Huangfusong, whose birth and death year is unknown, is Huangfusong, whose real name is Tan Luanzi. Born in Xin 'an (now Chun 'an, Hangzhou), he was the son of Huangfushi, a famous ancient prose writer in the Tang Dynasty. He works in poetry and writing carelessly and is good at writing, but he has never been a scholar. According to the Five Dynasties King's Tang Yan Yan Yan (Volume 10), in December of the third year of Guanghua (900), Wei Zhuang invited Meng Jiao, Li He, Huang Fusong, Lu Guimeng, Zhao Guangyuan and others to enter the Jinshi, saying that all the people "have no obvious connections, but all have wizards. Beautiful sentences and clear words can be seen everywhere in people's mouths; I hate it, but it's ghost dust. " 369 volumes of Complete Tang Poems recorded 13 poems and 1 broken sentences, and 89 1 volumes included 18 poems, but there were six repetitions. Selected words of Huajianji 12. According to Five Pronouns in the Tang Dynasty edited by Mr. Zeng, Mr. Liu Zunming, Huangfusong has 22 words. In addition, there are three volumes of Drunken Hometown Sun and Moon, one volume of Yin Dafu, Big Waterside, Calendar of Cattle and Sheep, Qikuiling Zhuan Yao and so on. Yin Dafu is contained in Wen Yuan Hua Ying (Volume 99), Drunken Hometown Sun and Moon contains detailed drinking orders of the Tang people, and there are still some fragments of Wan Shuo, Ancient and Modern Notes, Novels of the Five Dynasties, Tang People Series, Lei Shuo and Waterfront Forest. , and "cattle and sheep calendar sequence" is also listed. His life story is only recorded in the tenth volume of Tang Yan and the fifty-third volume of Tang Shi Chronicle.
Huang Fusong was born in Zhejiang and spent his childhood and adolescence in Jiangnan. Later, I lived with my father for a long time, traveled to Chang 'an, and took part in the imperial examinations many times, all of which landed in Sun Shan. Frustrated and hesitant, they often drown their sorrows by drinking, drift with the tide, and have the idea of being world-weary and abandoning the world. At the beginning of Yin Da Fu, he explained this situation and mood clearly: "Ping has been wandering in China for more than ten years. Traveling is not out of drunkenness, but living in ignorance. " Kang Qing, a contemporary, expressed deep sympathy for this. He once said in the article "Yuan Gong Li He" in "Drama Talk Volume": "After arrogance and Xian Tong, there are more than 1,000 people who try Spring Officials every year, during which there are endless chapters and sentences. How to plant it, Li Mei and Huang Fusong ... The article is beautiful; Wen Tingyun ... named after Ci Fu; ..... All the hard-working mandarin, the first in the city. However, there are several public figures in the meantime, and good words are broadcast in the sea. " It serves to show that Huangfusong's literary talent is really outstanding, and his name is moving for a while.
As mentioned earlier, the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties were an era that produced "romantic talents". Huang Fusong didn't become a character like Wen, which may be related to his life background. His father, Huang Fushi, is outspoken and anxious about Geng Jie (1). He and Li Ao learn classical Chinese from Han Yu together, but the result is, "Ao is right, he is strange" (2). And his thesis also takes "strangeness" and "otherness" as the Sect, and holds that "the new meaning is different from the usual, and if it is different from the usual, it will be strange; High words stand out, and prominent words are strange "(3); At that time, he was actually the leader of Yinan school and the ancestor of Sun Qiao, an ancient prose writer in the late Tang Dynasty. Huang Fushi praised Gu Kuang's poem, "If you are brave and vigorous, you will often wear the heart of heaven and the moon, and your words will be unexpectedly surprised, which is unusual and fast", also from a novel perspective. It can be seen that his poetics is consistent with his thesis. Since his adopted son is so strict, his literary views can't have no influence on Huang Fusong. Specifically, it is not only adhering to the tradition of elegance and integrity, but also involuntarily demanding betrayal and breakthrough.
Specific to the creation of ci, Huangfusong is also between the old and the new, which has both the flavor of traditional poetry and new aesthetic taste, showing beauty and charm. Compared with Wen's infatuation, Huang Fusong should be a poet who knows how to appreciate the innocent and lively beauty of girls.
