Search picture reference: zh. * * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/Magnify-clip Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name is Lotte, was born in Taiyuan (present-day Shanxi), and later moved to Tangxiaao (present-day Weinan, Shaanxi) as a scholar in Zhenyuan, where he was an official, a proofreader, a doctor and a doctor. During the reign of Changqing (82 1 -824), he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and Bao Li was transferred to Suzhou as the secretariat of Suzhou in the second year (825). Later, he was appointed Prince of Shaofu, because Bak Yan was affiliated to the Party, and he was transferred to the eastern capital. In the second year of Huichang, he became an official with the minister of punishments, and finally died in Xiangshan, Luoyang. Bai Juyi is an advocate of the new Yuefu movement. His articles are incisive, especially his poems, approachable works and the understanding of an old woman. In his later years, he released Italian poetry wine and called himself Mr. Zuiyin. At first, it paid tribute to Yuan Zhen, nicknamed "Bai Yuan", and was called "Bai Liu" with Liu Yuxi. He is the author of Bai Changqing Collection and so on. Adults are "poet demons". Directory [hidden] 1 Bai Juyi's poems 2 Bai Juyi's achievements 3 anecdotes 4 notes 5 See [Editor] Bai Juyi's poems. There are nearly 3000 of his poems. He once divided his poems into four categories: irony, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous methods. He attaches great importance to satire. But it was the new Yuefu poems that had the greatest influence on him. There are 50 representative works "New Yuefu", which embodies the poet's poetic theory of "for the monarch, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things" and makes systematic comments on many social problems at that time. For example, the preface of "Selling Charcoal Weng" is "Kugong Market", which reveals that the court forcibly plundered the wealth of the people in the form of palace market. However, the poem "New Yuefu" also has some shortcomings, such as starting from the concept, lacking in image and appeal. Among Bai Juyi's sentimental poems, the most famous are the long narrative poems Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Xing. Song of Eternal Sorrow describes the tragic love story between Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. The first half satirizes the lewdness and debauchery of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, which led to the Anshi Rebellion, which is the reason for the "everlasting regret song". In the second half, however, it describes the lovesickness of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty in a sympathetic way, which makes the theme of the whole poem change from satire to sympathy and beautifies the persistent love between Li and Yang. This is the writing of long hate. In artistic expression, the first half is realistic, and the second half is interspersed with fictional plots and fantasy fairyland. The tone of the whole poem is excellent, lyric and narrative are integrated, and it has high artistic achievements. Bai Juyi's poems are easy to understand and spread widely at that time, even as far away as "Japan, Siam (Thailand) and other countries." [Editor] Bai Juyi's Achievements During the period of Tang Changqing (82 1 -824), Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. Seeing that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair and dry, he presided over the reconstruction of six wells to facilitate farmland irrigation. Seeing the collapse of the old embankment of the West Lake often causes drought in farmland. So a long dike was built from the broken bridge of the West Lake to the lonely mountain, and willows were planted on both sides of the dike, which not only repaired the water but also beautified the West Lake. Later, people called this long dike Bai Causeway. In the second year of Bao Li (825), Bai Juyi was transferred to Suzhou Secretariat. In order to facilitate the land and water transportation in Suzhou, a seven-mile-long Shantang River was dug from Tiger Hill in the west to Nagato in the east, and a road was built on the north side of the Shantang River, called Qili Shantang, or Shantang Street for short. [Editor] Anecdotes It is said that officials of the Tang Dynasty lingered in brothels and made a fortune. Zhao Ou, a poet in A Qing, once wrote a poem describing the time: "Romantic figures are too