Teaching objectives
1. Taste the expressive effect of rhetorical devices such as metaphor and parallelism in the text.
2. Experience the writing characteristics of this article, such as sincere feelings, rigorous structure, beautiful language and grand momentum, and learn to write a speech.
3. Understand the idea of peaceful struggle expressed by Martin Luther King.
4. Feel the author's passionate feelings and great dedication to racial equality.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Taste the expressive effect of rhetorical devices such as metaphor and parallelism in the text.
2. Experience the writing characteristics of this article, such as sincere feelings, rigorous structure, beautiful language and grand momentum, and learn to write a speech.
Preparation before class
Before teaching, guide students to consult relevant materials, understand the history and present situation of the author and African Americans, and deepen their understanding of the text.
teaching process
First, the introduction of new courses.
1. Students introduce the history and present situation of the author and African-Americans.
2. The teacher plays the audio clip of the courseware "Martin Luther King and I Have a Dream" in class.
Second, overall perception.
1. Teachers demonstrate the text and students think: How to divide the speech ideas of this article?
After discussion, it is obvious that the whole speech can be divided into three parts. The first part (1-6) points out the requirements of this demonstration and the rationality of the requirements. The second part (7- 16) States the struggle strategy to realize its requirements. The third part (17-32) expresses the author's persistent pursuit of ideals and his determination and belief in realizing them. The first part is the reason of this parade and the basis of the speech; The second part is the strategy and goal of this activity, which is also the beginning of the speech; The third part is the author's ideal, which is also the climax and ending of the speech.
2. What are the speech features of I Have a Dream?
After discussion, it is obvious that we can make thousands of efforts to pursue our ideals. Firm belief and determination constitute the soul of "I have a dream" speech. Rich emotion is the main line of this speech. The speaker began with the expectation of "ending the long night of racial slavery". One hundred years later, blacks are still "exiles in their own land", disappointed with the meaning of fulfilling their promises and the bright future of "My Dream". The combination of dreams, new songs and hymns endows the speaker with sadness and longing. This emotion resonates with the audience's psychology. The clear principle of struggle, the presentation of vital interests and the prospect of a bright future all infect the audience's emotions and sublimate them.
Third, specific research.
1. At the beginning of the speech, the great significance of "signing the emancipation proclamation" was clarified. What is the author's purpose in writing this way?
Clear: The Emancipation Proclamation has a great influence in American history, and it can also be said that it is a code to protect the rights of slaves. The author spoke highly of the great significance of the Declaration, saying that it was "like the light of a lighthouse, bringing hope to millions of black slaves who suffered from the unjust fire that destroyed their lives." In this way, the author first established a strong legal foundation for the slave movement for civil rights and freedom, indicating that slaves should and must enjoy equal rights since the Declaration was promulgated in the United States. This puts the U.S. government at an extremely unfavorable position and clears the obstacles of public opinion for the future struggle.
From the content point of view, after clarifying the meaning of the declaration, the author took a sharp turn and revealed the disappointing reality of the United States a hundred years later. "Black people still live on a poor island in a rich ocean, still shrink in the corner of American society, and are exiles in their homeland." This tragic situation of black people is in great contrast with the brilliance of the first paragraph of the declaration. In contrast, the article will naturally have a very strong satirical effect, which will enhance the combat effectiveness and appeal of the content to the enemy.
2. Can you see Martin Luther King's struggle strategy from the second part of the speech?
Clear: Yes. The second part is divided into three layers: the first layer (paragraphs 7 to 8) puts forward the principle of struggle and the attitude of white people. The principle of struggle is not to use violence. This is consistent with Martin Luther King's consistent position. We should not completely distrust the attitude of white people, because the fate of ordinary white people is closely related to the freedom of black people. The second level (paragraphs 9 to 14) points out the goal of the struggle: black people's right to freedom and justice. This layer uses parallelism, which makes the passion of the article fall like a waterfall and expresses the strong desire of black people for civil rights, equality and freedom. The third layer (paragraphs 15 to 16) points out firm beliefs. The struggle is long-term and cannot be solved by this parade. The situation of black people may not be fundamentally changed for the time being, but as long as we persist with unchanging faith and enthusiasm, the desire for justice will eventually be realized.
In a word, Martin Luther King's struggle strategy includes five dimensions: principle-don't use violence, because violence is easy to cause greater emotional harm; Attitude-unite with most white people to gain more recognition and support; Goal-black people must be free, and the goal is unambiguous; Faith-long-term struggle can succeed, and victory will always be realized; Passion-includes rational guidance, because the struggle without rational passion will often fail.
3. How does this article use parallelism to make a speech? What is the effect of making a speech with such a parallelism sentence?
The second paragraph: one hundred years later today ... one hundred years later today ... one hundred years later today expresses the tragic situation of black people in the past one hundred years. The use of parallel sentences strengthens the tragic situation, low status and poverty of black people from many aspects and angles, leaving a very deep impression on the audience. The fifth paragraph: "Now is the time to ... now is the time to ... now is the time to ..." What the author wants to express is that now is the best time for the US government to "keep its promise". Use parallelism to sanctify the purpose of this argument from "desolation" to "sunshine"; It is to turn "quicksand" into "hard stone" and increase the weight of justice in this parade. Paragraph 27 uses five "together" to compare clauses, expressing the determination and belief of blacks to unite and cooperate to carry out the civil rights movement to the end. Through the use of parallelism, this belief is firm and persistent, full of tragic and despair, which arouses the * * * of all readers and listeners. The use of parallelism can make the author express richer content, deeper thoughts, stronger tone and richer feelings. It can produce overwhelming momentum and passion, and then enhance the expressive effect of the speech.
Fourthly, analyze the writing characteristics of this article.
1. This article is a speech. The author is full of enthusiasm for the assembly crowd, but the passionate mood does not make its structure have the slightest disorder. Focusing on the black civil rights struggle, the article first tells the exciting history of the United States, and then exposes the disappointing reality a hundred years later. The urgency of the government to fulfill its promise in reality naturally led to its own dream. The full text has clear clues and strong integrity. Its calm and in-depth analysis and steady and rigorous structure make the article thorough and impeccable.
This article is very distinctive in language expression. Martin Luther King has a reputation as a "black voice". His speech was vivid and fluent, with a warm tone, which was very inspiring and infectious. In particular, the flexible use of various rhetorical devices in the speech shows the author's extraordinary language control ability. The author compares the obligations that the United States should fulfill to a "blank check", which was stamped with the "insufficient funds" and then returned, vividly exposing the hypocrisy and meanness of the government. The five consecutive parallel paragraphs of "I Dream One Day" make this speech full of sincere and warm feelings, and the charm is achieved in one go. This dream rooted in American reality is so kind and charming. It vividly expresses the black people's desire for freedom and equality, and also strengthens people's struggle for civil rights.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
This speech contains the author's surging passion, reveals the reality of the United States with majestic brushwork, shows the painful living situation of blacks, praises the high fighting spirit and determination of blacks in their struggle for civil rights, and expresses their strong desire for equality and civil rights and freedom with great expectation.
Sixth, expand reading.
The most precious moment in human history
Richard Nixon
Because of your achievements, the sky has also become a part of the human world. When you talked to us in Jinghai, we felt that we should redouble our efforts to bring peace and tranquility to the earth.
At this most precious moment in human history, people all over the world have become one. They are proud of your achievements, and they also join us in praying for your safe return to earth.
Appreciation skills:
1On June 9, 969, the American "Apollo 1 1" spacecraft was ignited and launched. Five days later, on June 2 1 day, two American astronauts landed on the moon for the first time, opening a new era in human history. When the astronauts landed on the moon, Nixon's speech was conveyed to them by TV.
Perhaps it can be said that this is one of the most distinctive speeches of political leaders in the world today. Say it is the most distinctive, not only because it is short, only a few minutes, only a few words; Not only is this the first speech of one earthman to two other earthmen who landed on the moon, although such an opportunity is really rare and precious. We say this speech is very distinctive, mainly because Nixon seized a precious moment in human history and extended his speech to astronauts to all the residents on the earth. You see, in the limited time and space, he talked about "heaven" and "earth", from the "quiet sea" on the moon to "peace and tranquility" on the earth, which made the audience involuntarily think of something, not only taking the opportunity to show off the scientific and technological strength of the United States, but also to publicize the foreign policy of the United States.
Appreciate training:
If one day, as the first scientist in China who landed on the moon, you were asked to give a speech to the whole country and the whole world, what would you do? Can you write a short speech on this topic?