There are 22 poems written by Huang Fusong today, which are divided into 8 poems about events, 5 poems about eroticism, 2 poems about local customs, 2 poems about homesickness, 2 poems about leisure, 2 poems about scenery, 1 poem about people and 1 poem about frontier fortress. Among them, "picking lotus seeds" (a boat moving in the lake) is both a local custom word and a character word, so it is a two-pronged strategy. Erotic words account for 22.73% of the existing words. Compared with the five pronoun collections in the late Tang Dynasty, such as Wen Ting Yun and Hua Jian Ji, this proportion is very small. Moreover, there are no boudoir love words, and there is no fashion of "men making boudoir sounds", which is also quite special among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty with many words. As far as style is concerned, Huangfusong's ci poems are naturally deep in emotion, fresh and elegant in language, without excessive elegance and fragrance, with obvious poetic tendency, showing the color of transition from folk ci to literati ci. In other words, it shows the writer's efforts to learn and imitate folk words with humility. At this point, he is similar to Wei Zhuang. From the perspective of creative attitude and style, Huangfusong's ci still retains the basic attributes of poetry and is still a poet's ci.
Among Huangfusong's existing ci poems, Dream in the South of the Yangtze River, Picking New Poems and Picking Lotus Seeds are the best, followed by Langtaosha and Tianxianzi. In addition, Zhi Zhu is the product of Huang Fusong's learning and imitating folk songs. Although its artistry is mediocre, it is fresh and natural, which is valuable among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty. There are two poems in "Resentment", one is about the sorrows and sorrows of soldiers and relatives on the frontier, and the other is about the departure from relatives or lovers when recruiting. They are all really touching, rich in content and without illness or weakness. In particular, the phrase "a woman with a white head and a southern dynasty" highlights the anxiety, compassion and vitality of the frontier fortress, which is a different tone among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty. Generally speaking, the most striking features of Huangfusong's ci are: first, the distinctive regional characteristics of southern Zhejiang; Second, deep and delicate feelings; Third, diffuse melancholy or hidden sadness; Fourth, the profound feelings of time and space. The latter three characteristics often merge together, merging into a rich and endless melancholy and melancholy. Because of this, Huangfusong's ci is fresh and unique, which is easy to impress and infect people, reminding people of similar past events in Myanmar, immersing people in it and getting a certain degree of relief.
Look at Huang Fusong's two masterpieces "Jiangnan Dream";
Blue embers fall, and the screen is dark red bananas. Dreaming about plum blossoms in the south of the Yangtze River, boats playing flute and rain at night, and people talking about the post bridge.
Sleeping upstairs, the curtains fall under the waning moon. I dreamed of the melancholy of Moling, peach blossoms and catkins all over the river, and I sat in blowing sheng in a bun.
The structure of these two poems is basically the same. The first two sentences describe the environment where the lyric hero is now, the third sentence points out the time and place of lovesickness, and the last two sentences tell the unforgettable past. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the names of ci changed because of chanting things. Both of them are called "Jiangnan Dream", and they are all wanderers reminiscing about the past in Jiangnan.
Let's see what the poet remembers and what makes him care. Watch the first song first. The first two sentences are about the furnishings in the bedroom, which dye out an environment and atmosphere suitable for dreaming with characteristic images. Orchid embers and bananas are beautiful, fragrant, warm and quiet, from "falling" to "dark", which not only implies insomnia, but also describes environmental hypnosis; I stayed awake all night, watching the incense gradually turn into embers, and the red banana on the screen disappeared in the dark, so I couldn't see clearly. The scenery of Jiangnan on the painting screen triggered the poet's memories of the past in Jiangnan. "Idle dream" is a key point, pointing out the time that happened in the past. "Plum ripening day" is generally interpreted as Huangmei season, which is naturally correct; However, Zhejiang people have their truer feeling that the lovely plums are ripe. However, the best fruit in northern Zhejiang is not Huangmei, but Yangmei. Myrica rubra is a rare fruit in northern Zhejiang. It became a tribute in the Song Dynasty at the latest, and the so-called Huangmei season matured in May. (1) Huang Fusong is from Xin 'an, Zhou Mu, and his so-called plum is almost Yangmei. As recorded in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jian, Hans Zhang "saw Luo Qiufeng and thought about Wuzhong vegetable soup and perch soup", and Huang Fusong also missed his hometown Yangmei because he was trapped in Chang 'an for a long time, thinking of people and things related to Yangmei, and thinking of lovers who met or traveled together because of picking and eating plums. A poet, who has worked hard for a long time, is trapped in the capital. When he is frustrated and hesitant, naturally nothing makes him feel warmer and more comforted than his hometown and his lover. The thought of lovers in hometown is naturally full of beauty, even on the "night boat", even if it is raining, even if it is on the "post side" that is about to break up! Just like a popular contemporary song, "Today is a beautiful day, because I am with you; It happened that it was raining, and there was no one on rainy days. Today is a fine day, because I am with you, just like it is raining in the sky. Rainy days are hard to forget. The night rain is falling, the flute is played in the boat, the bridge is whispering, and the joy is still there. For example, now, as if it were a lifetime ago, yesterday's joy has turned into today's bitterness!
