Zhan Tianyou is a patriotic engineer known to everyone.
In the Chinese language book, we learned that Zhan Tianyou went through various difficulties to repair the deep cliffs in the section from Zhangjiakou to Beijing.
But Zhan Tianyou was not afraid of difficulties. In order for the Chinese people not to be bullied by those imperialists, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China ourselves. I must repair it and restore it. I can't let other Chinese engineers lose confidence, so I must fix it. "
In my imagination, Zhan Tianyou should be as majestic as a general. After looking at Zhan Tianyou's picture, it turns out that he is not bad.
According to my understanding , Zhan Tianyou was born in an ordinary tea merchant family in 1861. He was very fond of machines when he was a child. He often used clay to imitate machines. He also often secretly took apart small electrical appliances at home. I think he must not have been scolded by his parents, but his parents He also encouraged him to install small electrical appliances. Otherwise, how could Zhan Tianyou have achieved his current achievements?
In 1988, Zhan Tianyou worked as an engineer at China Railway Company before building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. , Zhan Tianyou also built a railway from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan and a railway to Luanhe, completing a task that three foreign engineers had not completed. I think his first time (building a railway from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan) Luanhe Railway) summed up experience for him, the basis of successful things is-seriousness, I think so.
The image of Zhan Tianyou in my heart is always serious and serious (although I have never met him. ), I think he is very careful, which I admire very much.
However, unexpected events happened, and Zhan Tianyou was appointed as the Prime Minister of the company in 1910, and in May 1912, he also served as the Han-Guangdong-Sichuan Railway Committee Office. . Due to the corruption and incompetence of the Chinese government and the imperialist competition in China, this patriotic, talented and outstanding engineer was unable to display his talents and became extremely anxious due to overwork. He died at 3:00 pm on April 24, 1919. He died in Hankou at the age of fifty-nine.
He is my role model, and his patriotic spirit is worth learning from.
Zhan Tianyou, born on April 26, 1861. He died on April 24, 1919. His nickname was Juancheng and his courtesy name was Dachao. He was a native of Nanhai, Guangdong and originally from Wuyuan, Anhui Province. He was China's first railway engineer and was responsible for the construction of the "Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway" and other projects. He was known as the "Father of Chinese Railways". "". Zhan Tianyou was born in an ordinary tea merchant family in 1861 (the eleventh year of Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty). When he was a boy, Zhan Tianyou was very interested in machines. He often used clay to imitate various machine models with neighborhood children. Sometimes, he secretly took apart the chiming clock at home, played with and figured out the components inside, and asked some questions that even adults could not answer. In 1872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only twelve years old, arrived. Hong Kong applied for the "Preparatory Course for Young Children to Go Abroad" organized by the Qing government. After passing the exam, his father signed a certificate for going abroad that stated "If you suffer from illness, life or death, you will have your destiny." From then on, he bid farewell to his parents and cherished the dream. Studying in the United States came to the United States with the ideal of "skills and skills". In the United States, students in the overseas preparatory class witnessed with their own eyes the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe, and were amazed by the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. This made some of his classmates pessimistic about China's future, but Zhan Tianyou said with firm belief: "In the future, China will also have trains and ships. With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated with honors from New Haven High School in 1877. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, specializing in railway engineering. During his four years at the university Zhan Tianyou studied hard and ranked first in the graduation examination with outstanding results. In 1881, among the 120 Chinese students who returned to China, only two received a degree, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them. However, the Westernization officials of the Qing government were superstitious about foreign countries and blindly relied on foreigners when building railways. They ignored Zhan Tianyou's professional expertise and sent him to the Fujian Water Railway. In November 1882, he was sent to the flagship "Yangwu" as a pilot to command the drill. In 1883, the Sino-French war broke out. The following year, the long-planned French fleet entered the Minjiang River one after another. , ready to make a move, but He Ruzhang, the surrendering shipping minister in charge of the Fujian Navy, ignored him and even ordered: "You are not allowed to fire first, and those who violate it will be killed even if they win!" "At this time, Zhan Tianyou privately said to Zhang Cheng, the commander (captain) of the "Yangwu": "There are many French warships coming, with ulterior motives. Although we received orders not to fire first, we must not fail to take precautions. "Due to Zhan Tianyou's warning, the "Yangwu" was very vigilant and prepared for battle. When the French fleet launched a sudden attack, Zhan Tianyou braved the fierce fire and commanded the "Yangwu" calmly and tactfully to move left and right. ; Avoided enemy artillery fire, seized the fighter plane and hit the French command ship "Volta" with its tail gun, causing the French naval expedition commander Guba to almost die. Regarding this naval battle, the "Zi Lin Xi Bao" founded by a British businessman in Shanghai. In the report, they had to marvel and praise: "Westerners did not expect that the Chinese would fight so bravely. Among the five students on the "Yangwu" warship, Zhan Tianyou's performance was the bravest.
