standard
A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms
(Title: No.2,
, bold, centered, except English small words, the first letters of other words should be capitalized; In addition: except the title, all English fonts in the paper are "
")
(junior college, major,
, author's name, instructor's name (
figure
, bold), printed in turn under the title of the paper, two lines above, in the middle)
This paper focuses on ... (English abstract: the top two lines; The topic adopts the fifth issue of "New Times"
Roman "font, bold, bold.
Placement of internal and top grids; The back is the same as the bold one in front.
There is a space between the two and nothing else is needed.
; Adopt No.5 Time
New Rome "font, not bold;
. )
Keywords idioms; Comparison; English; Chinese
(English keywords: the topic adopts the fifth issue of "Times New"
Roman "font, bold, the first letters of the two words should be capitalized and placed in bold.
Placement of internal and top grids; There is a space between the following content and the bold square brackets in front, and nothing else is needed.
, use No.5 "
"font, not bold, unless
Outside, the first letters of other words are not big, so they are used between words.
";" Separate,
After that, there is nothing; Do not use any after the last keyword.
. )
1. Introduction
(Capitalize, except the first word and.
Don't capitalize the first letter of other words; There are no punctuation marks at the end of the topic.
In English and Chinese, … So, this article tries to
Pay attention to the lexical differences between Chinese and English idioms
Their basic meanings, idioms and typical expressions.
(Always on,1993: 44; Li Guangling, 1999).
(The first line of the paragraph is indented by 4 English characters;
Tags: appear in
The author in the article must meet the following requirements
Form a one-to-one correspondence; Pay attention to punctuation, time,
Wait a minute. ; In addition, Chinese
The author should appear in pinyin, not Chinese surname;
Appears before punctuation marks)
2. Similarity between English idioms and Chinese idioms
In English, … can be clearly seen from the following examples:
I don't know. I don't know. I am not a poet. I am not a poet. (The examples in this paper are arranged in the order of (1) and (2) ... until the last example; And ①, ② ... Yes.
or
The superscript number of)
3. Differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms
3. 1 Features of English Idioms
(Text chapter number compilation: chapter number: 1. , 2., 3., …; Section number: 1. 1. 1.2…, 2. 1, 2.2 …; The number of this section is: 1. 1. 1.
1.1.2 ... The following parts are used.
The brackets are arranged in order, such as (i), (ii)...；; Then use letters and brackets, such as (a),
(b)，…； The upper left box of each chapter topic,
Numbers, bold; Each part of the upper left box (and part below) theme,
No, not bold, but
; All chapter titles are on a separate line, with no punctuation at the end)
….
Anyway, ...
3.2 Characteristics of Chinese Idioms
….
Feng (1998) found the following problems.
Example (note another way to write brackets in this sentence):
We didn't know the value of water until the well was dry.
People don't realize the value of time until they lose it.
It ...
….
3.2. 1 Analysis of Differences between English and Chinese
style
..... (1) ...
….
㈡……
….
4. Conclusion
….
Bibliography (References) (Grade Four, bold, without any punctuation) Sanved, ed. Oxford book of American literary anecdotes. New.
York: OUP, 198 1.
One,
Title of
A long article
(such as English graduation thesis) generally requires a title page, and its writing format is as follows: the first line title and
The distance from the top of the mountain is about
One third of the total length, the distance from the down line (usually by, in the middle) is 5cm, and the third and fourth lines are the author's name and date respectively (both in the middle). If this article
If students write for a course, the academic title and name of the teacher (such as dr/Prof. c. prager) and the number or name of the course (such as English 734 or English novel) should be marked between the author's name and date. When printing, if there is no special requirement, each line should be double-spaced, that is, interlaced printing, with a line spacing of about 0.6cm (the line spacing of other parts of the paper is the same).
As far as students are concerned, if English papers are short, they can also type the contents of the title page in the upper left of the first page of the text instead of making the title page (and outline page). The name of the author of the first act, and
About 2.5cm from the top, the following lines are the teacher's title and surname, course number (or name) and date in turn; The left side of each row is aligned up and down, leaving a margin of about 2.5cm (the same below). Then there is the title and body of the paper (between the date and the title, between the title and the first line of the body, you only need to print alternately, without leaving more blanks).
Second, English.
English
The page includes topic sentences and the outline itself, and its standard format is as follows: First, type the word Thesis at the beginning of the first line (the distance from the top of the printing paper is still about 2.5cm) and
Type the topic sentence after leaving a space, and the left side must be aligned with the first letter of the topic sentence when returning. primary
capitalize
Mark, secondary
Then use capital English letters in turn,
And lowercase English letters. Add a dot after each number or letter, and type the first letter of the content with a blank space; At the same level
, up, down, left and right must be aligned. It should be noted that there must be more than two equally important programs, that is, I should have II, A should have B, and so on. If English
Long, need two pages, the second page must be in lowercase in the upper right corner.
drop out
That is, ii (the home page does not need to be marked.
)。
Third, the text of English papers
For English papers with title page and outline page, the standard format of the first page of the text is: the title of the paper is centered, about 5cm from the top of the printing paper and about 1.5cm from the first line of the text. The first letter of a paragraph must be indented by five spaces, that is, starting from the sixth space. The first page of the text does not need to be numbered (but the number of pages should be counted). Starting from the second page, the author's surname must be marked in the upper right corner of each page (that is, the first line behind it is blank), and it can only be used after leaving a blank space.
Mark the page number;
(or its last bit) should be the last space of the line. Pay attention to the printing format of punctuation marks when printing the text, that is, leave two spaces after the end of the sentence (period, question mark and exclamation point) and one space after other punctuation marks.
Four. Quotations in English papers
It is an important link in writing English papers to quote the original works or the opinions of experts and scholars correctly. We should not only pay attention to the organic unity of citations and papers, that is, their logicality, but also pay attention to the citation format (that is, English papers)
) normative. Quote other people's opinions, either directly or indirectly. In any case, the author of the paper must indicate the author and source of the quoted text. Currently the United States
The usual practice is to indicate the author and source of the quotation in brackets after the quotation. According to the different situations cited in this paper, some standard formats are described as follows.
1. If the citation is less than three lines, the citation can be organically integrated into the paper. For example:
The separation of Arnold's personal desires from his legacy led to "a familiar picture of Victorian people living alone in a strange universe" (Roper 9).
Here, the Roper in brackets is the last name of the author of the citation (full name is not required); Arabic numerals are the page numbers of quotations (don't write P.9); There should be a space between the author's surname and the page number, but punctuation is not needed; The period should be placed after the second parenthesis.
2. If the cited text exceeds three lines, the citation should be separated from the text of the paper, as shown in the following example:
Whitman has proved himself to be an outstanding representative and pioneer of the Democratic Party and his "democratic prospect".
Is admirable and distinctive.
Abuse. If a person feels sorry
Whitman can't imagine
Extreme social crisis, that's for sure.
No society can tolerate it.
Citizens can't find refreshments.
Optimistic democratic idealism. (Datong 165)
There are two points to note in the format here. First, the first letter on the left of an English paper has ten spaces, and the spacing is different, that is, it should be typed from the eleventh box; Second, quotation does not need quotation marks, and the ending period should be marked after the last word.
3. If you need to insert notes in the quotation to explain some words, you should use square brackets (not parentheses). For example:
Dr. Beaman pointed out that "he (Charles Darwin) is an important factor in the debate between evolution and biblical creationism" (9).
It is worth noting that in this case, the surname of the author of the quotation has already appeared in the leading sentence, so it is only necessary to indicate the page number of the quotation in brackets.
4. If there are words irrelevant to the paper that need to be deleted from the text to be quoted, they need to be used.
. if
Appear in quotation marks with three dots, such as at the end of quotation marks, with four dots, the last dot indicates a period, and placed after the second bracket (generally speaking, it should be avoided at the beginning of quotation marks.
); There should be a space between dots and letters, or between dots. For example:
Mary shelley hated tyranny, and "regarded the poor as poor victims of the social system, and regarded the rich and people of noble birth as victims" ... with undisguised contempt and contempt ... (Nietzsche 43).
5. If the quotation comes from multiple volumes, in addition to the volume number, the author's surname and page number should also be indicated. For example:
Professor's History of English Literature aims to provide China readers with a "historical overview from the earliest English literature to the 20th century English literature" (Chen, 1:i).
1 in brackets is the volume number, in lowercase.
I is the page number, indicating that the quotation is from 1 volume.
(
、
、
Page numbers in lowercase Roman numerals). In addition, the history of English literature is underlined; The standard format is: the title of the book, including the name of the work published in the form of a book (such as
) need to be crossed, or use
; Other works, such as poems, essays, short stories, etc. , titled
Signs, such as "until autumn" and "democratic prospect" appear in front.
