Returning to the pastoral home is a group of fresh and natural masterpieces, the first sentence of which is: "Less is not suitable for vulgar rhyme, and naturally loves autumn mountains." I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. "After staying in the cage for a long time, I returned to nature." It vividly depicts the leisurely and quiet rural life and expresses the joy of getting rid of the "dust net" and "cage" and returning to nature. One of the masterpieces of leisure life and fun is He Zhu Guo Bo? Quot love the forest in front of the hall, hide in the summer shade. Kaifeng, fly back and open my chest. Rest and make friends, lie down and play the piano. Gardens and vegetables are full of nutrients, and the old valley still stores them. It is excellent to run your own business, but it is not admirable to go too far. Brew wine. I'll pour it when it's ripe. Weak children play on my side, learning language is not perfect. Speaking of forgetting the hairpin, it's really a pleasure. Look at the white clouds in the distance and miss the past. "Xia Feng is written in the poem, playing the pipa, being self-sufficient in the vegetable valley, getting drunk, having children around his knees, and having an idyllic feeling. One of the masterpieces of hard life is Begging: "Hunger drives me away, and I don't know what to do; "Go to Sri Lanka, knocking at the door is all thumbs. The master solved the problem and left a virtual period. Talk about harmony all day and pour a glass. Love rejoices with new knowledge and joy, words are sung and poems are created. I'm sorry I'm not a Korean talent. You know what to be thankful for, and you can repay it in kind. " In the poem, Tao Yuanming asks for a loan, and the host gives him a gift and hospitality. At this time, Tao Yuanming was very poor and could not repay the old woman who washed her clothes like Han Xin. He can only go to hades to repay his master after his death. Tao Yuanming also wrote down his understanding and feelings about labor in his pastoral career of "devoting all his money to self-financing".
"Harvest early rice in Xitian in September at the end of Gengshou" wrote: "Life belongs to the Tao, and food and clothing are solid. Don't camp at all, for safety? ..... far from drowning, it is related to the Millennium. " I wish I could grow up like this. I'm not sorry for my efforts. "It profoundly shows that self-sufficiency in the field of power conforms to the way of life. As long as the hermit is alive and drowned in ancient times, he is willing to plow.
The third song of "Returning to the Pastoral Residence": "Beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The grassy narrow path, the night dew wet my clothes. " I don't want to cherish my clothes, but I don't want to go against my will. "Write the personal experience in labor more delicately. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also embody a philosophical connotation of "nature". The fifth "Drinking" is a famous sentence widely read by later generations: "Building a house is in a human condition, but there are no horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. "There is a real meaning in it, but I forgot to say it if I want to distinguish it." This poem reflects Tao Yuanming's philosophical thinking on life. His distant artistic conception, pure autumn chrysanthemum, towering Nanshan and free birds all entrusted the author's moral integrity and pure and noble ideals. Wang Anshi was full of praise for this poem, saying that "there is no such sentence since there was a poet". In addition, Tao Yuanming also wrote some poems expressing his feelings, mainly including drinking, miscellaneous poems, chanting poverty, reading Shan Hai Jing and so on. Tao Yuanming has been unwilling to make progress politically. He once had a fierce ambition to help the poor and make contributions: "When I was young, I was happy if I was unhappy, and I was eager to escape from everything in the world." ("Miscellaneous Poems") However, the muddled reality made his ambition hard to pay, and finally he got rid of it and returned to the field. There is a strong feeling in his poems. Like a lonely cloud, he sang enthusiastically against Jing Ke in Qiang Qin. "The male is in danger and angry." ..... Although he has passed away, he has been affectionate for thousands of years. "In" Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas "II, cynicism is even more impassioned:" Jingwei holds a micro-wood and will fill the sea. Xingtian United and danced, aiming high. Similarly, all beings have no residual sorrow, become foreign bodies and have no remorse. "Just in the past, just wait for the morning!" Poetry praises the great spirit of not giving in to fate; At the same time, he expressed resentment that his ambition was hard to show. The dark social politics made him fulfill his wish "in the past" instead of "in the morning". This kind of poetry shows another style of Tao Yuanming, so Zhu thinks that Tao's poems are bold, while Lu Xun says that they are not "all silent, so he is great" ("Cao Qi at the end of the title")
Tao Yuanming's prose and poetry are as simple and natural as his poetry. Going back to Xi Xi, Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, The Misfortune of a Scholar and Self-sacrifice are all famous books that people have been reading. Come home to Xi Ci, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu and Self-sacrifice are all Tao Yuanming's own essays.