The writing of the second song is similar to that of the first song, but the feelings are stronger and the image is more vivid. The word "sleep" at the beginning is an ambush for the word "dream" at the back. The End of the Moonlight not only shows the long time of insomnia, but also describes the broken and sad mood. The first song is still called "Idle Dreams", so here is the "melancholy" of sleepless nights. What is this? "Moling Incident". What happened in Moling? "Peach blossoms and catkins fill the river, and double steamed buns sit in blowing sheng". In late spring March, peach blossoms are in full bloom, catkins are empty, and vegetation is lush. A girl with a double bun sits on the floor and plays melodious sheng music. It is a beautiful dream! Now I want to see it in my dream, but it is more like a magic flower in Shui Ying. It's heartbreaking to be greedy in one day! Chen Tingzhuo's Shao Yunji is called "melancholy", while "Kindness is elegant" is even more called "euphemistic melancholy".
Let's look at Huang Fusong's "Picking the New":
Yu Di must be taught to play. Red candle, don't be late. The red night after countless storms is an empty branch!
The theme of this word is undoubtedly negative and sentimental. The author compares life to a feast and a tree of flowers, and advises people not to lose their beautiful days and eat, drink and be merry in time. Du Qiuniang's "Jin Lu Qu" said: "I advise you not to cherish golden clothes, but to cherish youth. There are flowers that can be folded straight, don't wait for the flowers to fold. " The meaning of this song is similar, but it is more thorough, with more intense rhythm and words, revealing a sense of sadness. This kind of mentality and feeling is obviously a reflection of the troubled times in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. Kuang Zhouyi's "Eating Cherry Blossoms" puts it well: "It's better to say something hidden, but there are also people who might as well say it. Huangfuziqi's "Picking New Flowers" says:' Beauty is lost overnight, and the branches are empty after the storm.' Speaking lightly hurts. When talking about this song, Mr. Sister Liu also wrote: "The scenery is beautifully described and there are sad feelings in it. Although gorgeous but not * * *, its mood is low. " ①
It's not just the above that makes people feel depressed. The second chapter of Fairy expresses regret, disappointment and regret for the beautiful things that have been lost with the help of fairy stories. The second chapter of "Langtaosha" expresses the feelings of vicissitudes of life through the writing of quicksand in rivers. "Flower Collection" Tang Xianzu commented on this volume, and commented that there is a cloud: "Sang Tian Cang Hai, a word is broken. Beautiful women turn into white hair, beautiful teenagers turn into goose skin old men, and their feelings are embarrassing. " Li Bingruo commented on the second cloud of Xu Zhuang Ji Man: "This poem also has the meaning of being ridiculed and ridiculed, and it is entrusted with the purpose of being far and wide." Another example is "Yang Liuzhi". Every year, the story of the rise and fall of the country is still different. Especially in the late Tang dynasty, which was the first to talk about this dynasty, I felt that the ever-changing willow color as a contrast highlighted the sharp contrast between the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present, which made people feel sad. There are two poems in "Mourning Wu", one is about "playing the flute, tears gushing", and the other is about "parting, tears falling with sadness", which is naturally full of resentment and sadness. The six "bamboo branches" also reflect the longing for love and the pain of parting. Even though the two "Throwing Songs" are about eating, drinking and having fun, they are still the exposure of sloppy and sad psychology.