He faced the enemy without fear, and at the critical moment of life and death, he could remain calm and muster up the courage to rescue many people in the water..." From the war to 1888, after many twists and turns, he finally transferred to the China Railway Company , served as an engineer, which was the beginning of his dedication to China's railway industry. Not long after he took office, Zhan Tianyou encountered a test when the Jinyu Railway from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan was built to Luanhe River. The Luanhe River bed was very sandy, and the water was rising rapidly. The iron bridge was initially designed by a British engineer who was said to be the best in the world, but it failed. Later, Japanese engineers were asked to contract the work, but it didn't work, so it was finally built. The German engineers came forward but were soon defeated. Zhan Tianyou asked the Chinese to do it themselves. The British in charge of the project had no choice but to agree to Zhan Tianyou. He was a serious and down-to-earth person. After analyzing and summarizing the reasons for the failure of the three foreign engineers, they put on work clothes and conducted on-the-spot investigations with the workers, making close measurements. At night, by the dim light of an oil lamp, they carefully studied the geological structure of the Luanhe River bed, analyzed and compared repeatedly, and finally determined. The location of the bridge piers and the bold decision to use a new method - the "pressure caisson method" to construct the bridge piers. Zhan Tianyou succeeded in building the Luanhe River Bridge. This incident shocked the world: a Chinese engineer actually solved three problems. It was a big problem that foreign engineers could not solve. After Zhan Tianyou won the first battle, he immediately encountered a more severe test. In 1905, the Qing government decided to build my country's first railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Both China and Russia wanted to intervene, but due to the strong opposition of the Chinese people, their attempts failed. The British and Russian envoys said in a threatening tone: "If the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is built by Chinese engineers themselves, then it will not work with the British and Russians. Nothing to do. "They thought that this way, China would not be able to build this railway. At this critical moment, Zhan Tianyou took over this arduous task without hesitation and took full responsibility for Jingzhang ("Jing" refers to Beijing, "Zhang" Refers to the construction of the Zhangjia Road Railway. When the news came, some imperialists and British newspapers said sarcastically: "The engineers in China who can build this railway are not yet born! If the Chinese want to build their own railways without relying on foreigners, it will take at least fifty years, if not a dream. "They even attacked Zhan Tianyou as "arrogant" and "overestimating his own capabilities" when he served as the general office and chief engineer. Zhan Tianyou resisted the pressure and insisted not to appoint a foreign engineer, and said: "China has a vast land and rich resources, and it is difficult to work all the way." I feel ashamed that I have to rely on outsiders! "China has woken up. The Chinese want to use their own engineers and their own money to build railways." "In August 1905, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway officially started construction, and the intense exploration and line selection work began. Zhan Tianyou personally led students and workers, carrying benchmarks and theodolite on his back, running around the rugged mountains day and night. One evening, a violent The northwest wind blew sand and rocks roaring in the Badaling area, making it difficult to open one's eyes. The survey team was anxious to finish their work, fill in the measured numbers, and then climbed down from the rock wall. Zhan Tianyou took the notebook and turned it over. Looking at the filled-in numbers, he asked doubtfully: "Is the data accurate?" "Absolutely," the survey team member replied seriously: "The first requirement of technology is precision, and there should be no vagueness or rashness." ', 'Almost' are not allowed to be spoken by engineering personnel. "Then, he carried the instrument on his back, braved the wind and sand, and climbed up the rock wall with great difficulty. He surveyed again carefully and corrected an error. When he came down, his lips were also frozen and blue. Soon, exploration and construction Entering the most difficult stage. In the Badaling and Qinglongqiao areas, there are overlapping mountains and steep cliffs. Four tunnels need to be opened, the longest of which is more than a thousand meters long. After precise measurements and calculations, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt a segmented construction method: from The north and south ends of the mountain were dug at the same time, and a large well was opened in the middle of the mountain, and the north and south ends were dug in the well. This not only ensured the construction quality, but also accelerated the progress of the project. The ground was dug manually with spades, and the gushing spring water had to be picked out one by one. As the chief engineer, Zhan Tianyou had no pretensions. He dug rocks and carried water with the workers, covered in mud and sweat. Everyone said: "The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first railway we built with our own people and our own money. The eyes of the world are looking at us. It must succeed!" "Regardless of success or failure, it is by no means our own success and failure, but the success and failure of our country!" ” In order to overcome the difficulty of driving on steep slopes and ensure that the train climbs up Badaling safely, Zhan Tianyou was ingenious and creatively used the principle of “return line” to design a herringbone line in the Qinglong Bridge section of the steep mountainous area, thereby reducing the number of tunnel openings. Digging, lowering the slope. When the train arrives here, it works with two high-power locomotives to push and pull to ensure that the train goes up the slope safely. Zhan Tianyou once put forward three requirements for the entire line project: "low cost, good quality, and quick completion." After several struggles by the workers, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was finally opened to traffic in September 1909. It was originally planned to be completed in six years, but it was completed in just four years, and the project cost was only one-fifth of the estimate by foreigners. After the engineer took the bus to visit, he praised Zhan Tianyou for being great. But Zhan Tianyou said modestly: "This is the strength of more than 10,000 employees of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. It is not my personal credit. The glory should belong to everyone." "After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, Zhan Tianyou succeeded as the supervisor and chief engineer of the Guangdong-Hankong Railway. At this time, the United States decided to award him a doctorate in engineering and asked him to go to the United States in person to attend the awarding ceremony.