Gui Qu Ci is the representative work of Tao Yuanming's Ci and Fu, which was written when Peng Ze resigned and returned to his hometown. This is a declaration to bid farewell to officialdom, with sincere feelings and fluent writing. Ouyang Xiu was full of praise for this article, and even said: "Jin has no article, Tao Yuanming's The Return of the Native!"
"Biography of Mr. May 6th" is also a strange article with more than 100 words, and the word "nothing" runs through it. "Mr. Wu doesn't know who he is or what his last name is." "Quiet, don't admire Li Rong; I like reading, but I don't want to know too much. " In this paper, Mr. Wu Liu is frank and detached, expressing Tao Yuanming's "natural" philosophy of life.
Peach Blossom Garden is close to the novel in content, so it is included in the Postscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Tao Yuanming created an ideal society without emperor, war, self-sufficiency and peace and stability. The article writes that the fishing father of Wuling first entered the Peach Blossom Garden: "Suddenly he met the Peach Blossom Forest, and there were hundreds of steps on the shore, and there were no miscellaneous trees in it. The grass is delicious and the English is very colorful. " Write Peach Blossom Garden Style: "The land is flat and spacious, the houses are like this, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and bamboos, there are pavilions and traffic, and chickens and dogs smell it ... and they have yellow hair and are very happy." In this beautiful settlement, there are the ancient simplicity pursued by Confucianism and the tranquility of "small country and few people" advocated by Laozi, which expresses the broad masses' yearning for a peaceful society in turbulent times. In addition, Tao Yuanming boldly denied the monarchy in his article and endowed it with profound ideological and political connotation. The villagers in the Peach Blossom Garden "don't know why there are Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties", which is in the same strain as Ruan Ji's Biography of Mr. Adult and Bao Jingyan's On No King.
Tao Yuanming's artistic style is famous for its simplicity, naturalness and innocence. His works are not gorgeous and vague, but are carefully carved, returning to nature and highly refined and clear. Later scholars commented: "Tao Shi is light and does not cut cordless." "However, the rope is cut to a natural place, so we can see its lightness and beauty, but we can't see its cutting marks." Another artistic feature is that emotion, scenery and reason are natural, forming a complete artistic conception with strong artistic appeal. Tao Yuanming's works are full of inner feelings. While describing rural life and natural scenery, he entrusted his denial of the dark social reality and understanding of life philosophy.
Tao Yuanming is an important poet in the history of China literature. Known as "the Sect of Hermit Poets in Ancient and Modern Times" (Zhong Rong's poems), he is the originator of pastoral poetry. His influence on later culture was long-term and extensive. All the famous poets in China have been influenced by Tao Yuanming's art, and they sincerely admire his poems. However, Tao Yuanming was quite lonely in the poetry circle before his death, and the recognition of Tao Yuanming's poems in the literary world experienced a gradual deepening and lasting process. "Learning from Peng Taoze Style" written by Bao Zhao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, is the earliest effective poem in the history of literature. But he used natural and popular language, but he was criticized as "dangerous and vulgar" behind it. Shen Yue was a literary leader during the Qi and Liang Dynasties. He first wrote a biography for Tao Yuanming in Song Shu, which was classified as "seclusion". There are some poems in the biography, such as Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Going Home, Disappearing with the Same, Giving birth to a child, etc., but Tao's poems are not mentioned at all. Liu Xie's monograph on literary criticism, Wen Xin Diao Long, also failed to comment on Tao poetry. Zhong Rong, another contemporary literary theorist, spoke highly of Tao Yuanming and was listed as the top grade in poetry. However, in the Song Dynasty, Chen wrote "Solving the Problem of Zhi Zhai", which reduced Tao poetry from top grade to middle grade. Zhong Rong commented on Tao's poem: "The source of this poem is Ying, which is also related to the wind of left thinking. The style of writing is clean, and there are almost no long speeches. It's too old-fashioned, with clear pronunciation and mellow voice. Every time you look at his works, you will