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By the year 2020, Zhangli’s house has gone through 500 degrees of ups and downs.
This world is always worth remembering; those years can never be forgotten.
Zhanglijiawuchang is the ancestral home of various clan branches in the west of the Zhang family in Qinghu. It is located to the west of Banqiao Lake in Huarong County, Hunan Province, northeast of Shengfengling, and south of the Zhang family Zhutou Mountain, the birthplace of Qinghutang, is only four or five miles away. It is only a few hundred meters away from the "Huarong East" exit of the Hangzhou-Ruili Expressway, which has been opened to traffic in recent years, to the north.
The house was founded by Liangchengong, the seventh ancestor of Qinghu Hall, and Huashangong, the eighth ancestor of Qinghu Hall.
Mr. Huashan's name should be cited, and he is a student of Taipei University. According to the local chronicles of the prefecture and county, Mr. Xiang inherited his family education and was diligent in farming and studying. "The weak crown made up for his disciples, and he and his cousin were all famous for their erudition" and "he was even known as filial piety in the village." In AD 1507, the two brothers went to Huguang for the provincial examination. Mr. Ying Su was awarded the 28th place in the exam; Mr. Hua Shanggong was initially considered by the examiner to be the top candidate and argued hard for it, but the examiner actually became rebellious and decided not to take the exam. After this unforeseen twists and turns, Mr. Hua Shangguan felt deeply that the official system was unjust, and he was angry and abandoned the academic field. "He studied behind closed doors the studies of Lian, Luo, Guan, and Fujian ③, and understood the astronomy, celestial calendar, and dialects of foreign families. He expressed his love for the mountains and rivers and recited poetry. "He is a famous writer and famous writer. He wrote "Yanbo Slang Collection" and is popular in the world." In the month of Yue, he was good at studying and studying. He became a scholar in the scholastic examination and then became a Gongsheng student. In his middle age, he was appointed by the imperial court as the official official of Guang'an Prefecture. In 1518, during the Zhengde reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, Liangchengong was already old and planned to retire and return to his hometown. Therefore, Mr. Huashan, who is extremely filial and virtuous, wanted to build a better residence so that "retired veteran cadres" could enjoy their old age in peace.
At that time, the wilderness was continuous and sparsely populated. You have to pay real money for building a house, building a house, materials, labor, etc. For land, you only need to spend some time and eyesight, choose the location, report it to the government, and get a deed.
Mr. Huashan is different from ordinary villagers. He doesn’t just want to build a thatched farmhouse. Since there is plenty of land to pick from, you have to have a different perspective and spend some extra effort to find an unusual land plate.
After working so many legs and feet and looking at so many mountains and rivers, my husband finally fell in love with a small hilly area four or five miles north of his hometown of Baizhuqi.
After reporting to the government for permission, they stepped up their efforts to select an auspicious location and start construction, and a new housing estate was quickly completed.
This was in 1520 AD.
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The newly built house is located on a platform of nearly 20 acres, with the back following the hillside and the front facing the ridge. It is not afraid of flooding or drought. .
To the south and east of the platform is a relatively open valley, newly cultivated into fields, mainly growing rice. Green seedlings bloom in spring and summer, and rice waves turn golden in autumn. They are both a source of appreciation and a source of food and clothing. There are large rectangular ponds on the left and right sides of the valley, named "Lotus Weir", which gathers slurry for irrigation, supports the beauty of lotus and lotus, and overflows with the light of the sun and moon.
The three sides of the house, northeast and west, are guarded by a series of hills. If you look down from the sky, the hill looks like a person's left hand pressing on the ground. The house is located exactly at the Hegu point on the "left hand" (commonly known as the "Tiger's Mouth Point"). After the house was built, people inherited the hobby of the third-generation ancestral pine hermit of the Zhang family in Qinghu and planted many green pine trees all over the mountain. Later, the pine seedlings grew tall and strong, standing side by side, forming a forest. Looking from a distance, you can see the lush green hills and beautiful hairdos; when you get closer, you can often hear the undulating pine waves and the gentle singing of birds... For many generations, this place has been regarded as an eye-catching scenery and a livable resort.
