates its outline without making any comments.
translate
There are two kinds of sounds: flying sound and sinking sound, and there are two kinds of sounds of words: disyllabic sound and overlapping rhyme. It is not easy to read two disyllabic words separately, and it must be awkward for two rhyming words to leave; It is inconvenient to read a sentence full of cadence, and the voice seems to be interrupted; The flat voice full of flying words is not easy to read, and the tone is like flying out and never coming back. Together, they rotate up and down like pulleys, and it is difficult to arrange them closely like scales; If you violate the law of harmony between sound and rhythm, you will gnash your teeth when you read it. This disease is like a writer stuttering. The reason why the article has stuttering is that the writers like strangeness, and the words tend to be too weird, which makes the dispute of phonology messy. Want to untie this knot, mainly lies in resolutely and decisively quit drug addiction. If there is an obstacle on the left, you can also find the fault from the right. If it is not smooth in the end, you can also adjust it from above. In this way, the tone sounds very round and crisp, like the sound made by Baoyu, and the words sound very pleasant, round and like countless strings of pearls. Therefore, the beauty and evil of the rhyme of the article are pinned on the chanting, the charm is revealed from the definite sentence, and the strength is used in the rhyme. The harmony of tones in a sentence is called harmony, and the echo of rhyme at the end of the sentence is called rhyme. Rhyme has certain rules, so it is easy to arrange homophones; Tone and harmony should pay attention to the change of pitch, so it is difficult to coordinate the left sound. It is easy to write an article with a pen, but it is difficult to choose the harmony of colors; Conjunction is difficult to be precise, but rhyme is easy. Although the subtle twists and turns are difficult to describe in detail, their general outline will not go beyond these discussions.
Quoted from:
6. Translators of classical Chinese ② prefer to read more articles rather than make more articles; I don't know that reading more books is based on people's time, but doing more is a practical effort and its benefits are far from enough. People who are unhappy and do a lot are probably because of difficulties and pain; I don't know the hardships and pains, because I'm not familiar with my handwriting. If it is difficult to write a composition after being abandoned, there is no need to write an article and a half every day; It is natural and easy to play until you are mature. Don't slack off because of poor quality, and don't be lazy to do it. The article can't be done at once, so it must be corrected frequently. This meaning is indispensable for scholars.
Word annotation
(1) from the article only do better, the author Tang Biao. Scholar: a person who is engaged in learning. 3 borrow: the same as "borrow", damn it. ④ Frequency: several times in a row.
Poetry translation
People who study often only like to read other people's articles and don't like to write more articles themselves; However, I don't know that reading other people's articles is based on their ability to write articles. Only by writing more articles can I really improve my writing level, and the gap between the two will become bigger and bigger. People don't like to write more articles by themselves, mostly because writing articles is difficult and laborious; But I don't know why it is difficult and laborious, because the writing skills are not skilled. If it is difficult to write an article after thinning, it is not bad to write an article and a half every day; Practice step by step until you are proficient, and you will naturally feel easy to write. In addition, you can't be lazy because you don't write well. An article can't be a masterpiece at one time, but it has to be revised many times before it can reach a subtle level. People who are engaged in learning can't help but know the meaning above.