think of his morality. The world laments its straightness. As good as "Drunk Spring Wine" and "Cloudless Evening Day", it is beautiful, and the family speaks evil words! Zongye, a reclusive poet in ancient and modern times. " Xiao Tong, the king of Liang Dynasty, commented on Tao Yuanming in Selected Works: "His prose is not complicated, and his words are brilliant; Ups and downs, unique, hearty, not in Beijing. " "I love my writing, and I can't let it go. I still cherish my virtue and hate it at the same time. " (Preface to the Collection of Tao Yuanming) Many great poets in the Tang Dynasty were fascinated by Tao Yuanming. Li Bai once said, "When you get to the chestnut color, you will encounter a lifetime." (Play for Zheng Liyang), chestnuts are the hometown of Tao Yuanming. Du Fu said, "How can you think like Xie Tao's hand and let the canal narrate and travel with you? Quot Bai Juyi said, "I have always loved Tao Pengze, but I don't like my writing." (Title Xunyang Building) After the Northern Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming became more and more respected in the literary world. Yan Shu once said, "I would rather follow Tao than take Meng Jiao's heart." Su Shi couldn't let go of his love for Tao poetry. He tasted the inscription "Shu Yuan Ming Xi farmers go to my long poems" and said: "I heard that there are poems by Tao Yuanming in Tuolin Temple in Jiangzhou, and I wanted to send someone to ask for them. Unexpectedly, Li Jiangzhou suddenly sent me a legacy with big words and thick paper. This is very satisfying. "I don't need to read anything except an article, for fear that I can't remember myself after reading it." I said in the article Ziyou: "Ancient poets all imitated the ancients, but those who didn't chase the ancients all started from Dongpo. I'm just a poet. I'm only good at profound poetry. Yuan Ming wrote few poems, but his poems are solid, which is beyond the reach of Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li and Du Fu. There are nine poems in my poems, and I am proud of it. I call myself not too ashamed. Quot "If you want to teach the teacher in the evening, it's just in case. "Lu you also set Tao Yuanming as an example. In Zi Mian, he said, "When learning poetry, you should learn pottery, and when learning books, you should learn beauty. Lu Jiuyuan, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, quoted Tao Gong as a fellow, saying, "Li Bai, Du Fu and Tao Yuanming all feel my Tao." ("The Complete Works of Xiangshan", Volume 34) Zhu also regards Tao Gong as a bosom friend: "Born thousands of years later, there are still thousands of years ago. Every time I look for the biography of Gao Shi, I sigh deeply and wisely. " During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the criticism of Tao became more and more popular, and the evaluation of Tao Yuanming in the literary world has become a conclusion. Huang Zunxian, a reformist poet in the late Qing Dynasty, quoted Yuan Ming's poem Drinking, "Building a house depends on human feelings, and there are no horses and chariots." He named himself Master Lu and named it "Man is in Lu Shicao". Gong Zizhen compared Tao Gong with Zhuge Liang and Qu Yuan: "Tao Qian looks like Wolong Hao, and has been asking Yang Song to praise him through the ages. Don't believe that poets are dull. Fu Liang is divided into two parts. However, it is believed that Tao Yuanming's poems contain a variety of profound and simple characteristics in the unified style of simplicity and nature: "Tao's poems have a lofty mind and a profound and simple section, which cannot be everywhere." "The founder of the Tang Dynasty has his own purity, Mengshan people have his own leisure, Chu Taizu has his own simplicity, Wei has his own conflict, and Liu has his own integrity, which are close to his nature. Some scholars have pointed out that almost all successful poets in past dynasties were influenced by his art, and there were more than a thousand poems of "imitating pottery" and "harmony with pottery" in later generations.
In addition, Tao Yuanming's poems were introduced to Korea, Japan, France, Germany, Britain, the United States, Russia, Australia and other countries, which had a wide influence. Romain rolland, a master of French literature, said in a letter to China poet Liang: "Your translation of poetry fascinates me." . The famous Japanese scholar Obuchi Bunjiro wrote in the Study of Tao Yuanming: "The spread of Tao Yuanming's literature in Japan has continued from the ancient generation to today. No matter how time goes by, poets, literati and painters of past dynasties all look forward to his quiet and noble personality and love his poems infinitely.