The "Six Meanings" in "The Preface to Mao's Poems" refer to Feng, Fu, Bi, Xing, Ya and Song.
Mao Shi: refers to the ancient Chinese "Poetry" compiled and annotated by Mao Heng of Lu State and Mao Chang of Zhao State during the Western Han Dynasty, which is now the popular "Book of Songs" in the world. "The Book of Songs" is the first collection of poems in the history of Han literature, with 305 chapters. Each Mao poem has a small preface to introduce the content, purpose, etc. of the poem. Under the first chapter of the book, "Guanyong", in addition to the minor preface, there is also a general preface, called the "Major Preface to Poetry", which is the first monograph on ancient Han poetry. Zheng Xuan, a classics scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, once wrote "notes" for "The Biography of Mao", and in the Tang Dynasty Kong Yingda wrote "Mao Shi Zhengyi".
Six meanings: nouns in the Book of Songs. It is generally believed that Feng, Ya, and Song are the classification and content themes of poetry; Fu, Bi, and Xing are the expression techniques of poetry. Among them, Feng, Ya and Song are divided into different types of music. Zheng Qiao said: "The sound of the local customs is called wind, the sound of the court is called Ya, and the sound of the ancestral temple is called Song." ("Preface to Tongzhi") Fu, Bi and Xing are divided according to their expression techniques.
The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: Feng, Ya and Song. "The sound of the customs is called wind", "the sound of the court is called Ya", "the sound of the ancestral temple is called song", so "wind" is the music of various vassal states; "Ya" is the official music of the capital area; "Song" is the music of the ancestral temple. The joy of sacrifice. As for "Daya" and "Xiaoya", they should be divided into music. "Those who are broad and quiet and open to the letter should sing "Daya"; those who are thrifty and polite should sing "Xiaoya"." The artistic techniques of "The Book of Songs" have been It is summarized as "Fu, Bi, Xing". Together with "Feng, Ya and Song", it is called the "Six Meanings". Zhu Xi's "Annotations to the Collection of Poems" points out: "The person who writes poetry tells the story directly" (narrative); "Comparison means comparing this thing with another thing" (using things to describe ambition); "Xing means talking about other things first to trigger the words to be chanted" (the text is exhausted but there is more than enough meaning). According to this interpretation, " "Fu" means statement and elaboration; "Bi" is equivalent to a modern rhetorical metaphor; the basic meaning of "Xing" is to use other things as the beginning of a poem.
Li Zhongmeng from the Song Dynasty explained: Narrating things with romance , it is called endowment, and the emotion is extinguished by things; asking for things to express feelings is called ratio, and feelings are attached to things; touching things to arouse feelings is called xing, and things are emotional.