The really cheerful chapter in Huangfusong's ci is two poems, picking lotus seeds. And look at the exact words:
Even ten hectares of lotus fragrant lotus are cultivated, and my sister-in-law is fond of picking lotus late and young. At night, the bow is wet, and it is even younger to take off the red skirt and wrap the duck.
The boat moves in the lake, and the boat moves in the autumn. Throw lotus seeds into the water for no reason, and you will be known for a long time.
The whole south of the Yangtze River, it seems that only this water area is still rippling with joy; And all the joy seems to be concentrated on these girls. Lotus is a symbol of exquisiteness and holiness, emerging from the mud without being stained; Lotus seed (lotus) is a symbol of purity and love, and "lotus seed" is "Reiko Kobayakawa"; Girls are the representatives of beauty, liveliness, freedom and holiness in interpersonal relationships. When the girl meets the lotus and becomes the cultural image of "Lotus Picking Girl", it naturally becomes the most ideal symbol of beauty and freedom in the world. What's more, it is a group of playful, loving seeds and innocent lotus pickers! Lotus leaf field, slim red skirt, years full of laughter and youth, in the gap between war and suffering, youth still blooms like red lotus! This is the source of all the joy and comfort in Huang Fusong's heart. Is the girl with double bun who plays the flute on the boat with him and whispers in the post bridge in Looking at the South of the Yangtze River one of these lotus picking girls? After the peach blossoms and catkins, there are red lilies like fire. It is the joy of picking lotus seeds to throw away the melancholy of looking south of the Yangtze River.
Therefore, Huangfusong is undoubtedly the most sincere and experienced Zhejiang poet in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. In his poems, Jiangnan and Jiangnan women are actually inseparable, but a combination of homesickness and love. As long as you tap on the knocker in his heart, homesickness will rise like a wisp, melodious with the wind. Cen Can's poem "Spring Dream" said: "On the pillow, in the spring dream, it is feasible to travel thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River." Good is good.
It is the deep space-time emotion in Huangfusong's poems that is related to the deep and melancholy emotional experience, and sometimes even linked. I have already talked about it above, so I will briefly talk about it here. And take the first song of his "Langtaosha" as an example:
The fine grass on the beach meets the sparse forest, and the waves are half heavy. Loving herons and sleeping seagulls fly to the old nursery. Last year, the sand ditch was the center of the river.
The first three sentences seem to be pure scenery writing, but from the perspective of the sentences, we know that they are not beyond the meaning of scenery writing. The conclusion is that the current sand mouth was still in the middle of the river last year, so the "beach head" in the first sentence should be a new beach. The reason for the formation of the new beach is "wave evil", which is caused by sediment deposition brought by the upstream. A year has passed, and the beach has been covered with fine grass, which is connected with the sparse forest on the shore. Egrets and seagulls have long regarded this place as an ideal habitat and regarded it as "Laopu". It shows that the wind and waves are urgent and the sand sinks quickly. There is a sense of vicissitudes, but the expression is ingenious. And the phrase "the waves are bad, the ship is half heavy" cannot be easily let go. Writing about the hardships and fragility of life in a dangerous environment is also a reflection and comparison of social reality. However, from another angle, the ship is sinking but not sinking, which highlights the struggle and tenacity of life. There are four sentences in the whole article, three open and one close, and each sentence is unexpected, but it is powerful and powerful without losing momentum. Reading really makes people feel the fragility and vicissitudes of life, such as the shallow water in Penglai and the dust in the East China Sea. No wonder Tang Xianzu lamented beauty and white hair.
The sense of time and space in the second song is more secret and innovative in expression. Word cloud:
War hero song cardamom northerners worry, Park Yu-shan wind wild boat autumn. Wave up? If you can't sing, cold sand flows into the river.
Huangfusong, a native of Jiangnan, is trapped in the north, and must be often triggered by the scenery in the north. However, this word only talks about the difficult situation of northerners in the south of the Yangtze River and the strong sadness caused by it, which highlights that northerners huddle in wild boats and stay up all night in the storm, cold autumn and river waves in the south of the Yangtze River, imagining that they are wrapped in fine sand in the mighty river. It's so hard for northerners in the south of the Yangtze River, but it's not like this in the north! Therefore, on the surface, writing about northerners in the south is actually writing about themselves in the north. This extrapolation method is an artistic means that Huang Fusong often uses.
