2. Cao Xueqin (17 15 ~ 1763) is a writer in China. Masterpiece: A Dream of Red Mansions. Reason for being selected: His novel A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece and the greatest novel in the feudal society of the world. Cao Xueqin has a free nature and a wide range of hobbies. He has studied epigraphy, poetry, painting, gardening, Chinese medicine, darning, craft and diet. During the ten years of seclusion in Xishan, with perseverance and years of hardships, he "familiarized himself with the old book Yue Feng Baojian for ten years, adding and deleting it five times" and finally created a masterpiece "China" with excellent ideological and artistic qualities. Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution lies in his literary creation. A Dream of Red Mansions, created by him, has a large scale, rigorous structure, complicated plot and vivid description, and has shaped many typical artistic images of characters, which can be called the peak of China's ancient novels. Therefore, Cao Xueqin is the most outstanding representative of feudal literature in China, a master in the history of world novels, and one of the few greatest writers throughout the ages, occupying a very important position in the history of world literature. French critics praised Cao Xueqin for having Brewster's keen vision, Tolstoy's sympathy, Muse's intelligence and humor, Balzac's insight and the ability to reproduce all social strata from bottom to top. Lu Xun commented: "Since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions, traditional thinking and writing methods have been broken." Cao Xueqin left a valuable cultural heritage and spiritual wealth for the Chinese nation and the people of the world, which not only had a far-reaching impact on the creation of later writers, but also produced a large number of excellent derivative works in the fields of painting, film and television, animation, online games and so on. Academia and society have been endlessly discussing and discussing the author, version and text of A Dream of Red Mansions, and even formed a special knowledge-A Dream of Red Mansions.
3. william shakespeare (1564 ~ 16 16) is an English playwright. Masterpieces: Hamlet and other plays. Reason for being selected: He is the most important great writer, outstanding dramatist and poet in Britain during the European Renaissance. He created a large number of well-known literary works, which occupies a special position in the history of European literature and is known as "Zeus on Olympus, the literature of mankind". As a great playwright, he, together with the three great tragedies of ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides, are called the four great tragedies in the history of European drama. Since the beginning of17th century, Shakespeare's plays have been introduced to Germany, France, Italy, Russia and Northern Europe, and then gradually spread to the United States and even the rest of the world, which has had a great and far-reaching impact on the development of drama in various countries and has become an important link and source of inspiration for the development and exchange of world culture. After the rise of romanticism and realism, Shakespeare swept Europe. Hugo, Stendhal and others held high the banner of Shakespeare and advocated the spirit of Shakespeare in the struggle against classicism.
4. Battleship Dante AliGneki Cheri (1265 ~ 132 1), an Italian poet. Masterpiece: The Divine Comedy. Reason for being selected: Dante is the founder of modern Italian and one of the pioneers of the European Renaissance. He is famous for his long poem The Divine Comedy. He is regarded as the greatest poet in Italy, one of the most outstanding poets and one of the greatest writers in the West. Engels commented: "The end of the feudal Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern capitalist era are marked by a great man, the Italian Dante, the last poet in the Middle Ages and the first poet in the new era". Dante wrote many works in his life, the most valuable of which is undoubtedly the Divine Comedy. Through the dialogue between the author and various famous figures in hell, purgatory and heaven, this work reflects the achievements and some major problems in the field of medieval culture, and has the nature of "encyclopedia", from which we can also glimpse the dawn of humanistic thought in the Renaissance. In this epic with more than 14,000 lines, Dante resolutely opposed obscurantism in the Middle Ages, criticized all kinds of evil deeds of figures in the old century, praised the beauty and bright guidance of the soul, and expressed his persistent pursuit of truth, which had a far-reaching impact on the poetry creation of later generations in Europe. Therefore, he is a great writer in the world and a symbol of an era.
5. Goethe (1749 ~ 1832) was a German thinker, writer and scientist. Masterpiece: Faust. Reason for selection: He is the most famous representative of Weimar classicism. As the creator of poetry, drama and prose, he is one of the greatest writers in Germany and an outstanding and brilliant figure in the field of world literature. 1773, he wrote a play "Gotz von Berlichenken", which was famous in German literature. Young Werther was published in 1774, which made him famous and gradually became a great poet, novelist, dramatist and outstanding thinker. Faust, Homer's epic, Dante's Divine Comedy and Shakespeare's Hamlet are also called the four classic works of European literature, so Goethe has a great influence on world literature. His works have been translated into 48 languages and are an important part of the classics of various countries.
6. Balzac (1799 ~ 1850), French writer. Masterpieces: Eugénie Grandet and Lao Gaoman. Reason for selection: He is called the father of modern French novels. 1829 published the novel "Being a Man", which took the first step in realistic creation. 183 1 made him famous for the story of donkey skin. He wants to be Napoleon in literature. In the 1930s and 1940s, he created a lot of works with amazing perseverance. He wrote 9 1 novels and created 2472 vivid characters, which are collectively called "human comedy". Human comedy is known as "the encyclopedia of capitalist society". Therefore, Balzac is a great genius, a literary superstar, a great French critical realism writer in the19th century, the founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature, and a great writer with a strong romantic sentiment. While he was in debt because of his luxurious life, he created profound literary masterpieces with lofty and profound thoughts. His life is full of interesting stories, and his works are even more praised as "a mirror of French society". On his deathbed, Hugo, a great literary master, stood in the drizzle in Paris, France, and commented passionately in front of thousands of mourners: "Balzac is one of the greatest figures; Among the best figures, Balzac is one of the best. " Balzac set up an immortal monument in the history of world literature with his own creation.
