Why is St. Petersburg written as a place of depravity in many literary works?

St Petersburg is a unique and contradictory city in Russian literary world. Many poets and writers have descriptions in their works, and they have different views. Some people praised it and called it "the window of Europe", while others, with hatred and despair, compared St. Petersburg to a city built on ruins, a city cursed by Russia. As the "cradle of Russian poetry" (колыбельпоэмы) and the capital of Russian literature (стли) Pushkin, lev tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Nikolai Gogol and other names that make Russians proud are closely linked with St. Petersburg. They pushed Russian literature to the peak, and their Russian literary tradition of fighting for the future of the motherland and people's freedom and happiness was inherited by future generations. This paper consists of three parts: The first part is the historical memory of the image of St. Petersburg, which mainly tells the process and status of the establishment and growth of St. Petersburg. The second part: As for the literary memory of St. Petersburg, it summarizes the position of St. Petersburg in Russian literature in the "Silver Age" and the different attitudes and views of writers on the city. The third part: In view of the pluralistic construction of the literary image of St. Petersburg in the 19th century, this paper analyzes and summarizes some works of three Russian writers in the 19th century. First of all, Pushkin wrote St. Petersburg, which is the treasure of St. Petersburg and the soul of the city. I chose the memory of Pushkin's Huang Cun вспоминаниеоцарско. The relationship between Pushkin and St. Petersburg is as inseparable as the relationship between Pushkin and Russian literature. Pushkin's love for St. Petersburg is sincere and enthusiastic. It is hard to find another city that Pushkin can describe and praise with pen and ink like St. Petersburg. Followed by Dostoevsky's St. Petersburg, he is a psychoanalyst and a watcher of St. Petersburg. In Crime and Punishment, his "пресуплениеиакаэа" St. Petersburg. Finally, St. Petersburg was written by Nikolai Gogol, who was the spokesman of "nobody". In the novella The Story of Petersburg, Nikolai Gogol inherited the writing style of "little people" initiated by Pushkin. At the same time, he not only wrote their tragic experiences and bitter life experiences, but also further wrote their thoughts, feelings and deep feelings. St Petersburg described by him is the epitome of Russian autocratic social life. It looks gorgeous, youthful and gentle. At the same time, all the evils of society are concentrated here, full of hypocrisy, deception and oppression. As an important literary and artistic space, Petersburg has been repeatedly described and explained, becoming a field for various discourse forces to compete, and playing an intriguing role in the process of Russian literature. This paper adopts the method of literary hermeneutics, through the close reading of the literary text, and on the premise of aesthetic perception, deeply understands, analyzes and explains the detailed description in the text, thus sketching out the multiple images of St. Petersburg written by Russian writers in the19th century.