For example, in the first song of "Resentment in Uighur", it is said that the woman he misses should be getting old because he has been away from home for a long time, and he is afraid of causing resentment and even listening to foreign songs. This is a distant guess; Through distant speculation, Jiangnan and Saibei were opened up, which made the time and space imagined by the poets in the recruits and boudoir, and achieved the purpose of expressing the lovesickness of the recruits and boudoir at the same time. The time and space span is deep and appropriate, which embodies a high artistic skill.
Another example is "Fairy". The first two sentences describe Liu Lang's scene on his way home, but the meaning is pun intended, which is not only a common scene in Jiangnan water town, but also a metaphor for Liu Lang's lingering attachment to the fairy, so that he is used to singing with each other. Three or four sentences write that he trudged to Wan Li, and after years of return, he only traveled all over the world, and the characters were absent. Naturally, he was very upset and would miss Wonderland more. But in the last two sentences, it is a pity that the fairy in the mountain must regret entrusting the wrong person. In fact, this is Liu Lang's remorse and guilt, which seems subtle and euphemistic. Visible, using yao si's method, often can make the emotional meaning of works infinite, intriguing. As A Qing poet Wu Zhantai said when analyzing Du Fu's poem Moonlit Night in the eighth volume, "Huaiyuan's poem says I remember him, but it only means one thing. That is to say, he remembers me, and his meaning is only two layers. Saying that I remember me in the distance means three things. If you don't know how to remember me, you will be infinitely folded. " The word Huangfusong obviously has the same effect. Through long-distance speculation and suspense, the author fuses different artistic time and space to form a complete artistic conception, which makes the work gain great potential and profound significance.
"Fairy" is to connect two worlds, and the second song of "Yang Liuzhi" is to connect ancient and modern, ups and downs, seclusion and north and south at the same time. According to Cao Xitong's Analysis and Training of Tang Poetry in Qing Dynasty (Volume 9), "There was a Wu Wang Mansion in Tang Dynasty, which was forbidden to the east of Chang 'an". There is a poem in Zuyong's "The Night Banquet of Wang Wuzhai" in the Tang Dynasty: "Wu Wang is a national pet, ranking first in the Forbidden City. "According to legend, Li Ke (6 19-653), the third son of Emperor Taizong, once sealed the prince of Wu. Therefore, the word Huangfusong was probably written when he was trapped in Chang 'an. From the ruins of the mansion in front of us, to the green willows beside the mansion, and then to the sound of warblers in the willows, the poet thought of the ancient kingdom of Wu in the south of the Yangtze River, and further thought of the beauty stone in the Wu Palace: when you return home in triumph, your ambition is full, and the beauty stone is the icing on the cake, what a wonderful happiness. At that time, the Wu Palace must be full of spring, full of joy and joy. But then what? What about now? It's spring now. If you think of the former site of the Wu Palace in the south of the Yangtze River, it must be willow branches fluttering and warblers singing tactfully, and the dense willow green and warblers singing tactfully just set off the desolation of the hall and boudoir. Unless there are gods in heaven, Xizi may never see this wonderful spring and hear this sweet warbler again. Integrity can be described as a layer of folding. Whether the author has the secret of the untimely death of Wu Wang Li Ke is unknown, which may make the Tang Dynasty lose a saint. If there is, it means a lot. The author thinks that it is reasonable for the first person to praise Xuanzong for his mistake in the country, and the second person to praise the death of Meilike and the Spring and Autumn Period of Pili. Let's talk about it
Another example is "Dreaming of Jiangnan", which dreams of Jiangnan from the indoor furnishings in front of us, then to Meiyu, river city, night boat, postal bridge, peach blossom and catkin, and finally ends with lovers' snuggling, and the sense of time and space is not deep.
