Jueju is a kind of poetic genre, which evolved from "five words short ancient, seven words short song". A quatrain has four sentences each, usually five or seven words. Summer quatrains refer to quatrains written in summer.
Summer quatrains is a five-character quatrain written by Li Qingzhao, a poet in the Song Dynasty. This is an ancient poem that satirizes the present and expresses grief and indignation. The first two sentences of the poem are surprising and straightforward, suggesting that people "live as outstanding people", make contributions to the country and serve the court; "Death" should also be a "ghost hero" to be a hero with indomitable spirit. Deep patriotism gushed out and shocked people. In the last two sentences, the poet satirizes the shameless behavior of those in power in the Southern Song Dynasty by praising Xiang Yu's tragic behavior. There are only 20 short words in the whole poem, but three allusions are used in succession, which can be described as meticulous words and full of sense of justice between the lines.
original text
Summer quatrains
Li Qingzhao? Song dynasty
Live and be a man among men; Die and become the soul in the soul.
Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East.
translate
Be a hero in life and a hero in ghosts in death.
People still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to drag out an ignoble existence back to Jiangdong.
To annotate ...
People's heroes. Emperor Gaozu once praised the founding heroes Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin as "outstanding figures".
Ghost hero: the hero in the ghost. Qu Yuan's Mourning for the Country: When the body dies, the soul is a ghost.
Xiang Yu: At the end of the Qin Dynasty, he stood on his own as the overlord of the western Chu State and competed with Liu Bang for the world. In the Battle of Gaixia, he was defeated and committed suicide.
Jiangdong: the place where Xiang Yu fought with his uncle Xiang Liang.
Creation background
In A.D. 1 127 (the second year of Jingkang), the nomads from the Jin Dynasty invaded the Central Plains and took Hui Di and Emperor Qin, and Zhao and Song were forced to flee south. Zhao Mingcheng, Li Qingzhao's husband, became a health magistrate. After the rebellion broke out in the city, Zhao Mingcheng was not thinking about counterinsurgency, but chickened out. Li Qingzhao is ashamed of her country and her husband. When she passed the Wujiang River, she felt the solemn and stirring of Xiang Yu and wrote this poem.
Make an appreciative comment
This is an ancient poem that satirizes the present and expresses grief and indignation. The first two sentences of the poem are surprising and straightforward, suggesting that people "live as outstanding people", make contributions to the country and serve the court; "Death" should also be a "ghost hero" to be a hero with indomitable spirit. Deep patriotism gushed out and shocked people. In the last two sentences, the poet satirizes the shameless behavior of those in power in the Southern Song Dynasty by praising Xiang Yu's tragic behavior.
Life is an outstanding person, and death is a ghost. "This is not a subtle combination of words, nor is it a clever touch-up of a few words; It is the essence of conciseness, the boldness of spirit and the fearless attitude towards life. That awe-inspiring character and awe-inspiring righteousness fill the space between heaven and earth, making ghosts and gods change color in vain. The place of "as" is "as", woman! Thin boneless hands, delicate body, soft interpretation, wrapped around fingers and heart, sad and touching, delicate and touching beyond measure. Because of her consistent writing style, she is known as an "elegant school" in the literary world. When the power of the pen tip is prominent, the power of the pen tip appears. How many people in the world can match this power and momentum?
"I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong." The poetess remembered that the fierce overlord of Chu was named Xiang Yu, followed the spirit and integrity of Xiang Yu, and hated the powerful people of the current dynasty for stealing the peaceful political affairs of the Song Dynasty. They all say take a step back and broaden the horizon. A river is the dividing line between life and death, but there is only one thought, which is the difference between life and death. In order to live up to the hero's honor, Xiang Yu innocently became a seven-foot man, innocently entrusted by his elders in Jiangdong, and paid the price for his own death. "no"! Not "can't", not "don't want to", not "don't want to", not "don't go". The charm of a pen with the word "nothing" is better than uncanny workmanship and higher than heaven and earth. A heroic spirit of "killing without humiliation" and "dying without fear without humiliation" permeates the page and permeates the back of the page, which is self-evident!
This poem clearly puts forward the value orientation of life: people should be heroes in life and contribute to the country; Even if you die, you have to die for your country and become a hero in ghosts. Patriotic passion, beyond words, was really inspiring. The rulers of the southern song dynasty ignored the lives of the people and only cared about their own escape; Abandon the rivers and mountains of the Central Plains and drag out an ignoble existence. Then, the poet remembered Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu broke through to Wujiang, and the director of Wujiang Pavilion advised him to cross the river quickly and return to Jiangdong for assembly. Xiang Yu felt ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong, so he turned around and killed hundreds of enemy troops, and then committed suicide. The poet lashed out at the shameless behavior of the rulers in the Southern Song Dynasty, and used the ancient times to satirize the present, which was awe-inspiring. There are only twenty words in the whole poem, and three allusions are used in succession, but it's no harm to pile them up, because they are all the poet's voices. The poems that hit the floor are so generous and vigorous, all written by women, which really makes people overwhelmed.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Qingzhao (1March 08413 ~11May 55 12) was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong. Song Dynasty (the turn of North and South Song Dynasty) poet, the representative of graceful and restrained words, is known as "the first talented woman through the ages". In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost.