The ideological beauty embodied in China's ancient pastoral poems?

The record of literati's mentality —— The aesthetic subject of China's pastoral poems has a long history and a long unification time, which provides aesthetic time for the pastoral poems. Beautiful scenery provided aesthetic space for ancient poets and created beautiful pastoral poems. Western scenery also has its own beautiful characteristics. Why is its pastoral poetry far less prosperous than China's, and its connotation far less profound, graceful, complex and tasteful than China's ancient pastoral poetry? Besides the limitation of aesthetic time mentioned above, what is more important is the reason of aesthetic subject, that is, the reason of ancient literati's mentality. Patriotism-the sonorous theme of landscape pastoral poetry-the land of China with famous mountains and rivers as its bones and pastoral areas as its bones is the source of Chinese people's access to means of subsistence. When mountains and rivers nurture people, people will love them and have a deep love for mountains and rivers and the countryside. With the development of the times and society, this feeling of native land of mountains and rivers has become increasingly fierce, which has become an important part of the lofty feelings of patriotism when the nation-state is formed, and promoted the final formation of patriotism. On the other hand, inspired by the spirit of patriotism, ancient pastoral poets traveled all over the landscape, feasted their eyes, eulogized the scenery of China, and created beautiful ode to landscape, which made pastoral poetry gain high ideological significance, made great contributions to the development of patriotic literature in China, and also played an important role in inheriting and carrying forward the patriotic tradition. In remote ancient times, there were many legends about China people who sacrificed mountains and rivers, traveled and lived in seclusion. The yellow emperor traveled around the world and sealed five mountains; Chao Fu and Xu You fled the mountains and forests because of their lofty standards. Yu Shundong swam to the inauguration ceremony, climbed Nanshan, watched He Zhu, swam to Cangwu South and died, and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain; The Book of Songs, Zhou Songyin, eulogizes the magnificent scene of the prince of Wu and merchants, the world is unified, the territory is vast, the mountains are surrounded, and the mountains and rivers meet; Wei Wuhou swims in Xihe River and enjoys the beauty of mountains and rivers! Today, Wei Zhibao is also ". Confucius walked in Wei Zhilin, sat on the apricot altar, traveled on the wild land of Shaoyuan and Rongshan, and put forward the famous view that "the knower enjoys water and the benevolent enjoys Leshan". Qu Yuan described the State of Chu as "a complex valley with a gurgling stream" in Evocation. Light and wind turn into clouds, and you will worship Lan. "The terraced fields are tired, and the mountains are higher." With the beautiful mountains and rivers in the old country, the scenery is pleasant, calling the king of Chu to return home. After the Six Dynasties, pastoral poetry flourished, and countless works praised and described pastoral poetry to express their love for mountains and rivers and their feelings for their homeland, and works expressing patriotic feelings through mountains and rivers also emerged one after another. Gao Shi has a ode to "Li Lerong, the mountains and rivers are quiet" ("Li Taishou, Appreciating Suiyang"); Chu Guangxi wrote five poems about visiting Maoshan Mountain, describing its beautiful scenery and wild interest. In the poem, "this intention is to visit the country, let alone travel far" and "all the world is bright and the mountains and rivers are bright in spring", which is intended to praise the empire in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; Du Fu lamented that "although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will turn green in spring" (spring hope); Lu You said, "There are three rivers and seas in Wan Li, and five thousand mountains climb skyscrapers. Adherents shed tears in Chen Hu, and looked south at Julian Waghann for another year "("Feeling Fen Gate at Autumn Night "); Wen Tianxiang has the hatred of "I fell into the mountains and rivers under the age of twenty" (quarrying); Gao Qi sang "Don't give in to each other, win the battle and boast that the world is strong", "From now on, the four seas are home, not limited to the Yangtze River" ("Climbing the Yuhuatai in Jinling and Looking at the Great River"); In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhou said: "The mountains show clouds, and the daytime is cold ... The valley is deep and unpredictable, and the stairs are full of vegetables ... The Han and Tang Dynasties are in harmony with today's Central Plains. Great maps, how difficult it is to create; I am proud of the Sixth Division, and the golden soup is forever solid "("Wild Fox Ridge "), which is a song for the magnificent military strength, the grand national situation, the vast territory and the eternal solid mountains and rivers. After careful investigation, I traveled with Kangxi to Xing 'anling and wrote four poems "Going to the Far Field and Looking Far". One of them said, "The picture is far away from Xing 'an, and the phoenix dances and dragons return to the air. At the beginning of the mid-ridge, the clouds helped the desert and the trees fell cold. Dan Qing is not a southeast show, but the pitch knows the width of the universe. Being far away from Wan Li, I like to get miraculous effects from strange risks. "This poem has sincere feelings and vivid descriptions, and praises the situation of national unity and prosperity during the Kangxi period. Wei Sang Yuan's "Xiongshan is still a glimpse of the frontier fortress, and the ancient flow is difficult to level" (Juyongguan). ..... These poems either write about the beauty of landscapes and pastoral areas to praise the unity and prosperity of the country, or write about the pain of mountains and rivers, expressing the lofty desire to swear to serve the country; Or win by mountains and rivers, pinning the sadness of the rise and fall of the country and the nation. It may be more appropriate to say that it is a landscape poem than a patriotic lyric poem. Beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful countryside, visit them, appreciate them, praise them, and be proud and gratified by their magnificence and beauty; When foreign enemies invade mountains and rivers and change color, they will shout "Give me back my mountains and rivers" and be willing to die for it. From worrying about the country and the people, profound feelings have always inspired people with lofty ideals in ancient times, and inspired poets who really love China's landscape and countryside. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties-The Foundation Period of Landscape Pastoral Poetry Strictly speaking, landscape pastoral poetry is divided into two different kinds of poems according to the theme. But writing landscapes mostly involves pastoral, and writing pastoral also involves landscapes. There are many poets who have both, and few have the same origin and similar aesthetic pursuit. Therefore, the ancients often discussed landscape poems and pastoral poems together. The author also combined them and roughly divided the punishment. The rise of pastoral poetry can be traced back to the emergence of ancient agricultural songs. As early as 3000 BC, the Chinese nation established a developed hoeing agriculture and lived in the countryside. Therefore, in ancient times, there were poems reflecting farming, such as "Follow the Wood and Grass" and "Divide the Grains". There are some agricultural poems in The Book of Songs, such as July in Qi Feng, Tian Fu in Feng Qi and Datian in Xiaoya. But the poem reflects the scene of large-scale slave labor, and it is difficult to see the poet's personality.