Finally, by the way, the regional characteristics of Jiangnan embodied in Huangfusong's ci. First of all, the Jiangnan cultural color of Ci tune itself, such as Jiangnan Dream, Yang Liuzhi, Lotus Picking, Zhuzhi Ci, etc., can be seen at a glance that the content is related to Jiangnan, and the last three tones are directly derived from Jiangnan folk songs; Second, the Jiangnan color in the theme content, such as the story of Liu and Ruan in Tiantai Mountain, a single county in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which reflects the emotional world of Jiangnan women in picking lotus and bamboo; Thirdly, there are dense images of water towns in the ci, such as "Egret", "Water hyacinth blooms in autumn", "Hundred Flowers Red", "Partridges flying around the green hills" and "Langtaosha". There are many images, such as Yang Liuzhi's spring return to the water town, weeping willows and orioles singing, the red night in Picking New Flowers is full of wind and rain, the red bananas and plum blossoms in the south of the Yangtze River, the peach blossoms and catkins in Jiangnan Dream are all over the river, and the lotus seeds are picked. Fourthly, the images of Jiangnan women in ci, such as the fairy in Fairy, the woman sitting on a sheng and blowing a bun in Jiangnan Dream, the eldest sister-in-law in Lotus Picking, the woman who threw lotus seeds into the water for no reason, and the woman who wore eyes when waiting for Lang to return from the middle school. Finally, it is the gentle and sentimental temperament of Jiangnan culture in Huangfusong's ci. Influenced by his father, although there are many factors in Huang Fusong's character, his poems are still permeated with the sadness of the times and fate and the indecision of southerners.
Generally speaking, as summarized at the beginning of this section, Huang Fusong's ci still belongs to the poet's ci, and he is still used to or unconsciously looking at the style of ci with poetic eyes and filling in ci with poetic attitudes and techniques. More accurately, it added the color and factors of words on the basis of late Tang poetry. This kind of "taking poetry as the word" is essentially different from the later "taking poetry as the word" that Su, Xin and others consciously innovated the word style with clear theoretical propositions and practical actions. The former is an attempt at poetic style, while the latter is a reform of poetic style. It is precisely because Huangfusong's ci creation still retains heavy poetic elements, so in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, his ci was gorgeous and lazy, and became one of the few five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty that can be compared with Wei Zhuang, Sun Guangxian, Li Xun, Lu and Li Yu. A Qing Chen Tingzhuo spoke highly of Huang Fusong in Volume 7 of Baiyuzhai Ci Hua. He said: "Although Huangfuzi's poems in the Tang Dynasty are not as magnificent as Fei Qing's, they are elegant in dictionary and still have the meaning of ancient poetry. Tang ci surpassed Fei Qing, but its right is rare. After five generations, I have never seen this kind of pen and ink. " Li Bingruo's Notes on Flowers and Notes on Xuzhuang Manji also said: "Although there are few words, beauty and elegance are in the bones. On the first day, the lotus bloomed and the willows bloomed, working with Wei. As far as the shallow meaning of his words is concerned, it is beyond Wen Wei's reach, and Lu Taibao's ear is close. " Even Mr. Zheng Zhenduo, who has a special liking for "Muslim Ci", thinks that Huangfusong's Ci is "unique, elegant and first-class".
Fortunately, Huangfusong's ci also had a good influence on later Zhejiang ci, which is not like what Chen Tingzhuo said, "After the Five Dynasties, this kind of pen and ink disappeared again." For example, Zhang Xian, a famous poet in Zhejiang in the early Song Dynasty, was influenced by Huang Fusong because of his beautiful and elegant words. Xia Jingguan, a close friend, criticized Zhang Ziye's ci, and once pointed out: "Ye Zi's ci is dignified and Gu Zhuo, with a legacy of the Tang and Five Dynasties." Of course, this is the topic of the next chapter.
(1) (Song Dynasty) Chen's "Zhi Zhai Jie" volume 11 said: "The order of drinking in the Tang Dynasty is detailed in this book, which is unknown to today."
(1) Gao Yanxiu's History of Tang Que (Tang Dynasty) has the saying of "Pei Haoshuang" (attached with "Huangfu Langzhong is arrogant"): "Huangfu Langzhong is rigid in appearance, gentle in style, arrogant in talent and straightforward in temperament. ..... and ordered his son to record a few poems in Song, and made a little mistake, so he praised and shouted at the staff. If it fails, it will grab its arm and blood will flow to the elbow. The same is true of its urgency. "
(2) (Qing) Zhang Xuecheng's "Literature and History" volume 2 "Huangfu holds a collection of books". The Concise Catalogue of Siku Encyclopedia (Volume XV) and the Collection of Huangfu Zhengzhi (Volume VI) also say: "His articles are published with Li Ao in Han Yu. The more rigorous the text, the more surprising it is. "
(3) "HuangFuZhiJi" volume four "answer a book", and the "sikuquanshu".
(1) The Collection of Ouyang Wenzhong (volume 87) Six Poems posted by the Emperor on the Dragon Boat Festival, and the second is the cloud: "Colored ropes are knotted, bayberry dumplings are red. Gong Wei's nine songs are the same as customs. "The Complete Works of Dongpo (Volume 115) and Six Empress Dowager Cixi (the fifth one) also said:" Go to the dark pool platform with precious wood in the forest, and Shu Wu Bao will come to Wan Li. You can not only see oranges on the plate, but also get bayberry in your palm. Shi Zuke's poem "Yangmei" said: "Yangmei is full of forests in May, and it is suspected to be worth a thousand dollars at first. He Weifang said that Pu Tao is heavier and blacker than Li Lunan. The airship seems to smell the new tribute, but it can't see the old one on board. Poetry becomes a desire to send it to the elderly in the mountains, fearing that monks love thirst. "Lu You's poem" Looking at Yangmei in Li Xiang "says:" Yangmei City is in front of May Mountain, and Xiang Yu Temple is in the Millennium Stream. The umbrella is light, and I will not hesitate to travel far, and I will come to work every year. " At the end of the poem, Lu You specially noted: "The local custom says that Yangmei is only called Mei." It can be seen that in northern Zhejiang, the so-called plum is Myrica rubra. British and American homesickness and homesickness must have become tributes before them. Li Bai's poem "Remembering the Past and Giving to Jiang Yang Slaughterhouse" says: "The lotus flowers in the north of the Yangtze River bloom and the bayberry in the south of the Yangtze River ripens. While drinking, Huai Xian was in my mind. "Tian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, seems to particularly like Yangmei. His poem "The Book of March 28th" said: "Xi Chun lingers all day, and the alley is half open. A fragrant tree has no warbler's tongue, and an empty nest has a swallow. Le Shu put an end to thousands of miles away from home and killed a glass of wine in sorrow and anger. Changsha is narrow, remember to pick bayberry. "Volume 16" Feeling as a Book in the Text "says:" In the county, the pine is full of green flowers and the guests are full of wine. Just as the river rolled down, the horizon was empty and too quiet. In spring, I finally arrived at the Snow Mountain Canyon, and I didn't know the foresters in Lanmaoshen. Go to the countryside for 3.5 thousand miles, and the day when Yangmei matures will be the return date. "
(2) The song Today is a Good Day was written by Li Haiying and written by Chen Xiaoqi.
(1) Sister Liu's History of China Literature (middle), Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House (1984), p. 542.
(1) Volume 41 of Taiping Yulan quotes Liu Yiqing's "You" as saying: "During the Yongping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao * * * from Shan County, Zhejiang Province went to Tiantai Mountain to collect herbs and failed to return. Suddenly I met two women by the stream, and the conditions were very good. I invited them to get married at home and live for half a year. The latter two were homesick and instructed the second woman to return to China to send them home. Since I came back, my old love has fallen apart, and my house has changed, and there has been no intersection since then. When I asked my seventh grandson, it was rumored that I had entered the mountain and I was lost. "
(2) (Ming) Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica Poultry Partridges" says: "Partridges are afraid of frost and dew, and it will be rare in the morning and evening. They live at night, cover themselves with leaves and crow many times. Nowadays, it is said that they are singing:' You can't live without your brother.' "
(3) (Later Jin Dynasty) Liu Shao's Book of the Old Tang Dynasty (Volume 76): "However, there are talents in civil and military affairs, and Taizong often calls them self-class. Since it is famous, it is very desirable. Sun Chang Wuji, who supported the emperor, was deeply jealous. In Yonghui, the love in the conference room is rebellious, so it is because of something, and in order to disappoint the public, I have been wronged at home. "
(1) Zheng Zhenduo's "Illustrated History of China Literature" Chapter 31, Beijing Publishing House, 200 1 edition, p. 427.