As time went by, people became more and more impressed and grateful to Mr. Huashan: He had a unique vision when it came to choosing the site; as for building houses, opening up fields and afforestation, he was even more ingenious! Judging from the topography and general situation, it can be said that there is a mountain behind, a water in front, a blue dragon on the left and a white tiger on the right. It is a rare and good Feng Shui. In terms of comfort, the benefits of farming and harvesting from the farm, the shade and protection of the mountains and forests, the convenience of irrigation and washing in the weirs and ponds...we have prepared everything one by one. Many conditions complement each other and complement each other. All in all, this house farm is really the most ideal place to have enough food and clothing, respect the elderly and raise the young in the era of farming civilization.
At that time, Huashangong gave birth to two sons, Zhuxuan and Nanqiu. They both grew up and had families in the newly built housing estates, and gave birth to more than a dozen children, including six boys.
Due to the continuous marriages and children, the original house was not enough for living, so it was renovated and expanded in 1560.
By the 1590s, Huashangong’s second grandson, Mr. Juezi, passed the Jinshi examination, served as a Beijing official, and supervised military meritorious service. Three generations of his family were awarded imperial decrees and awards ⑤ . In order to meet the imperial edict of the capital, a comprehensive renovation and expansion of the old house was carried out around 1602.
Since then, the house has formed a relatively grand and complete layout as a whole: facing south from the north, with blue tiles and brick walls, five main rooms with two entrances, plus east and west wing rooms and enclosed rooms, with three windows. The spacious patios are connected to each other. It was one of the largest houses in the county at that time and was known as "Zhangjiawuchang".
There are more than thirty houses in the mansion. Most of them are single-story bungalows with slab ceilings, that is, wooden beam floor partitions are added to the rooms to form shelves, which can be used for living and storage.
The main room has two entrances, front and rear, with five rooms in each side. In the middle is a two-story hall with high-hanging beams and a wide layout. They are connected by an open rectangular patio with good lighting and ventilation. In spring and summer, there are purple swallows walking hand in hand in the hall, dancing gracefully around the beams, or murmuring softly in the nest, making children happily respond and play; in autumn and winter, the setting sun moves smilingly on the patio, so bright and beautiful, how many Warm and gentle breeze, accompany the elderly to enjoy the time of reading and tea.
In 1611, Mr. Yinghu, the seventh great-grandson of Huashangong, married the granddaughter of Li Taipugong, the only number one scholar in Yuezhou history. The wealthy Li family sent family members to attend the marriage. So the Zhang family built five bungalows on the west side of the mansion for the Li family to live in. From then on, descendants of the Li family stayed for generations, and the place was renamed "Zhang Li's house"; the nearby places, including the farm, were collectively called "Zhang Li's village".
Later, the population of the housing estate continued to increase, and the houses were often not enough for living, so adults continued to move out, find new families in other places, and settle down.
Most of the time, the eldest brother moves to other places, while the youngest brother Manchu stays behind and inherits the ancestral farm.
In the early 1640s, China encountered the chaotic and tragic "Jiashen Rebellion". Li Zicheng's civilian army captured Beijing and the Zhu Ming Dynasty was overthrown; then Wu Sangui, an old general of the Ming Dynasty, led Qing troops into the pass and swept through the Central Plains. Previously, a peasant army captured Huarong, Yuezhou and other places in the spring of 1643, and from time to time hunted and killed wealthy gentry and local officials. Mr. Yinghu, who was the censor of Nantai at the time, left his job and returned to Zhangli's house to take care of his family. When the leader of the peasant army knew about it, he wanted to use his reputation to strengthen his prestige and specially recruited him to join the army. Yinghu Gongxu and Zhou Xuan detached the military leaders, and after dark, he took the whole family by boat and fled to the depths of Dongting Lake for shelter. Later, when the military leader couldn't find anyone, he set fire to the house. Fortunately, it was the rainy season and the fire was quickly extinguished by the rain.
When the world returns to peace, the family will gradually return. Zhang Li's house, which helped God put out the fire and escaped death, has returned to its former glory after some renovations.
In the three hundred and dozens of cold and summer years since then, no matter in prosperous years or in troubled times, no matter whether relatives gather and disperse, or whether generations change, this house has been well maintained. Adhering to the original style.
During the Anti-Japanese War in the 20th century, Huarong and other places were once occupied by the Japanese invaders. The magnificent giant pine trees that covered the mountain were carefully cultivated by the third generation ancestral pine hermit of the Zhang family in Qinghu. However, because they were close to the waterway, they were cut down by the Japanese and drifted far away to the East. But a few miles away, the pine forest behind Zhang Li's house survived.
