Which poems break the three tones?

Old-style poems can be divided into two categories: one is old-style non-metrical poems or ancient-style poems (also known as "ancient style"), such as The Book of Songs, Songs of Chu, Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, all of which are called ancient-style poems or ancient styles. The other is the old physique rhythm poem, also known as modern poetry. The meter of classical poetry is relatively free, informal and even. The rhyme is wide, usually rhyming every other sentence, and the rhyme foot can be flat, flat or variable. There is no limit to the length of space. Sentences can be unified into four-character, five-character, six-character and seven-character fonts, or they can be mixed with long and short sentences and changed at will. There are many ancient poems with five words and seven words, which are referred to as "five ancient poems" (such as Du Fu's "Looking at Yue") and "seven ancient poems" (such as Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow"). Nowadays, some ancient poems written by many people that are not strictly in accordance with the rules can be classified as ancient styles. Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry, is used to being called metrical poetry, as opposed to classical poetry. According to Mr. Wang Li's explanation: "After the Tang Dynasty, due to the imperial examination, the forms of poetry gradually tended to be unified, and there were very strict rules on the number of words in terms of leveling, antithesis and poetic style. This kind of poem written in strict accordance with the law was unprecedented in the Tang Dynasty, so it was called modern poetry in later generations. " Modern poetry is the mainstream of poetry after the Tang Dynasty, and it is also the brightest treasure in China's literary treasure house. Therefore, as the essence of Chinese studies, regular poems are still favored by many China scholars. Modern poetry can be roughly divided into three types: regular poetry, exclusive poetry and quatrains. (1) The basic sentence patterns of modern poetry are generally five-character poems and seven-character poems, with few others. There are mainly two kinds of sentence patterns in five-character rhythmic poetry: 1, pouting and closing. That is, the first two words of the first sentence are flat, the second sentence is flat, and so on. Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. ) flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat 2. Stand up and accept. That is, the first word in the first sentence is flat, the first word in the second sentence is flat, and so on. Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. The sentence pattern of the seven-character metrical poem is 1, and the acceptance mode is (taking the rhyme of the first sentence as the positive case). Just plain, plain, plain, plain. Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping. Generally, it is required that the middle two couplets (parallel couplets and neck couplets) must face each other. (There are other examples) Another kind of rhythmic poetry is to exclude rhythm. Exclusion is a kind of metrical poem with more than ten sentences, and the sentence pattern is the same as above. Except for the first couplet and the last couplet, all couplets are generally required to be antithetical. The quatrains are just half of the regular poems, with five words and four sentences and seven words and four sentences. The meaning of quatrains, once said to be irreducible, is called "quatrains", which came into being before metrical poems; It is said that "half of a metrical poem is a quatrain", also called "sentence cutting", came into being after a metrical poem. Mr. Wang Li tends to the latter statement, and divides quatrains into four categories: 1, intercepting the first and second couplets of metrical poems; 2. Intercept the last half rhyme; 3. Intercept the first half of the rhyme; 4. Intercept two couplets in the middle of the rhyme. Its sentence pattern is the same as that of metrical poems. (2) One of the three basic requirements in metrical poetry, 1, is even. Such as: flat and faint. 2. In a couplet, hierarchy and level are opposite. Ordinary, ordinary, ordinary, ordinary. 3, between couplets, even stick together. If the uplink format is flat, flat, flat and flat, then the first two words of the next sentence must be flat, and its format is flat, flat, flat and flat. And so on. Violation of the first requirement (such as four odd, five odd, six odd sentences) is an awkward sentence, so save the sentence. It is wrong to violate the second requirement. If it violates the third requirement, it is sticky. (3) Two special sentence patterns in the metrical poem 1. Replace the five words "flat and flat" with "flat and flat". Such as "Bringing a Separated Heart" (Wang Changling's "Looking at the Moon"). Change the sentence that should be "plain" into "plain". For example, My Dream is Vast (Mao Zedong answers a friend) is a format that poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties like to use, which Mr. Wang Li calls "extraordinary depression". 2 Change the word "fair and even" into "fair and even", the fourth word should be fair and even, then the third word in the antithesis should be fair and even, and the connection becomes: fair and even. For example, "seeing the guests off in February, the Jindong River wants to be flat" (Du Fu's Pan-river seeing them off) changed the seven words "flat and flat" to "flat and flat", and the sixth word should be flat and flat. Such as: "Four hundred and eighty halls in southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy". (Du Mu's "Jiang Nanchun Jueju". Ten, pronunciation. (4) With regard to the flat format of modern poetry, many people have always followed the formula of "135 regardless, 246 distinct". (For five-character poems, there is a clear distinction between two and four. ) This formula is also conveyed through the mouth of Lin Daiyu in A Dream of Red Mansions. Although this statement is not very scientific, it also has some truth, because the tone of the old-style rhyme is always two sounds as a rhythm, and a rhythm is always emphasized by the latter, that is, the word 246, at the rhythm point, so it is required to be flat and clear; And the word "135" is not at the rhythm point, so we might as well bend the rules and flatten it. However, this statement cannot scientifically reflect the actual situation of the leveling law of the old-style metrical poems. In some cases, 135 may not be ignored, and 246 may not be clearly defined. For example; In "Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping" Loneliness is a taboo for poets and must be avoided. If you have to commit "loneliness", you need to use the third word (the fifth word of seven words, which should be even) to remedy it. Another example is: in the "flat and even" sentence pattern, if the third word of the five-character and the fifth word of the seven-character are ignored, there will be a "three-tone". Level 3 "also needs to be avoided as much as possible. As can be seen from the above, the first word of seven words can be ignored at any time, but in the above sentence pattern, three words of five words and three words of seven words cannot be changed at will. 246 is not completely clear. Of the two special sentence patterns in the above-mentioned metrical poems, 246 are unclear. The fourth word (the sixth word of seven words) of "Pingqi" sentence pattern should be Pingqi. However, the fourth word (the sixth word of seven words) of the "flat and even" sentence pattern should be flat and even. Besides these special sentence patterns, 246 should also be clearly defined.