The white clouds are still scattered, whose home is the bright moon?
This five-line poem was written in the later period of Hanlin.
Li Bai was sent to Chang 'an by Xuanzong in the autumn of the first year of Tianbao (742). Before that, he had been living in Yuedi (now Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), and Shangyu, the county where Dongshan and Xie 'an lived in seclusion, was a neighboring county. Some people say that Li Bai may really live in seclusion in Dongshan. Li Bai's seclusion before was actually an expedient measure to avoid seeking official positions. When he lived in seclusion, he never forgot Ling Yun's aspiration of "helping the poor" and "washing sand". Now that Xuanzong summoned him to Beijing, he was naturally surprised, but he was also very excited. There is a saying in "Nanling children go to Beijing": "Go out and laugh in the sky, my generation is Artemisia." Li Bai is really overjoyed and on cloud nine at this time. However, when he arrived in Chang 'an, Xuanzong only worshipped him as an "academician to be called" and did not give him any high-ranking officials. When Li Bai was in Chang 'an, he was only asked to write some poems praising the scenery: in the early spring of the second year of Tianbao (743), Xuanzong entertained himself in the palace and ordered Li Bai to write eight poems about the music in the palace; Zhongchun, Xuanzong visited Yichun Garden, and Li Baifeng wrote "The willow in Longchi is green at the beginning, listening to the new warbler"; In late spring, Xuanzong and Yang Fei enjoyed peony in Xingqing Pool, and Li Bai wrote three famous qingping tunes. In summer, Xuanzong visited Bailianchi, and Li Bai wrote "Preface to Flowers in An Baili" (this preface has been lost). Li Bai is actually a literary attendant of Chang 'an. There is no essential difference between his imperial poems and Fei Yang's entertaining Xuanzong with color and Gong Sundaniang's entertaining Xuanzong with sword dance. Originally, he came to Chang 'an this time to make great achievements. He wants to be the best person and minister like Xie An in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. If not, he will do something important to "clean up the sand". But there's nothing wrong with seeking an official position now. How can he insist on retiring without being disheartened? Coupled with his aloof nature, he offended some dignitaries such as Gao Lishi, and the situation was very bad. It is completely understandable that he gradually began to return to the south. Li said in the preface to the collection of Caotang: "Ugliness is in the same column, and harm can become slander, so the emperor should use it with caution." Gong is a prodigal son and a heavy drinker. I often call him Dongshan when I sing. " This is a true and accurate description of the basic tendency of Li Bai's thought in this period. Li Bai entered Beijing in the autumn of 742, left Beijing in the spring of 744, and stayed in Chang 'an for just over a year and a half. Generally speaking, Li Bai thought more about serving Hanlin in the early stage and retiring in the later stage. Judging from the content of the poem, there is no doubt that this poem was written in the later period of Hanlin.
This poem is about seclusion and its theme is seclusion. Dongshan was originally a secluded place before Xie An, an important minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born. There is a rose cave on the mountain, where Xie An gave a banquet. There are two white clouds and bright moons, which are Xie An's seclusion. The poem says: I haven't been to Dongshan for a long time. I don't know what happened to Rose Cave, Baiyun Hall and Yueming Hall there. Still the same looks and charm? The author's love for Dongshan is beyond words. Li Bai's yearning for Dongshan shows that he has regained his seclusion. Li Bai's thought of retiring is the embodiment of his great personality, which is not willing to "bend to be a powerful person", and is a helpless lament that his ambition of "helping the poor" and "clearing the sand" is hard to pay. In this sense, this poem is Li Bai's farewell speech. Of course, Li Bai's "coming back" is not Tao Yuanming's passive seclusion of "putting everything in the western regions" and "feeling that his life is over". He knew that "the emperor's hometown could not be expected", but he was not completely desperate. If society needs it, he will go out of the mountain to be an official and choose his master to die. His subsequent enlistment from Wang Yong Lin Jun is a proof.
Therefore, Li Bai's seclusion is a kind of active seclusion, which is a reflection of his idea of "making a comeback" by actively joining the WTO. The greatest artistic feature of this poem is the clever, appropriate and natural use of puns. Literally, the whole poem does not reveal the meaning of roses, white clouds and bright moon. He skillfully embedded the literal meaning and literal meaning together, forming two puns: the three scenes of Dongshan not only coincide with the natural scenery in part, but also add the charming charm of Dongshan in general. Besides, the use of puns is much better than directly revealing what it means. If you find it, the poem will be dull. Now it is more beautiful to add its fragrance with roses and enhance its charm with white clouds and bright moons than to write it directly. When readers suddenly understand that roses, white clouds and bright moons are really meaningful, they can only admire the generosity and profound thoughts contained in this poem after appreciating its unique fragrance and charm. Li Bai's poems give readers a unique artistic feeling by first feeling its beauty and then its depth. This is the success of this poem.
Goethe once said, "There is no real art without emotion." The feelings of this poem are also extremely sincere and profound. And this sincere and profound feeling is expressed by a stack of three questions. These three rooms are: Ask Bai Yutang how many times he opened them; Second, will Baiyun gather and disperse by itself? Who can the bright moon fall? This stack of three questions makes the poet miss Dongshan and yearn to return to Dongshan, which shows incisively and vividly. Just like a homesick person, a fellow villager in Lu Yu is eager to inquire about the sights of his hometown. He has a lot of demands, and his demands are urgent, so childlike innocence can't help but make people feel in full swing. Li Bai's poems also use this expression of constant questioning. From these three urgent questions, readers naturally feel that the poet is not only determined to return home, but also anxious to return.
Li Bai's poems are famous for their elegance. There are often bright moons and white clouds in his poems, which adds elegance and sage style to his works. But roses don't often appear in Li Bai's poems. This rose, which appeared in the five wonders, is a breakthrough in Li Bai's poetic style. This shows that Li Bai's poems also have their rich and fragrant, gorgeous and beautiful side. The artistic complexity of Li Bai's poems is also here.