And imagination, but the content retains poetic prose details; It has the appearance of prose in form, unlike poetry, but it lacks inherent musical beauty and sense of rhythm. Prose poems generally express the author's small feelings on the basis of social and life background, and pay attention to describing the fluctuations and fragments of thoughts and feelings caused by objective life. These characteristics determine the richness of its theme and the brevity and flexibility of its form.
Prose poetry is a modern literary style developed to meet the psychological characteristics of people in modern society, such as sensitivity, consideration and complexity. Although China had similar prose poems more than 1000 years ago, many European writers wrote poetic prose in 16 and 17 centuries. However, as an independent literary style, it became popular after the middle of19th century. The first person who formally used the term "small prose poem" and the French poet Baudelaire deliberately adopted this genre. He believes that prose poetry is "enough to adapt to the lyrical soup of the soul, the fluctuation of dreams and the shock of consciousness" In China's new literature, prose poetry is an imported literary variety. Four Chapters of Classical Chinese Translation of Turgenev's Prose Poems, published in China's Novels, Volume 2, No.7 19 18 (listed in the column of "Novels" at that time, translated by Liu Bannong), is the earliest translation of foreign prose poems in China. 55438+09 18, Volume IV. Published a translation of Liu Bannong's Indian work "I Walk in the Snow". At the end of the article, it is pointed out that this is a well-structured prose poem. The name "Prose Poetry" began to appear in newspapers and periodicals in China. The nature and characteristics of this style have been discussed theoretically in Literature Tour (1922) and works by Xidi (Zheng Zhenduo), Wang Pingling and others.
First of all, prose poetry must have two characteristics:
First, prose poetry is a new style that poetry and prose penetrate and cross each other.
There is no doubt that prose poetry is a kind of "grafting" between prose and poetry. Prose poetry has the amphibious characteristics of poetry and prose. Prose poetry not only absorbs the function of poetry to express subjective mind and emotion, but also absorbs the function of prose to express freely and casually, so that the two are integrated and form their own uniqueness. It can be said that it is difficult to create prose poems if you are not familiar with these two styles. However, the key to prose poetry lies in whether prose poetry has unique artistic characteristics or what is the difference between prose poetry and lyric prose.
Secondly, prose poetry has its own unique way of looking at life, that is, expressing the mind or emotions and their fluctuations in a relatively free form. Generally speaking, prose poetry is a style of expressing thoughts or subjective feelings.
Baudelaire is one of the original creators of prose poetry. He said: "When our human ambitions grow, who hasn't dreamed of the mystery of prose poetry-the harmony in the rhythm without rhythm, the ups and downs of thoughtful and incisive words, enough to cope with the ups and downs of mood, the ups and downs of thoughts and the changes in the perception of the soul." He also said: prose poetry, as a form, is enough to adapt to the lyrical turmoil and dreamy fluctuations of the soul.
To illustrate the above two points, we must further distinguish between prose poetry and poetry, as well as prose (especially lyric prose).
Second, the difference between prose poetry and poetry, and prose (especially lyric prose), such as the difference in structure, style and rhythm.
(1) The difference between prose poetry and lyric poetry. Because lyric poetry should pay attention to the neatness of sentence patterns or general neatness and musical rhythm, even free-form lyric poetry cannot but be restricted in expressing the mind or emotion. It is in order to break through the restrictions and write the true state of mind more freely that prose poetry was born.
The difference between prose poetry and poetry is that prose poetry often uses the means of description and discussion.
Compared with poetry, prose poetry has no rhythm, rhythm, syllables, lines and arrangement, that is, there is no fetter of external forms of poetry. Prose poems have at least the following forms: prose forms and prose poems are staggered, that is, the whole paragraph of "San" is staggered with single sentences (poems). This is a free form that lyric poetry can't have.
(2) Prose poetry and lyric prose are both lyric styles, but the unique artistic feature of prose poetry is its turbulence, ups and downs and shock.
It is not difficult to distinguish prose poetry from lyric prose. Lyric prose is always inseparable from documentary, not to mention those narrative essays that mainly describe real people and things. Prose poems hardly record real people and real things. Even if we call it documentary prose poetry, it is actually an impression of real life, but this impression is rarely "deformed"-rarely "distorted" into reality.
Structurally, some people say that poetry describes life with "lines", prose reflects life with "faces" and prose poetry reflects life with "points". Prose poetry needs no clues, and its length is short. It is often radiated by the author's emotional ignition point, while the internal emotions form interlocking emotional shock waves, which impulse the reader's heartstrings and enter the realm of poetry.
Stylistically, the language of prose poetry is lyrical and imaginative, and the language of prose is narrative and realistic. The language of prose poetry has incomparable flexibility, richness and uncertainty, and its emotional content and aesthetic content are relatively large. Prose is a text, and the language requires simplicity and freedom, more talk, a clear description of the author's emotional context, and more delicate lyricism, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph. Language needs concentration and jumping, and images are generally connected by jumping. Sentences, especially paragraphs, are often incoherent, which leaves readers with more blank beauty to imagine.
Therefore, prose poetry is neither prose poetry nor poetic prose, but a style with integrity, particularity and independence.
The basic ways of prose poetry structure can be divided into four categories: documentary (direct expression), imagination, philosophy and symbol.
1, documentary (direct expression), that is, "meaning is like a table", is relatively exposed. For example, lyrical scenery, lyrical narration and so on. In other words, the mind feels that the external world is basically primitive, and what is projected on the mind rarely changes. Prose poems that directly express their feelings are generally in this way.
2. Imagination means that when prose poets feel the outside world, they often think, from this to that, from concrete to abstract. For example, when I write "Sunset", I associate it with the rose garden first, and then with people's twilight years.
3. The difference between this prose poem and other prose poems is that it has rational direct and indirect intervention and is characterized by discovering and expressing new philosophies. Writing is to express some philosophy.
4. Symbolism implies poetry through the close coincidence of things and hearts in a symbol, such as Mao Dun's Praise for Poplar and Gorky's Haiyan.
Liu Bannong, Xu Yunuo, Xu Dishan, Jiao Juyin and Xu Zhimo of Crescent Poetry Society published prose poems during the May 4th Movement. The prose poems of Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin, Guo Feng, Michelle and other writers have a considerable influence in China's new literature, among which Lu Xun's prose poetry collection Weeds and the former Soviet writer Gorky's Hai Yan have the highest ideological and artistic achievements.