loyal to the soul, and there are old tours everywhere in spring;" At that time, there was no official residence of prostitutes. " "Biography of Bai Juyi in Old Tang Dynasty" states: "At the beginning, Juyi stopped in Hangzhou and returned to Luoyang, so I got rid of Yang Pingzhai in Zhuchitang, which was caused by nymphs. Su Fan, a prostitute, is a little savage who can sing and dance. Bai Juyi wrote a poem praising: "Cherry Su Fan mouth, willow slender waist." . Later novelists often describe their private lives, whether true or not. For example, the Southern New Book in the Northern Song Dynasty records that Bai Juyi tried to store prostitutes when he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou. "As the secretariat of Hangzhou, he took prostitutes back to Luo and then sent them back to Qiantang. Therefore, Liu Yuxi replied in a poem: "Its Qiantang Su Xiaoxiao remembers your tears and dyes the pomegranate skirt. 』」[ 1]。 Yuan made good friends with Bai and sometimes exchanged prostitutes [2][3]. 1997, Shu Wu published "The Ungreat Side of the Great Poet" in the third issue of Reading magazine, accusing Bai Juyi of being a prostitute and disrespecting women. When Bao Lizhong went to Suzhou as a secretariat, Bai Juyi's poem Ode to Wine could already see the description of domestic prostitutes: "The official door is closed and prostitutes come to the store. Follow closely and recite whatever you need. " Bai Juyi's "Jiangnan loves Xiao Jiuche, because of his old visit to Chang 'an, the play gives fifty rhymes" has written about various brothels. According to Shi Jihang's book Tea Scent in Chang 'an under the Moon: Women Back in Prosperous Times, Shu Wu's article describes that Bai Juyi is suspected of becoming an old man. The book also mentions that Bai Juyi has a good relationship with his prostitutes Su Fan and Xiaoman, but it is not known whether he cheated, but even if there is, it is not a joke. It can be said that it is two of a kind [5]. It can be seen that the ambiguous relationship between Bai Juyi and prostitutes is not important, and almost all of them were literati at that time, and Bai Juyi should not take full responsibility. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Guang Yun in the Song Dynasty said, "A prostitute is also happy." It shows that prostitutes at that time did not refer specifically to prostitutes, but also included geisha who performed and entertained guests, that is, female artists. What is the truth? It's hard to decide today. [Editor] Note = Wuzhong Moon Hee said, "When Lotte was a county, she tried to take ten prostitutes, including Rongman and Mrs. Zhang, to visit Wuqiu Temple in the West Lake at night and taste poems about Ji You. In order to see the leisure of the county government at that time, officials were very generous, so that today, they will feel guilty! 」; Jiang Yikui's "Liu Yuxi, Ji Tang outside Yaoshantang" also records: "Bai Letian was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, took several prostitutes back to Luoyang, and later returned to Qiantang. ↑ Jiang Yikui's "Liu Tang Yuxi": "Shang Linglong, Yuhang singer also. Bai Letian set up a county day and made a song for it, saying, "Stop playing the piano and gaiqin, be more delicate, and start singing.". "Who let you understand this song, listen to yellow chicken and day. The yellow chicken urges the dawn and ugliness to sound before the dawn, and the day urges the New Year. The red ribbon around her waist is unstable, so Zhu Yan can't see in the mirror. Linglong, Linglong, Naiqin, let you sing your song. Wei Yuan heard about it in Yuezhou, invited it with thick coins and returned it at the end of the month. The poems he gave were also given to Le Tianyun: "You don't need to send Linglong to sing my words. Most of the poems I sing for you are poems. In the Ming dynasty, I bid farewell to Jiangtou again, and it was time for the moon to ebb. In the second year of Changqing, Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou with the help of Zhongshu. In Hangzhou, there are officials, prostitutes, businessmen, and people who are good at thanking others, responding intelligently and singing and dancing. Bai Juyi celebrated with poetry and wine. When Yuan Zhen heard of Yuezhou, he invited Linglong with thick coins, and gave him a song in vain. After Yuan Zhen sent Linglong back, he wrote a poem to Bai Juyi: "Don't send Linglong to sing my words, my words are all for your poems. However, I returned to the river, and when the moon ebbed, it was time. ("Tang Yulin") = Source: Section 3 1: Jia Ji rolled green beads and shed tears (2). Today's quotation is as follows: "It can be seen that Bai Juyi is very kind to Su Fan and Xiaoman. Recently, however, there is a general trend on the Internet to denounce Bai Juyi as an "old rascal". Taking Bai Juyi's keeping prostitutes, loving Su Fan and Xiao Man as evidence, it tends to criticize the old man, which makes many readers who lack understanding of the historical background of the Tang Dynasty mistakenly believe that it is true and seriously affects Bai Juyi's reputation. A great poet is now almost equivalent to an old slut. Tracing back to the source, it was probably caused by an article entitled "The Great Poet's Ungreat Side" published by Shu Wu in the third issue of Reading magazine 1997. ↑ Source: Section 33: Jia Ji shed tears (4). Today's quotations are as follows: "From this perspective, a seemingly orthodox person like Teacher Han Yu is actually worse than Bai Juyi in recruiting prostitutes. Judging from the sad tears when Su Fan and Bai Juyi left, Bai Juyi had true feelings for them. I want to run for the willow branches of Han Yu. Why didn't I run away when I said let her go? Su Fan has been with Bai Juyi for 14 years. Bai Juyi once asked Pei Du, then prime minister, for a good horse. Pei Du probably heard the name of Su Fan, so he wrote to Bai Juyi and wrote a poem saying, "If you are interested in leisure, I will pay attention to it. The ancients tried to go to Su Fan under the pretext of "taking famous horses as concubines". Although Pei Du was a powerful prime minister, Bai Juyi could not give up. He wrote a poem and declined Peidu, saying, "An Shi's romantic life is helpless, and he wants to exchange red horses for green moths. Don't send Dongshan without telling you. Who will sing with you? It can be seen that Bai Juyi is still very affectionate. This is much better than Su Shi trading Chunniang for a horse and letting Chunniang touch the locust tree and die in a rage. " Therefore, the person who lambasted Bai Juyi as an "old rascal" must fully understand the social environment at that time before he can draw a conclusion. In fact, there was nothing out of line in Bai Juyi's behavior, and no one criticized him at that time. Looking at the ancients, we can't stick to the current moral standards. If according to the modern concept, Jia Baoyu is underage, he will try "sex" with Xiren and engage in homosexuality with Qin Zhong. Must be a bad teenager. Is sister Lin, who is in a terrible love, worth it? The impartial Bao Gong also openly owns mistresses (concubines), while Du Mu openly invites prostitutes. Now, because of the "life style" problem, it is bound to have a very bad influence, and nine times out of ten, the official will be lost. 」
Bai Juyi, whose real name is Lotte, is a Buddhist in Xiangshan. Originally from Taiyuan, he moved to Xiaao (now Weinan County, western province). In the seventh year of Dali (772), he was born in Xinzheng (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province). He lived in the mid-Tang dynasty, where officials were good at power and the people were poor. Family political status belongs to the middle and lower classes. When he was eleven or twelve years old, he wandered in Jiangsu, Hangzhou, Vietnam and other places to avoid the chaos in the south of the Yangtze River. Study hard as a teenager to pray for the revival of the family. When he was fifteen or sixteen years old, he came to Chang 'an with beautiful fantasy, and became famous with a poem Farewell to Ancient Grass, which was appreciated by veteran Gu Kuang. He stayed in Chang 'an for some days and gradually felt the indifference and filth around him. He knew that Chang 'an could not have his own rank, and finally left disappointed. At the age of 29, Bai Juyi passed the Jinshi exam. In April of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Xian Zongce tried to be wise and upright, and admonished the imperial examination with words. Huang Fushi, Niu Sengru and Li Zongmin criticized current politics and offended eunuchs in their countermeasures. As a result, because of the opposition of eunuchs, they were not allowed to come first, and the officials who took the re-examination policy were also demoted. Bai Juyi angrily wrote to uphold justice. He dared to remonstrate because he was outspoken, which was taboo for rulers. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Li Shidao and Bu Chengzong sent people to Chang 'an to assassinate Prime Minister Wu. Bai Juyi demanded that thieves be arrested urgently to repay the national humiliation, which was hated by the rulers and demoted Jiangzhou Sima on trumped-up charges. Since then, I have fallen to the end of the world, and I am sad and angry. In December of the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi moved to Zhongzhou to be a secretariat, and the political situation turned around. Drawing lessons from the past, he adopted an attitude of protecting himself and taking things as they are. Since then, he has turned his heart to Buddhism and Taoism. In the first year of Changqing (82 1), he served as a doctor of history and a guest doctor, studied imperial edicts, and then transferred to Zhu Guo, where his career was prosperous. In order to avoid being involved in the whirlpool of political struggle, he requested to move out and served as the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou successively. In Hangzhou, he arranged six wells and built dikes to store water for irrigation. When he left office, he also wrote the essentials of water control as "Qiantang Hu Ji" and published it on a stone for his successor to know. It is said that when he left Hangzhou, he left his official salary in the state treasury as an emergency. He is a serious official and has won the love of the people. When Ren Man left the Soviet Union, his parents cried goodbye and sent him ten miles. In the first year of Daiwa (827), he served as secretary supervisor and returned to Chang 'an. In the first month of the second year of Daiwa, he was awarded assistant minister. The following year, Bai Juyi was 58 years old. He felt that he was old and weak and his career was full of risks, so he decided to retire. In the spring, the prince's guests were assigned to the East Capital, and they parted ways with the Imperial Capital. In Luoyang, the eastern capital, he lived a secluded and scholarly life. It can not only save money, but also hurt the body. Huichang died in Luoyang in the sixth year (846). According to legend, after his death, passers-by in Longmen, Luoyang all went to his grave to drink as a souvenir, so that the soil in front of the abbot's grave often became muddy.
Image reference: chic/0306b17/images/0306 _ b17 _ 01image reference: chic/0306b17/images/0306 _ b1. His poems are unpretentious, simple and easy to understand, and are very popular with people. How could he do that? It turns out that Bai Juyi is a person who is very strict with himself. After writing a poem, although it feels good, I always want to listen to other people's opinions before making changes. Once, the old lady next door was sitting outside the house. Bai Juyi read the poem she had just written sentence by sentence and asked her what she didn't understand. The old woman rudely pointed out that Bai Juyi went back to revise it, read it to her after the revision, and revised it several times until the old woman fully understood it. Someone asked him why he asked an old lady with a low level of education. Bai Juyi explained: "My poems are written for ordinary people. What's the use of writing them if even an illiterate old woman can't understand them? " 」
Reference: chic/0306b17/0306b17.
Bai Juyi (772-846)
Poets in Tang dynasty
optimistic
No. Xiangshan lay man and Mr. Zuiyin. Originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi.
The ancestors moved to Weinan, Shaanxi. In his later years, the bureaucrats were young and rich.
Posthumous title's "Wen"
Known as Bai fumei
Bai Wengong. He comes from a small and medium-sized bureaucrat family who is a scholar. Born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province), 1 1 year old.
He was displaced by the war for five or six years. He studied hard when he was a teenager. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he was a scholar.
Eighteen years.
Together with Yuan Zhen, he was awarded the title of outstanding scholar. The two became friends. Later, Bai Yuan became equally famous in poetry. In the spring of nineteen years.
Awarded to the secretary, provincial school book lang. The first year of Yuanhe (806)
Go to school, Shu Lang.
Write 75 articles "Celin"
Deng's "Theory of Combination of Body and Material"
He was awarded a county commandant. I wrote "Watching Wheat" and "Song of Eternal Sorrow". Yuanhe returned to Korea the following year.
1 1 month awarded Hanlin bachelor.