7. Pushkin (1799 ~ 1837), Russian writer. Masterpiece: yevgeny onegin. Reason for selection: He is a famous Russian writer, regarded by many as the greatest poet in Russia and the founder of modern Russian literature. /kloc-the main representative of Russian romantic literature in the 0/9th century. His masterpieces include Ode to Freedom, Ode to the Sea and Ode to Chaadayev. Poetic novel yevgeni onegin, novella The Captain's Daughter, etc. Pushkin's works, with their lofty ideology and perfect artistry, have had a great influence all over the world, and his works have been translated into many languages. Pushkin shows his love for freedom and life in his works, and he firmly believes that light will overcome darkness and reason will overcome prejudice. His lofty mission and lofty ambition of "lighting people's hearts with words" deeply touched generation after generation. His works inspired the creative passion and inspiration of many Russian musicians. Pushkin enjoys a lofty position in the history of Russian literature. Pushkin's literary works have successfully created typical figures such as "superfluous man", "money knight", "nobody" and the leader of the peasant movement. Belinsky pointed out in the famous article "The Works of Alexander Pushkin": "Russian literature only started from Pushkin, because the pulse of Russian life is beating in his poems." Herzen, on the other hand, said that in the "cruel era" of Nicholas I's reactionary rule, "only Pushkin's sonorous and vast singing sounded in the valley of slavery and suffering: this singing inherited the past era, enriched today's days with brave voices, and sent its voice to the distant future". Goncharov said, "Pushkin is the father and ancestor of Russian art, just as lomonosov is the father of Russian science".
8. Cervantes (1547 ~ 16 16) is a Spanish novelist, dramatist and poet. Masterpiece: Don Quixote. Reason for selection: Don Quixote is one of the earliest realistic novels in Europe and enjoys a world reputation. Cervantes has repeatedly said that he wrote Don Quixote to satirize the popular knight novel at that time and "clean up the knight novel". In fact, the actual effect of the work far exceeds this "purpose". Through Don Quixote's adventures as a ranger, this paper depicts the broad life picture of Spanish society at the end of16th century and the beginning of17th century, showing the darkness and decay of feudal rule, with a distinct humanistic tendency and a strong humanitarian spirit. Up to now, it has been translated into hundreds of versions of 100 languages. Therefore, he is regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish literary world. Critics call his novel Don Quixote the first modern novel in the history of literature and one of the treasures of world literature.
9. victor hugo (1802 ~ 1885) is a French writer. Masterpieces: Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables. Reason for selection: He is a representative writer of French positive romantic literature in the early19th century, a representative figure of humanitarianism, an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, and is called "Shakespeare of France". He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary comments and political articles in his life, which have a wide influence in France and even the world. Hugo has been a language master and an outstanding writer for more than 60 years, but he has never been an original writer, or he is not a writer famous for his originality. Hugo is a master with superb skills in symbolism and poetic form, and he can accurately shout out his changeable voice of the times. However, although he is an outstanding language master and has written a lot of excellent works, he has never succeeded in creating poems that surpass others. All the thoughts of his time are reflected in his works by unparalleled rhetoric, and his voice, like any other writer, has no structure beyond the times. Another feature of Hugo's works is verbosity. Some of his great works are irrelevant, repetitive and useless. For example, Les Miserables was expected to write six volumes, but in the end it wrote ten volumes. But even so, it is undeniable that he is one of the greatest writers in world history.
10, Homer (about 9th century to 8th century), an ancient Greek poet. Masterpiece: Homer's epic. Reason for being selected: According to legend, he wrote the Trojan War from BC 12 to BC 1 1 century, as well as the two long narrative representative poems of ancient Greece, the Iliad and the Odyssey, all based on short folk songs. He lived between 10 BC and the 9th and 8th centuries. His masterpiece Homer's Epic has long influenced western religions, cultures and ethics. According to textual research, Homer's name as a blind poet in ancient Greece is not the poet's real name. Homer's earliest meaning: it is the name of a house in ancient Greece. Because of the importance of what is done in this house, the name of the house is synonymous with what is done in the house. In ancient Greece, when there were no mature words to record history, history could only be recorded by reciting and singing. The place where singing is recited full-time is called Homer. Nowadays, the written language is advanced enough to record history, and the way of reciting and singing has been gradually eliminated. It is in this process that a blind man inherited a career that was once prominent in his ancestors and then gradually marginalized. Because he thinks it takes a lot of people to recite Historical Records, and all of them can sing and recite. Because the written language is not very popular, the literacy rate is low and the number of words is small, it has been widely praised. It is in this process that the public gradually forgot the real name of the blind poet, and called the blind man by the name of what the blind man did, so that the blind poet got the title of Homer. Homer's epic is the social history and custom history during the transition from ancient Greek clan society to slavery, which has important values in history, geography, archaeology and folklore. This epic also shows humanism and affirms human dignity, value and strength. This is the artistic creation of human childhood, which inevitably has ideological and artistic limitations. But if Homer really exists and wrote most of his epics, then he is not only the ancestor of western literature, but also a great poet.