Until the 1950s, although the buildings in the housing estate had been left with many traces of time, the overall style was still the same as before. The mountains, rivers, forests and fields are still so lush and beautiful, full of vitality, quiet and pleasant, and the mood is transcendent.
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In the mid-to-late 20th century, large-scale mass movements arose one after another, and the whole country was breaking the old and establishing the new, "vowing to rearrange the mountains, rivers and rivers." While it has accomplished many feats and built some welfare projects, it has also caused unprecedented damage to precious cultural relics and the natural environment. The Huarong area also had to keep up with the situation. From the green mountains and green waters to important cultural and historical monuments to the remains of general facilities, most of them were completely destroyed. The buildings in Zhang Li's house were gradually demolished and were completely destroyed around 1970.
The fate of the pine forest guarding the house was even more twists and turns. During the period when deforestation was being carried out to cut firewood and make steel, the old forest, which had gone through hundreds of years of wind and rain, was already filled with towering giant pines. For these precious ancient trees, people at that time wanted to chop them down and use them as firewood, throwing them into the earthen blast furnace that produced lumps but no steel. Fortunately, the mother of Commander Shu Zhi, the founder of the country and the patriarch of the house, still lives here. Zhang's mother, Liu Taijun, who is as brave and tenacious as a general, sits under the tree in the forest with an old and frail body, saying that she is willing to cooperate with Zhang. The ancestral tree lives and dies together. After years of stalemate, the ancient trees were lucky enough to escape. Since then, in the "latest and most beautiful pictures" where there are almost no mountains in the north and south of the country where monks don't shave their heads, this old forest of giant pine trees, which is the only remaining fruit, has been particularly conspicuous, standing alone and unique. From miles away, you can see the branches and clouds, and the crowns and clouds. It has become an extremely rare and iconic landscape in southern China.
It is very sad and helpless that the old lady returned to the west at the end of the summer of 1978, and the last line of defense of the house and the ancient trees lost its last defender. The magnificent forest was gradually cleared.
Today, only the small brick building renovated from Li's old house remains on the site of the house. The ancient trees in Songshan Mountain have been transformed into bamboo forests.
(4)
Since the house was first built, after 500 long and short years, the Qinghu Zhang family’s west eldest house, with Liangchen Gong as the first ancestor, has The lineage has been passed down for about twenty generations, and has given birth to many sect branches, with countless people. Most of them moved around, but a few still stayed in the area of ??Zhang Lijia Village.
This big family is prosperous, with many talented people from generation to generation, each with his or her own contribution. In history, officials and local sages have praised the Zhang family in Qinghu: "Since Zhang Xiangong, he has been diligent and hard-working, which has become a family tradition. The person who succeeded the Duke has a wat bed that is almost full"; "Pingbo is like Zhongcheng, The court is like a censor... In the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, there was no shortage of famous eunuchs and high-ranking officials. How prosperous they were!" The censors, Zhen Xian and Zhongcheng he mentioned were All come from Zhang Li's house. What is most praised by people is the so-called "two Jinshi in one dynasty, nine imperial titles in two dynasties".
In modern times, there are "three generations and three generals" of Japan and China.
The "two Jinshi" are Juezigong, the tenth generation ancestor of the Zhang family in Qinghu, and Yinghu Gong, the eleventh generation ancestor.
Realizing that the public name was taboo, Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty passed the imperial examination in Renchen (1592). He was first appointed as the head of the Ministry of Household Affairs, and was promoted to Shanxi to inspect the constitution. For his military merits, he was awarded the title of Imperial Censor (commonly known as Dazhong Cheng), and was promoted to the post of Inspector of Shaanxi Province. Subsequently, he was suspended from work twice and went home to mourn his mother and father ⑥. He retired from official service before he could take office as governor, and soon died at home. The imperial court ordered the construction of the "Zhongxun Temple" specifically for worship, and at the same time the Guizhou Zhongxun Temple was enshrined.
The official name of Yinghu is Xikui. Ming Sizong was promoted to Jinshi in Chongzhen Jiaxu (1634), and was initially granted the title of magistrate of Nanjing County, and was also appointed to the two counties of Longxi and Haicheng ⑦. One person was in charge of three counties. He was honest and diligent, and his political reputation was outstanding. The emperor specially summoned him and promoted him to the title of censor of Nantai. Unfortunately, he encountered the "Jiashen Incident" not long ago. He returned to his hometown and took his family to take a boat to escape. He contracted an illness while wandering around and died soon after.
