"Lonely smoke in the desert" refers to the vastness, vastness and desolation of the border areas, and the solitary smoke goes straight to the sky, giving people a vast and strong aesthetic feeling. It brings us a lonely atmosphere and expresses the characteristics of the vast frontier fortress.
"Long River Falling Yen" depicts the sunset. The long river flows in the border area, and the sun sets, and the sun shines on the earth in the form of a circle through the cracks in the clouds or between mountains. The "long river" here can refer to the rivers in the border areas such as the Yellow River, and it can also refer to the rivers in the border areas, expressing the beauty and magnificence of natural landscapes and sunsets.
The artistic conception of the whole poem gives people a feeling of desolation, loneliness, grandeur and magnificence in the frontier fortress area. Through the description of the lonely smoke in the frontier fortress desert and the sunset in the long river, the poet expressed his praise for the natural scenery and his yearning for the frontier fortress area. At the same time, we can also see the poet's deep thinking about the changes of the world and the impermanence of life, showing a helplessness and openness to life between the vast desert and the long river.
original text
Go to the frontier to carry out tasks
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
translate
I'm going to visit the border, and I'm going to Juyan, which is far away in the northwest frontier.
Like a grass drifting with the wind, wild geese belonging to the north are flying in the sky.
In the vast desert, solitary smoke rises to the sky, and the sunset is round by the Yellow River.
When I arrived at Xiaoguan, I met the reconnaissance cavalry and learned that the commander-in-chief was still at the front.
To annotate ...
Sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.
Bicycle: a car, few means of transportation, described here as light and simple.
Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
Dependent country: there are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are dependent on Hanting and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys.
Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There is Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), and the old city is located in Ejina Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jinta County of Gansu Province. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".
Qian Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, which is the poet's metaphor here.
Guiyan: Wild geese are migratory birds, flying north in spring and south in autumn. Here, the geese fly north.
Hu Tian: The airspace of the Hu people. This refers to the northern part occupied by Tang Jun.
Desert: the big desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou.
Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to future generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind of "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty.
Long River: Yellow River.
Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient pass, also known as Longshan Pass, is located in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia.
Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true.
Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main official is Du Hu, and each government faction has a guardian and two deputies, who are responsible for all affairs within their jurisdiction. This refers to the front-line commander. Ran Yan: Ran Yan, which is today's Mount Hang 'ai in Mongolia. Dou Xianbei defeated the Huns in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and recorded his achievements with a stone record at this moment. This represents the front line.
"Bicycle" two sentences: one sentence is "life and duty, bicycle wants to ask the side."
A scout on horseback.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a frontier poem written by the poet on his way to the frontier to express his condolences to the soldiers. It describes the journey of making frontier fortress and the scenery beyond the Great Wall seen during the journey. The first two sentences explain the purpose and place of this trip and why you wrote this poem; Zhuan Xu's two sentences contain multiple meanings, and the feeling of borrowing grass to write down; The two sentences of the neck couplet describe the magnificent scene of the frontier desert, with a vast realm and magnificent weather. The end couplet wrote frontier fortress, but I didn't see the general officer. The scout told the special envoy that the first general was at the front. This poem not only reflects the frontier life, but also expresses the feelings of loneliness, loneliness and sadness caused by the exclusion of the poet, as well as the generous and tragic feelings caused by the emotion being edified, purified and sublimated in the majestic scenery of the desert, showing an open-minded feeling.
Creation background
In the spring of 737 AD (the 25th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated the Tubo army in the west. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Weifeng Liangzhou as the censor, went out to the fortress to comfort himself and inspect the military situation, and served as our envoy in Hexi. In fact, Wang Wei was excluded from the court. This poem was written on the way to the fortress.
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Wei (70 1 year -76 1 year, 699 -76 1 year), whose real name was Ji Jie, was named the magic pony. Han nationality, a native of Hedong, Zhou Pu (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) and Qixian, Shanxi, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty and was known as the "Shi Fo". Su Shi commented: "Poetry is full of paintings; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was a scholar and was appointed as Tai Lecheng. During the Tianbao period, he worshipped the official department as a doctor and a servant. In the first year of Tang Suzong's rule, he was appointed as a senior minister, known as "Wang Youcheng". Wang Wei is a representative of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Today, there are more than 400 poems, including Acacia and Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains. Wang Wei is proficient in Buddhism and is greatly influenced by Zen. Buddhism has a Vimalakīrti Jing, which is the origin of Wang Wei's name and ci. Wang Wei's poems, paintings and calligraphy are all famous, versatile and proficient in music. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng".