At the age of eight, Shelley began to try to write poetry. During his time at Eton College, Shelley and his cousin Thomas co-wrote the poem The Wandering Jew and published the satirical novel Zastroch. 18 10 years old, Shelley 18 years old entered Oxford university, deeply influenced by the works of British free thinkers Hume and godwin. Shelley habitually wrote his thoughts on God, politics and society in pamphlets and distributed them to some strangers. After reading them, he asked their opinions. 1811On March 25th, Shelley was expelled from Oxford University for spreading the inevitability of atheism. Shelley's father is an old-fashioned squire. He asked Shelley to publicly declare that he had nothing to do with the necessity of atheism, but Shelley refused, so he was kicked out of the house.
Shelley was cut off from financial support and lived a lonely life with the help of two sisters. During this period, he met Harriet Westbrook, a classmate of his sister and the daughter of an innkeeper. Shelley has only met this 16-year-old girl several times. She's cute and pathetic. When Shelley saw her letter in Wales that she was abused by her father at home, she resolutely rushed back to London and eloped with the poor girl who admired him. They got married in Edinburgh and lived in York after marriage.
18 12 February 12 Shelley, who sympathized with Ireland's forced merger by Britain, took his wife to Dublin. In order to support the liberation of Irish Catholics, Shelley made an impassioned speech there, and distributed the letter and the proposal to set up a charity association to the Irish people. Driven by political enthusiasm, Shelley traveled all over Britain in the following year, distributing pamphlets of his free thoughts. In the same year, the narrative poem Queen Mabu was completed in June 5438 +065438+10. This poem is full of philosophy, attacking the hypocrisy of religion and all inequalities between the feudal class and the working class.
Shelley's marriage was attacked by his enemies as the best weapon from the beginning. When the romantic chivalry was cooled by reason, the truer side of his hasty marriage began to appear with the growth of two people. Shelley had to admit that marriage didn't help his wife. Marriage just ties two people together to endure another kind of torture. Mentally and emotionally, the difference between the two people is getting bigger and bigger. During this period, Shelley met godwin's daughter mary wollstonecraft godwin (1797-185 1 year). They fell in love and went to the European continent. Their ideals of love and marriage are so pure that even the harshest critics are speechless. After Shelley died, Mary edited and annotated all his poems.
18 15, Shelley's grandfather died. Shelley, who was very poor at that time, got an annuity according to the eldest son inheritance law at that time, but he refused to share it with his sister. This year, besides Alaste, Shelley wrote more essays about philosophy and politics.
In May of the following year, I traveled to Europe with Mary, and kept close contact with Byron by the lake of Geneva. The friendship between the two great poets of his time remained until Shelley died. Shelley's later work Julian and Maddalo is based on Byron and himself. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Shelley's wife threw herself into the river. In court, because she is the author of Queen Mabel, the judge awarded her father-in-law the right to raise two children. Because of this, Shelley suffered a heavy blow, and even his closest friends were afraid to mention their children in front of him. Out of pain and anger, Shelley wrote to judges and judges. Shelley married Mary, and in order not to affect the custody of the children born to him and Mary, Shelley and his family left England forever.
From 18 18 to 18 19, Shelley completed two important long poems, Prometheus Liberated and Qianqi, with his immortal masterpiece ode to the west wind. Prometheus Liberated can't be published as well as Queen Mabel, and Shelley's most mature and perfect work, Thousand Wonders, is called "the worst work of our time, as if it were written by the devil" by British critics.
182 1 On February 23rd, john keats passed away. In June, Shelley wrote to Adoni to express his condolences to Keats, and accused the British literary world and the social situation that led to Keats' early death.
1On July 8th, 822, Shelley was caught in a storm on his way back to Lerich from the Lehanduhai by his own boat "Don Juan", and the boat capsized. Shelley and the two people on board survived. According to local laws in Tuscany, anything floating from the sea must be burned. Shelley's body was cremated by his friends Byron and Trelawney in a Greek ceremony. They put frankincense on the corpse and sprinkled salt on the fire. In June 5438+the following year 10, Shelley's ashes were brought back to Rome and buried in his ideal resting place.
Main work
poetic sentiment
Song of the Irish (1809)
War (war, 18 10)
The devil's road (18 12)
Queen of Monoclonal Antibodies (Queen of Monoclonal Antibodies, 18 13)
A pacifist felt the overthrow of Bonaparte (Republic's feelings about the fall of Bonaparte, 18 16).
Marianne's dream (Marianne's dream, 18 17)
To the Chief Justice (18 17)
Osiman Diez (Ozymandias, 18 17)
Passing away (past events, 18 18)
Withered violets (on withered violets, 18 18)
Call for suffering (18 18)
To Mary (to Mary, 18 18)
Islamic rebellion (18 18)
Ode to the west wind (,18 19).
Hungry mother (hungry mother, 18 19)
Rosalind and Helen.