"Nine imperial titles" refers to the fact that during the Qing and Qing dynasties, many members of the Zhang Li family's house and family were awarded imperial titles by imperial decree. The main ones are: Duke Jue's father and grandfather were granted the imperial title of Chiayi doctor of the third rank, and his grandmother, mother and wife were granted the title of honorable person of the fourth rank respectively; Mr. Shouyi, the third generation ancestor, Duke Ruozhong and his wife, the tenth generation ancestor, and Li Taijun, the wife of Duke Yinghu And so on, all of them have received the title of fourth- to seventh-grade casual officials; nearly twenty others have received imperial titles or worshiped local sages.
"Three generations and three generals" refers to the three generals of the contemporary Chinese People's Liberation Army.
The first generation: Shu Zhigong (1915.4-2001.12), the 21st generation ancestor of Qinghu Hall, the first major general of the Communist Party of China and the founder of the People's Republic of China. The general's name is Xianfu, his nickname is Shuzhi, and he was born in Zhang Li's house. At the age of fourteen, he joined the Red Army led by the Communist Party of China. He went through the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Long March of 25,000 miles, the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation, and the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. He wore dozens of war wounds and grew from a soldier and squad leader to a people's leader. Senior military commander. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as deputy military commander, commander of the provincial military region, deputy commander of the large military region, secretary of the Secretariat of the Henan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, representative of the National People's Congress, and the ninth and tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Representative, alternate member of the 9th Central Committee, and member of the 10th Central Committee.
The second generation: Zhan Nangong (1948-), the 22nd generation grandson of Qinghu Hall, Lieutenant General of the People's Liberation Army, and the eldest son of Duke Shuzhi. Graduated from the military academy at the age of 20, joined the People's Liberation Army Navy and served successively as navigator, deputy captain, captain, president of the Naval Ship Academy, commander of the North Sea Fleet, deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy, and member of the Overseas Chinese Committee of the National People's Congress. job.
The third generation: the 23rd generation grandson of Qinghu Hall and Lieutenant General of the People’s Liberation Army Xue Donggong (1934—). He has successively served as the director of Nanjing Yangtze Machinery Factory, deputy minister of the Ministry of Electronics Industry, executive deputy minister and deputy party secretary of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry, party secretary and general manager of China Electronics Industry Corporation, deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of the People's Liberation Army, eighth Representative to the National People's Congress and member of the Standing Committee of the Ninth and Tenth National People's Congress.
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Qinghu Zhang family moved from Jiangxi to Xiangzhaoji by Yiyuan Gong. In more than 700 years, it developed into ten houses and nineteen major clans with hundreds of thousands of people. Among this large family, Zhang Li's house has the longest history and the most branches.
The social environment, natural resources and other conditions are generally the same, but the development of families and families differs greatly. The main reason should be people, family traditions, court training and other ideological and cultural factors.
Looking at the big family of Zhang Li's house, one generation after another inherits the spirit of integrity, the virtue of filial piety, the wisdom of seeking saints, and the cultivation of forbearance that are unique to the people with the surname Zhang in the world. , and formed the unique "Songyin's moral integrity", "Zhuxuan's family tradition", and "aunt's and daughter-in-law's virtues" ⑧, cultivating people with ancestral training and court training that are different from others, and educating people with different ancestral training and court training, and using different family traditions from those of their neighbors. Style, style governs the family and the world. Regardless of whether the society is stable or turbulent, whether the family is well-off or in distress, most of the children insist on living in the fields with poems and books, farming and reading, practicing both civil and military skills, and cultivating both moral integrity and talent. In this way, it is passed down from generation to generation and becomes a custom. It is a specific family style and cultural atmosphere that conforms to the times and dwells in the heart, conforms to the Tao and develops in actions, which seems to be visible and invisible, and seems to be talkable and unspeakable. It invisibly contributes to the growth of people. , become talented, achieve themselves and others, and play a strong role in nurturing, guiding and motivating.
A good family culture is conducive to cultivating outstanding talents. With talents, the family will prosper. Culture and talent, talent and family, family and culture form a continuous cycle of gain that conflicts with and complements each other.