In order to fully participate in the construction of the motherland's railway, he gave up this honor. After the Revolution of 1911, in order to revitalize the railway industry, Zhan Tianyou and his colleagues established the Chinese Engineering Society and was elected as the president. During this period, he devoted a lot of effort to the training of young engineering and technical personnel. In addition to setting an example with his own behavior, he also encouraged young people to "research academically intensively to invent" and asked them to "do not bend oneself to favor others, and do not seek fame." And fishing for reputation. Dealing with things with sincerity, without asking for personal gain, and setting oneself up with treasures as an example." Zhan Tianyou has been engaged in the railway industry for more than 30 years, and has been involved to varying degrees with almost every railway in my country at that time. In his later years, he became ill due to overwork and unfortunately died of illness in 1919. Comrade Zhou Enlai once spoke highly of Zhan Tianyou's achievements and said that he is "the glory of the Chinese people". During the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhan Tianyou formulated various railway engineering standards and submitted a letter to the government requesting them to be adopted nationwide. The 4-foot-8-inch semi-standard rail still used in China, the Janney Coupler (also known as Jiangni Coupler, Zheng's Coupler, created by American Eli Janney), etc. were all proposed by Zhan Tianyou. In addition, Zhan Tianyou also focused on the training of railway talents, formulated a regulation for the promotion of engineers, made clear provisions on the assessment and requirements of engineering personnel, and stipulated that engineers' salaries should be linked to assessment results. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has trained many Chinese engineering personnel, and the assessment regulations formulated by Zhan Tianyou have also become imitations for other Chinese railways. After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, Zhan Tianyou was awarded a Jinshi in Engineering by Xuantong and served as the chief examiner of international students. In 1910, he served as the Prime Minister and Engineer of the Guangdong Commercial Office of the Guangdong-Hankong Railway Corporation. In 1912, he concurrently served as the Han-Guangdong-Sichuan Railway Committee Office and was responsible for the construction of the Guangdong-Han and Sichuan-Han Railways. Since then, he has settled at No. 9 Eha Street (now No. 51 Dongting Street) in the Russian Concession in Hankou. In the same year, the "Chinese Society of Engineers" was established and was elected as its first president. After the founding of the Republic of China, he was appointed by the government as the technical supervisor of the Ministry of Communications in 1913. In 1914, he was awarded the second-class Baoguang Jiahe Medal. In 1916, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by the University of Hong Kong. In early 1919, he was ordered to Vladivostok and Harbin to serve as the Chinese representative at the Allied Powers Supervisory Far Eastern Railway Conference. He returned to Hankou due to illness in April and died of illness on April 24 at the age of fifty-nine. Zhan Tianyou and his wife Tan Juzhen are buried near Qinglongqiao Railway Station on Jingzhang Road. In 1922, a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou was erected at Qinglongqiao Railway Station. In 1987, the Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall was built nearby. On the occasion of commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, the people of Zhangjiakou will always remember Zhan Tianyou, the chief architect of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. In 2005, a statue of Zhan Tianyou was built in the square of Zhangjiakou South Station. Zhan Tianyou is a pioneer in the history of modern science and engineering technology in our country and an outstanding patriotic intellectual in our modern history. He was born in Nanhai County, Guangdong Province on April 26, the 11th year of Xianfeng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1861). In the 11th year of Tongzhi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1872), he was admitted to study in the United States at public expense. In June of the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1881), he graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering at the Sheffield Institute of Technology, Yale University, and returned to China in August of the same year. He once served as a teacher at Fuzhou Shipping School and Guangzhou Marine Division School. In the 14th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1888), he served as engineer of Tianjin Railway Company. In the 1880s, he devoted himself to China's railway construction. He once presided over the construction of my country's Beijing-Zhangjiakou, Sichuan-Han, Guangdong-Han and other early railways. He worked hard and worked hard for the development of my country's early railway construction throughout his life. In particular, the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (1905-1909), which he presided over, shocked China and foreign countries. It showed the diligence and wisdom of our country's working people, inspired the national spirit, and promoted the development of the railway industry. He was not afraid of violence and was unyielding in front of the imperialist powers. He put forward the slogan "Everyone learns and uses his knowledge to protect the country from foreign aggression and stand on its own on the earth." This represents the indomitable and unyielding descendants of the Yan and Huang descendants. His noble national integrity will always be a model for future generations. He died of illness in Hankou Renji Hospital on April 24, 1919, at the age of 59. In the same year, a standing bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou was erected at Qinglongqiao Station.