Sensitive plants (1820)
Cloud (Cloud, 1820)
A lark (1820)
Ode to Freedom (Ode to Freedom, 1820)
Prometheus the Free (1820)
Adonis (adonis, 182 1)
A broken lamp (line, 1822)
drama
Qianqi (Cenci, 18 19, tragedy in five acts)
The tyrannical Oedipus Trenos (1820, poetic drama)
Greece (Greece, 182 1, lyric drama)
Papers and essays
The inevitability of atheism (18 1 1)
Refuting Deism (18 14)
Proposal on putting the reform into a referendum (18 17)
The Defense of Poetry (182 1)
translate
Plato's "Drinking"
Homer's Venus Zan, etc.
Part of Dante's "Hell"
Goethe's Faust part
Attach a poem.
Withered violets on withered violets
The smell of the flower disappeared, and so did the fragrance of this flower.
Blow on me like your kiss; Just like the breath of your kiss to me;
The color of the flower has faded, the color of this flower has faded,
Shining your light, only you! As clever as you used to be, only you!
A shriveled, lifeless and empty body, a shrinking, dead and empty body,
It lies on my abandoned chest, on my abandoned chest,
Laugh at the warm heart and rest with it cold and silent.
Rest with cold and silence. Laugh at my still burning heart.
I cry-my tears can't wake it up; I cry, tears can't wake it up;
I sigh-it doesn't breathe to me anymore; I sigh, its breath will never;
Its fate of silence without complaining, its fate of silence without complaining,
This is what I should do. I just deserve it.
Ode to the West Wind
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Wild autumn wind, you autumn elf!
Didn't see you, the dead leaves have been swept away,
Like a bunch of ghosts who run away without seeing the mage-
They are either brown and black, or pale and flush.
This is indeed a large area suffering from plague; You ah,
You send flying seeds to winter,
Let them sleep in the dark underground,
Like a corpse lying in its own grave,
Until your blue spring sister.
Blow the horn of fantasy,
Let the flock of buds suck the atmosphere,
Let Shan Ye be full of color and fragrance.
Wild soul, you wander around,
It is both destructive and protective. Oh, listen!
2
You, the chaotic cloud is the messenger of rain and lightning.
It is on the rapids that you shake the sky.
Lightning is washed away like dead leaves on a tree,
It also plummeted from the intricate branches of the sky and the sea:
It's like a violent Dionysian priestess
Take her silver hair away from the dark horizon
Up into the sky, I saw similar hair.
In your surging blue sky,
Announce that a storm is coming. The old days are fading away,
You are its elegy, and the closed night.
It is a huge mausoleum connected with the sky.
Put all the water vapor you collect in a cage,
And black rain, electric fire and hail will also come from
Generation arrival in this thick cloud. Oh, listen!
three
You, next to Pumice Island in Baya Bay (2)
The Mediterranean quietly listens to the sound of blue waves,
Gradually advance its summer dream,
Sleeping only under the waves,
Trembling in ancient palaces and castles—
The walls are covered with youthful moss and wild flowers.
Just think about the fragrance and your heart will be intoxicated!
You woke it up again. To make way for you,
The flat Atlantic Ocean has deep trenches,
In its depths, those underwater flower trees,
A muddy jungle with branches, leaves and sap.
I can recognize your phone right away,
Suddenly began to wither with shock, (3)
Even the color becomes dark. Oh, listen!
four
If I were a dead leaf held up by you;
If I were a cloud, I would fly with you;
If the waves breathe under your power,
Share your powerful impulse, that freedom, oh!
Second only to the unruly you; If I still
In my childhood, I was still able to do this.
When you invite you to swim in the sky, your faithful partner-
Because at that time, it may not be as fast as you.
This is a dream; Then I wouldn't be so cruel,
There's no need to beg you like this. Please lift me up,
Oh, imagine me as a dead leaf, a cloud or a wave!
I, falling on the thorns of life, dripping with blood!
I, too much like you: stubborn, agile, arrogant,
But the burden of years has bound me and crushed me.
five
Let me be your harp like a forest,
Bona, my leaves have fallen like leaves in the forest!
These two beautiful and sad sounds of late autumn.
Your roaring symphony will cover it.
I wish I had your strong spirit!
I hope that you are me!
Please sweep my dead thoughts from the universe,
Just like you sweep the fallen leaves to promote new life!
By the spell in my poem
Spread my words around the world,
Like a spark from an unlit stove!
May you blow loudly with my mouth.
Wake up the prophetic horn of the world! Wind,
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Translated by Huang Gao
This poem was conceived on the banks of the Arno River near Florence.
In the Woods, it was basically written there. There was a sudden wind that day,
It is warm and refreshing, and it collects all the water vapor that will be poured into the autumn rain.
As I expected, the storm began at sunset.
There is hail first, which is also unique to the south of the Alps.
Huge thunder and lightning. —— Author's original note
Also: this poem consists of five sonnets, but these fourteen poems
The bars and rhythms of a poem are influenced by a meaning called tercarima.
The influence of poetic style.
(2) Baya Bay is named after Baya City, a hot spring resort in ancient Rome.
Named after it, it is now Pozzoli Bay (northwest of Neapolitan Bay).
Pumice is a kind of volcanic rock, because Naples is full of fire.
Mountain area.
(3) according to Shelley's original note, "this phenomenon is familiar to naturalists.
I know. Like plants on land, plants under rivers and oceans.
Seasonal changes have the same reaction, so this change is announced.
The wind also has an effect on it.
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