Qinghu Hall once had its own couplet, "Ji Yanli Shaoguan Middle School, and evenly spread the merits and inherit the merits" ⑨, which concentrated on showing the characteristics of its own family style and culture - Shao inherited the "Guan Xue" of his ancestor Zihou Gong. He created "Ji Yan" and other scholarly achievements, inherited the family tradition and wisdom represented by Zifang Gong, and obtained "Pingbo" among civil servants and other economic and military achievements. Among them, "pingbo" refers to the historical relics of Jue Zigong.
Zhang Li’s house is unforgettable and reminiscing, not only because of the beautiful forest fields, majestic houses, and prosperous population that have lasted for hundreds of years, but more importantly, it is full of vitality and depth. spiritual and cultural traditions. Visible scenery such as buildings and landscapes may wax and wane due to the situation, but the family tradition and culture that can be felt but seemingly invisible can travel through time and space, transcend the current situation, and exert a constant and tenacious influence.
To remember the 500 years of ups and downs, we should focus on exploring its experience, carrying forward its spirit, motivating ourselves, guiding future generations, seizing the rare opportunity of a prosperous country, creating more talents for our family and country, and contributing to the greatness of the Chinese nation. Revival makes more and greater contributions.
The cultural tradition of Zhanglijiawuchang will take on new glory in the new era!
2018.12 Grass in Xianyunge, Changsha
Notes:
① The ancient name of the Zhutou Mountain area was Baizhuqi, located in Zhanghua and Sanfeng of Huarong County today. It is at the junction of the three towns of Sisi and Zhihedu. There was originally a mound next to the river, which was round and shaped like a pearl; while the mountains in the northwest were winding and approaching, like a dragon playing with a pearl. Mr. Zhang Shouyi, who came here to live in seclusion, first called the mountain ridge Longbei Mountain and the round hill Zhutou Mountain. In recent decades, the Zhutou and Longbei mountains have been gradually eroded and their appearance has been lost.
② Weak crown, that is, at the age of twenty. Recruiting disciples was the first step for ordinary people to become officials during the Ming Dynasty. Participate in the county-level examination (children's examination, also known as the academy examination) set by the imperial court, and those who pass the examination will obtain the qualification of "student member", also known as disciple member, commonly known as "xiucai".
③ Lianluo Guanmin School refers to the mainstream school of Neo-Confucianism. Zhou Dunyi, the ancestor of Lian refers to Neo-Confucianism, was called Mr. Lianxi because he originally lived in Lianxi, Daozhou, Hunan. Luo refers to the brothers Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao who lived in Luoyang. The Neo-Confucianism they created is known as Luo Xue in the world. Guan refers to Zhang Zai who lived in Guanzhong, and the Neo-Confucianism theory he created is known as Guan Xue in the world. Min refers to Zhu Xi, because he once lectured in Kaoting, Fujian, so he called his theory Min studies.
④ Guang'an Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Guang'an City, Sichuan Province today.
⑤ During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, for civil and military officials who achieved a certain level, the imperial court would confer the title of "casual official" to their ancestors, fathers, and wives, and provide certain treatment without granting real power. Officials with rank five or above who are casual officials are called imperial edicts by the imperial court, and are called imperial edicts by the imperial court. Officials who are assigned imperial edicts by the imperial court or below are called imperial edicts. The imperial edicts and edicts are shaped like scrolls. The first grade of the shaft is made of jade, the second grade is made of rhinoceros, the third and fourth grade are wrapped in gold, and the fifth and lower grades are made of horn. The imperial edict directed at the official himself is called imperial edict; the imperial edict directed at great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, and wives is called imperial edict for living persons, and the imperial edict for deceased officials is imperial edict.
⑥ Observe the social system of mourning and observing filial piety. In the old days, the imperial court attached great importance to filial piety and integrity when selecting and appointing officials. When an official's parents or grandparents pass away, he or she must resign from office and tie a reed in front of the tomb to observe mourning for three years. During this period, he is not allowed to get married, take exams, or take office. This is commonly known as Shou Zhi, also known as Ding You.
⑦ Nanjing, Longxi, and Haicheng, the county names in the Ming Dynasty, are all within the jurisdiction of Zhangzhou City, the prefecture-level city of Fujian Province today.
⑧ For relevant content, please refer to my work "A Random Talk on the Family Tradition and Culture of Zhang Li's Household Chang".
⑨ For details, please see my work "Appreciation of Qinghu Zhang's Exclusive Hall Couplet", which is available at /s/blog_14e14dfcf0102xpvk.html