6. If an English paper quotes two or more works by the same author, it should indicate the author, the page number of the citation and the name of the work. For example:
Bacon condemned Prato as an "obstacle to science" (Farrington, Philosophy 35).
Farrington pointed out that Aristotle's father Nico Marcos is a physician, and he may train his son to engage in medicine (Aristotle 15).
These two examples quoted two works by Farrington respectively, so the titles of the cited books are marked in their own brackets to avoid confusion. The names of the two books are abbreviations (if the titles are too long, they should also be abbreviated when indicated in brackets), and the full names are Founder of Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Francis Bacon and Aristotle.
7. Commenting on poetry often needs to quote the original poem. The quotation format is shown in the following example.
When Beowulf dived up to the surface of the water, "rough waves and large areas of water/were washed away ..." (1.1620-21).
The poems quoted here are separated by slashes, and there must be spaces between slashes and letters and punctuation marks before and after; 1 in brackets is the abbreviation of line; 2 1 need not be written as 162 1. If the quoted poem exceeds three lines, it is still necessary to separate the quoted poem from the main body of the paper (see item 4, point 2).
Verb (abbreviation of verb) bibliography of English papers
The author of the paper must provide a detailed publication of all the quotations in the paper at the end of the text, that is, the document catalogue page. American colleges and universities generally call this page a work citation page, and its format should pay attention to the following points:
1. The directory page should be separated from the body, printed on another page, and placed after the body.
2. The table of contents page should be regarded as a page of an English paper, and the author's surname and page number should be indicated in the upper right corner according to the page number order of the paper; If the entry is more than one page, the first page does not need to be marked with the author's surname and page number (but the number of pages must be counted), and the remaining pages are still marked with the author's surname and page number in order. The cited title works are about 2.5cm from the top of the printing paper, and still 0.6cm from the first line of the first item. The distance between items and rows is also 0.6cm, so there is no need to leave more blanks.
3. The order of each content is the author's surname, first name, name of the work, name of the publishing house, place of publication, year of publication and page numbers. ; Entries should be arranged in strict alphabetical order according to the author's surname, but it is not necessary to code each entry, and it is not necessary to separate books from magazines, periodicals and other entries.
4. The first line of each item needs to be printed in the top box, and five boxes need to be indented when returning this line to distinguish it from other items.
Some special projects are listed below and briefly explained for readers' reference.
Two or more books by the same author.
Brooks, Collins. The foundation of excellent writing: a
Handbook of modern rhetoric. New york: Hackett, 1950.
The Hidden God: A Study of Hemingway, Faulkner and Ye Zhi,
Elliot and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP, 1963.
To quote several works by the same author, you only need to indicate the author's name in the first entry, and the remaining entries are three.
And a dot instead of the author's name; Each entry must be based on the first word of the title (
Except) in alphabetical order.
An author and an editor
Shake Speer, William. The tragedy of Macbeth. Edited by ... Louis Bay
Wright. New york: Washington Square, 1959.
In this entry, the author Shakespeare's name ranks first, and the editor's name (not upside down) ranks last, indicating that the quotation comes from the tradition of Macbeth; If the quotation is written by an editor
、
Wait. , need to put the editor's name in front, such as:
Richard Blake Mo, The Art of Fiction:
Preface to criticism. By Henry James. New york: From Scribner,
1962.vii-xxxix。
if
Written By the same person as the author, the format is shown in the following example (just indicate the author's surname after by):
Emory, Donald. Preface Basic English. Through emery.
London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.
Multi-volume work
Thomas brown. The works of Sir thomas brown. Edit by
Jeffrey Keynes. Volume 4 London: Faber, 1928.
Thomas brown. The works of Sir thomas brown. Edit by
Jeffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. Four volumes.
The first entry indicates that the book has ***4 volumes, and the author of the paper uses the contents of each volume; The second entry indicates that the author only used the contents in Volume 2.
An anthology in an anthology
English romanticism: the spirit of the times.
Re-examine romanticism. Edited by Northrop Frye. new
York: Columbia University, 1963.63-88.
The names of English papers cited must be marked in quotation marks, and attention should be paid to putting the period after the English paper name in quotation marks. The page numbers at the beginning and end of the article in the anthology must be marked at the end of the item.
Articles in periodicals, magazines and newspapers
Child Abuse: Group Therapy for Parents by Marie Otto.
Journal of Personnel and Guidance 62( 1984): 336-48