New Tang book Wang Weichuan: "The villa is in Wangchuan, and the land is wonderful ... I travel with Pei Di and like to write poems." This poem is a reward for Pei Di's enjoyment.
This is a perfect combination of poetry, painting and music. The first couplet and the neck couplet describe the scenery and the late autumn twilight of the landscape and countryside near Wangchuan. Zhuan Xu and William wrote people, depicting the poet and the hermit Pei Di respectively. Scenery figures, written alternately, set each other off and become interesting, forming an artistic realm of integration of things and me and blending scenes, expressing the poet's joy of seclusion and true friendship with friends.
"The mountain is now cold and blue, and the autumn water has flowed for a day." The first couplet is about autumn scenery in the mountains. In the cold autumn when the water comes out, the spring water in the mountains keeps gurgling; It's getting late and the mountains are getting greener. Before the couplet can say the word "dusk", it has given people the impression that it is near dusk. "Turn" and "day" are skillfully used. Turning green means that the mountains are getting deeper and thicker; The mountain is still. When writing the word "Zhuan", its dynamics are written with the gradual change of color. The sun's whistle is the sun's whistle, which is noisy every day; Water is flowing, but the word "day" makes people feel that it is always conserved. Several crosses outline a picture with colors, sounds and actions.
"Sunset lingers at the ferry, and the smoke from supper rises from the house." The necklace says twilight in vilen. The setting sun is about to set, and the smoke is curling up, which is a typical dusk scene in the field. The ferry is in the water and the market is in the land; Sunset belongs to nature, cooking smoke belongs to people: the choice of scenery is very clever. "Smoke Curls Up" obviously comes from Tao Qian's "Warm and Distant Village, Smoke from the Kitchen in Yi Market" (one of the pastoral songs). The Tao sentence personifies the aftertaste of kitchen smoke over distant villages, while the Wang sentence shows the scene of the first wisp of kitchen smoke curling into the air in the evening with simple painting, each with its own image and artistic conception. This couplet is a famous sentence in Wang Wei's rhetoric, which has always been praised. The Sunset Wandering at the Ferry accurately cuts out the moment when the sunset will be tangent to the water surface, shows the dynamics and trends of the sunset in an inclusive way, and leaves readers with imagination in time and space. "Smoke coming from the house at midnight" is also a moment full of pregnancy. The word "Shang" not only describes the dynamic rise of kitchen smoke, but also shows that it has risen to a considerable height.
The head and neck are connected, and cold mountains, autumn waters, sunset, solitary smoke and other scenery with seasonal and time characteristics constitute a harmonious and quiet landscape painting. However, this landscape is not a purely isolated objective existence, but is painted in people's eyes. In painting, every scene and everything is subjectively filtered by the poet, with feelings. So, what is the image of a poet? Look at Zhuan Xu: "By the door of my hut, leaning on my cane, listening to the cicadas in the evening breeze." This is the image of a poet. Chai Men, showing seclusion and pastoral flavor; Leaning on the staff means that you are old and comfortable. Outside Chai Men, leaning against a wooden stick to meet the breeze, listening to cicadas singing in the trees and cold mountain springs at night, watching the sunset on the ferry and the solitary smoke in the streets, isn't that kind of relaxed expression and natural leisure somewhat similar to Tao Yuanming's "helping the old man rest in the stream and look down" ("Going home")? In fact, Wang Wei also admired "ancient and modern hermit poets". In this poem, he not only imitated Tao's poems, but also quoted Tao's allusions in couplets: "Oh, when will I promise a great hermit to sing a wild poem in Wuliu?" "The hero of Wen Tao's Biography of Mr. May 6th is a hermit who forgets his gains and losses and entertains himself with poetry and wine. "There are five willows beside the house because they think they are numbered." In fact, this gentleman is a self-portrait of Tao Qian; Wang Wei's opinion on the May 6th Movement is based on Tao Qian's own situation. Jieyu was a person who sang crazy songs and argued with Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period. The poet compared Pei Di, who was intoxicated with crazy songs, with the Jieyu of Chu, and praised this young friend. Tao Qian and Jieyu-Wang Wei and Pei Di, though different in character, are close to each other. Therefore, the compound word "Oh, when will I promise to be a great hermit again" does not mean to meet Pei Di again, but means that the poet's feelings have doubled and gone further: in Wangchuan, he enjoyed the beautiful scenery, made friends and enjoyed his seclusion. As for this! At the end of the couplet, the image of Pei Di, a madman, is vividly portrayed, which shows the poet's sincere feelings and welcome to him, and the words in the poem are settled.
Parallel prose and couplet, the depiction of two characters, are not carried out in isolation, but closely combined with the description of scenery. Chai Men, dusk cicada, evening breeze, five willows, tangible and intangible, are all landscapes. Although Wuliu is an allusion, isn't it natural for Wang Wei to imitate the characters in Tao Yuanming's works and plant Wuliu outside Chai Men?