The following year, he was left as editor-in-chief. Four years.
Together with Yuan Zhen and Li Shen, he started the New Yuefu Movement for five years.
Cao, a native of Jingzhao House, joined the army. At this time, he is still a bachelor of Hanlin.
Draft an imperial edict
Participate in national politics. He is not afraid of powerful people.
Speak frankly and discuss things. Yuanhe six years
He lost his family because of his mother.
Out of service
I have been back in Beijing for ten years.
Please catch the murderer of Wu quickly, because you are the first person to go to Shanghai.
Was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. The following year, he wrote Pipa Xing and began to "live in seclusion".
Build a thatched cottage in Lushan Mountain.
Thought has changed from "helping the world" to "independence"
There are more and more leisurely and sentimental poems. Thirteen years of Yuanhe
Change zhongzhou secretariat
Return to Beijing after fifteen years.
Reluctantly moved to China Bookstore. Because of the cronies in the DPRK.
In the second year of Changqing (822), he requested to be released.
It has always been the history of Hangzhou and Suzhou.
It won the hearts of the people. The first year of literate admired yamato (827)
Visit the secretary's supervisor
Next year, turn to assistant minister of punishments.
Ichiji
He settled in Luoyang. Later, he became a guest of honor for Prince Edward, Henan Yin and Prince Shaofu. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he amused himself with poetry, wine, Zen, piano and landscape.
Often sing with rachel.
Called Bai Liu Huichang for four years.
Invest in digging Longmen Bajie Stone Beach for the benefit of boat people. He died at the age of 75.
Buried in Pipa Peak, Xiangshan, Longmen, Luoyang
Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph for him. Bai Juyi's Poetic Thought
Integrate Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Go one's own way.
With Confucianism, "reaching the goal will help the world."
Poverty is the guiding ideology, and its aim is to be "satisfactory"
Give priority to with Confucian benevolent government.
It also includes the theory of Huang Lao, the technique of Guan Xiao, and the method of applying for Korea; His heart of "being alone"
He absorbed the concepts of contentment, neatness and freedom of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and the Buddhist thought of "liberation", which was roughly bounded by Bai Bianjiang Sima. Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3,000 poems.
He also put forward a whole set of poetic theories. He compared poetry to a fruit tree.
Put forward the viewpoint of "root feeling, Miao characters, Hua Sheng and true meaning" (Nine Books of Yuyuan)
He believes that "emotion" is the fundamental condition of poetry.
"People who touch people's hearts, first of all, don't care about their feelings" (ibid.)
Emotion is emotional and related to current politics. Therefore,
Poetry creation cannot be divorced from reality.
Must be based on various events in real life.
It reflects the social and political situation of an era and inherits the tradition of taking pride as beauty since the Book of Songs.
He attaches importance to the realistic content and social function of poetry, and emphasizes the function of poetry to expose and criticize political malpractice. He put forward a series of principles in the expression of poetry: "the same words and quality"
Simple words
The expression is straightforward; "Call a spade a spade, come straight to the point"
write whatever is true
Close to things; "This thing is true."
Real content
Well documented; "Smooth and comfortable body"
Fluent writing
Easy to sing (preface to new Yuefu). His poetic theory is very important to urge poets to face up to reality.
Care about people's livelihood and sufferings
It is of progressive significance. For the poetic style that has gradually paid attention to form since Dali (766 ~ 779)
However, it overemphasizes that poetry creation is subordinate to the needs of real politics.
This will inevitably restrict the artistic creation and style diversification of poetry. Bai Juyi, a literary creator, once divided his poems into four categories: irony, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous methods. Generally speaking,
The first three categories are outdated.
The latter category is near-body, and the first three categories are roughly distinguished by content.
But there is an intersection. Among the four types of poetry,
Bai himself pays more attention to the first two categories.
It is believed that satirical poems embody "the ambition of being satisfactory to both sides"; Leisure poems show the meaning of "being independent"; Both of them are direct manifestations of his life goals. Sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems are "or tempted by one thing."
Send a smile and sing a song.
blunt
Not in this life "(nine books with the same yuan). Satire is the essence of white poetry. 50 masterpieces of new Yuefu.
Qin Zhongyin 10, which widely reflects the important issues in all aspects of social life in the middle Tang Dynasty.
It focuses on the darkness of reality and the suffering of the people. These poems are strongly worded.
stop at nothing
Break through the tradition of "gentle and honest" poetry teaching.
It is very prominent in ancient poems that criticize current politics. Satire is more direct in form and more complete in narrative.
A vivid plot
The plot of the characters is meticulous and vivid, while the other part of the satire is supported by allegory.
Relying on natural images to express political feelings, these two kinds of works have profound and extensive generalization significance.
Theme concentration
Vivid image
This language is easy to understand. Some new Yuefu also adopted the sentence pattern of "three, three and seven"
There are traces of folk popular literature and art, and most of the leisure poems express the yearning for seclusion and quiet life in the countryside and the interest of leading an honest and clean life. Many poems also promote the idea of contentment, but some poems show dissatisfaction with reality from the side.
It shows that his pursuit of leisure is just a helpless relief. Sentimental poems are most famous for their narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Xing". Song of Eternal Sorrow sings the marriage and love story of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei.
Ironically, "the emperor of China is eager to shake the beauty of an empire."
Pipa Travel has the feeling of "the end of the world is reduced to a human being", and it is more sentimental and sympathetic to "this worry is endless"
And outstanding achievements in Chinese. These two poems have twists and turns in narrative.
Write in detail
Be good at arranging and setting off
Sound and rhyme are smooth and harmonious.
Very popular. Bai also has many articles about rewarding relatives and friends.
True love and true care
Simple and touching, but in this kind of poems, there are many lamentations about the old and sick.
The sad color of mourning and Buddhism's thought of getting rid of the hubbub. Miscellaneous poems are the most common in white poems.
It is famous for some intriguing lyric landscape poems.
Sketch technique
A few strokes
There is a lot of business. There are also some long sentences telling the truth, contrasting melodies, and romantic poems full of light and wine.
Also imitated by many people. At that time, white poems were widely circulated.
Shanguterus
Down to the people
It's everywhere.
Its reputation has spread far and wide in Xinjiang, Korea and Japan, and Bai poetry has a great influence on later literature.
Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Nie, Luo Yin and Du in the late Tang Dynasty.
Yu Wang in Song Dynasty? Mei, Su Shi, Lu You, Wu and Huang Zunxian in Qing Dynasty.
All of them were inspired by white poems, and later playwrights also re-created them according to the stories of white poems.
For example, Bai Pu and Hong wrote Rain and Palace of Eternal Life respectively according to Song of Eternal Sorrow; Ma Zhiyuan and Jiang Shiquan created Tears in Shirt and Autumn in Four Strings respectively based on Pipa.
Most of them were adopted by the scripts of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Bai Juyi is not the Han Liu Wenxue Group.
However, he is also an advocate and creator of new style and ancient prose, and he has written 75 pieces of "Ce Lin".
Outstanding knowledge
Talk about a wide range, lively and interesting.
The words are fluent and meaningful.
It is a political paper tracing Jia Yi's public security policy. "Nine Books with the Same Yuan" is magnificent.
A narrative interspersed with comments
It is an important literary criticism document in the Tang Dynasty, such as Caotang Collection, Cold Spring Pavilion Collection, Preface to Sanyou Cave and Preface to Litchi Map.
Wen Jun is concise.
The theme is meaningful. It is a masterpiece in the prose of Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi is also a powerful promoter of ci creation.
Memories of the south of the Yangtze River, waves of sand, flowers without flowers, Sauvignon Blanc.
Paved the way for the development of literati ci.
Reference: Yahoo