Cao Cao (155-220), whose real name is Meng De, is not only an outstanding strategist, politician, but also a poet. Today, there are more than 20 poems. Some of his poems truly reflect the social reality of the turmoil and sufferings of the people in the late Han Dynasty. For example, Hao recorded the darkest and chaotic history before and after Dong Zhuo's rebellion at the end of the Han Dynasty, and described the tragic reality caused by the warlords' struggle for power and profit: "A louse is born, and the surname is dead. The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing. There are hundreds of people left behind, and their thoughts are broken. " The other part of the poem expresses his ambition in life and unification of the world. For example, Looking at the Sea describes what I saw and felt when I climbed Jieshi and looked at the sea, which shows the author's spirit and broad mind in dealing with the universe. "although you live a long life" expresses the positive and enterprising spirit of being old and strong; "Short Song" expresses the desire for talents and the determination to make contributions. Cao Cao creatively wrote current events with ancient Yuefu inscriptions, such as Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing, which were originally funeral elegies, but in Cao Cao's works, they were called the Book of the Later Han Dynasty because of their distinctiveness in reflecting reality. In addition, his four-character poems have injected new vitality into the already rigid form. Cao Cao not only pioneered the atmosphere with his own creation, but also contributed to the prosperity and development of Jian 'an literature with his own advocacy of literature.
Cao Cao's prose most prominently embodies the simple, elegant, beautiful and growing style different from that of the Han Dynasty. His representative works "Let Counties Know the Truth" and "Let the Sages Not Be Arrested" are all simple and natural, unpretentious, unconstrained by etiquette, and express their hearts directly and sincerely.
Cao Pi (187-226), Zi Huan, the second son of Cao Cao. In 220 AD, he abolished the independence of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and assisted Wei Wendi. There are about 40 existing poems in various forms, including four words, five words, six words, seven words, miscellaneous words, etc., which mostly express feelings about life and thoughts on life philosophy. In addition to some poems about feasting and enjoying, the theme mainly shows that wanderers miss home and people miss their wives. Through the traditional theme, it shows the atmosphere of the times, such as the world is cold, the wind is surging, the world is cold, and the lives are ruined. The style is beautiful and generous. Two of the most famous poems, Ge Yanxing, are the earliest complete seven-character poems in China, which have had a great influence on the development of later songs. First, the description of women tossing and turning in the bleak autumn night, missing people far away, delicate and euphemistic, lingering, enduring. The language of Cao Pi's articles is more and more beautiful, with a strong sense of xenophobia and lyricism, which represents the tendency of the article from quality to country. For example, The Book of Quality with Wu depicts the feelings of friends and their relaxed temperament in the process of recalling the past and sentimentalizing the dead. With sad and sincere feelings, fluent and euphemistic language, delicate and beautiful writing, it is a masterpiece with implicit and affectionate feelings.
Cao Zhi (192-232), the fourth son of Cao Cao, is healthy and talented. There are more than 90 existing poems, and their creation is divided into two periods based on the twenty-five years of Jian 'an.
There are two main types of his early works, one is the sadness at that time. For example, two poems, Watching the Eagle, describe the desolation and ruin of Luoyang, while Fu Liang's Poem on Mount Tai describes the extremely poor life of the seaside people, both of which show deep sympathy for the people. The other kind expresses the ideal ambition of making contributions, full of optimism and romance. For example, "White Horse" expresses its heroic feelings of "dying in a national disaster and suddenly" with the image of a ranger who is brave and good at fighting, high-spirited and eager to go to the national disaster.
In the later period, I mainly expressed my grief and indignation at being sent away and abandoned. There are roughly four themes: one is to express resentment against persecution of oneself and friends. His masterpiece is Wang Biao on a White Horse. The whole poem is divided into seven chapters. Angrily accused Cao Pi Group of cruel persecution of brothers and princes, and expressed all kinds of tortuous and complicated feelings such as grief, fear, desolation and indignation. The second is the traditional theme "Forever in My Heart", which expresses one's feelings by missing his wife and abandoning his wife's grievances. For example, "Seven Wounded Poems" expresses a person's thoughts, represents his thoughts about a woman, and entrusts his own experiences and feelings with sad feelings and novel imagination. The third is to express one's feelings and ambitions. For example, the fifth part of Miscellaneous Poems expresses a person's ambition to serve the country generously and not to live in seclusion. Fourthly, the poems about immortals, except for a few poems that seek immortality and take food, mostly express the yearning for seclusion and seclusion through the traditional theme of immortals.
Cao Zhi's poems are both literary and artistic, and have made great achievements. He explored the theme and content of poetry in many aspects, paid attention to the description of melody and skills in art, and was creative, which greatly enriched the artistic expression of poetry. Zhong Rong's evaluation of his poems in Shi Pin is: "The character is extremely high, the words are adopted by Hua Mao, the feelings are elegant and resentful, and the body is literary." Cao Zhi was also the first literati to write five-character poems vigorously, and two-thirds of the existing poems are five-character poems. With his outstanding creation, he has made great contributions to the transformation of China's classical poetry from plain folk songs to literati poems, and deserves to be the most outstanding representative of Jian 'an poetry circle.
Cao Zhi's prose is lyrical, with concise and orderly narrative theory, strong emotional color, seemingly handy and freely used. For example, "Seeking the Self-Test Table" is full of quotations, repeated metaphors, layers of promotion and sincere love words, which vividly and tactfully expresses a person's loyalty and desire to do things. In artistic form, parallel prose is widely used, but it can be scattered in parallel, and the sentences are uneven in length and patchwork, so it is neat and not weak.
His Ode to Luoshen is a legend that Cao Zhi thought of Luoshui when he crossed it in Huang San (222). The whole article is exquisite in brushwork and flowery in wording, which vividly depicts the beautiful, clever and ethereal image of the goddess and vividly expresses the endless sadness and disappointment that people can't give up when they meet God.