Formalism refers to a way of thinking and work style that only looks at the phenomenon of things without analyzing their essence. It violates the scientific principle that content determines form, form serves content, and content and form are unified. Its essence is subjectivism and utilitarianism; the root cause is a misplaced view of political performance and a lack of sense of responsibility. Vigorous forms are used instead of solid implementation, and contradictions and problems are covered up with a glamorous appearance. The specific manifestations are deceiving superiors and concealing subordinates, and making appearances. The articles are more fictitious and less real, with more slogans and slogans, but less implementation.
Religion
Formalism in religion represents a greater emphasis on ritual, ceremony, and observance of rules than on their meaning.
Law
Formalism is a school of law that emphasizes fairness in the trial process rather than the final substantive result. The efficiency of the process determines the quality of a form.
Anthropology
In economic anthropology, "formalism" refers to the theoretical application of neoclassical economic theory to human society.
Criticism
Formalism
Formalism
Roughly speaking, "formalism" represents an important part of literature and art. It focuses on the artistic skills, aesthetics, and word choice of the work; but does not focus on the social and historical background of the work.
Literary Criticism
In contemporary discussions of literary theory, the critical school of I.A. Richards and his followers - traditionally known as New Criticism, are sometimes labeled As a "formalist". Formalism in this context means a continuation of classical rhetoric. Russian Formalism was a twentieth-century school based in Eastern Europe, also rooted in linguistics and fairy tale theorizing (the content is considered second-hand, since the "story" is the form, and the "princess" is the fairy tale princess) .
Poetry
In modern poetry, "formalist poets" can be said to be the opposite of "free poets". These are just labels and do not fully summarize the differences between them. Representatives of formalism in poetry focus on the rhyme, tone, number of words and sentences in the poem, rather than the theme, content or meaning of the poem itself. In order to clearly distinguish this kind of poetry from the so-called "archaic poetry", the term "new formalism" is sometimes used.
Film
In film studies, formalism is a habit of filmmaking. Usually, a lot of obvious film language is used in the film, such as editing and shooting. , camera movement, props and scene design, etc., add a lot of artificial elements to the film, focusing on the artificial movie experience.
Formalist films include: Eisenstein's "Battleship Potemkin", Resnais's "Last Year at Marumba", Hitchcock's "Blackmail", etc.
The emergence of formalism has its ideological and theoretical foundation and social and historical roots. The ideological and theoretical foundation is idealist metaphysics, and its social and historical roots are the force of habit and the negative influence of traditional culture. There are two sources for the emergence of formalism specific to a unit.
The first is the idea of ??fame and fortune. Utilitarian selfishness is a breeding ground for formalism. In order to become famous for themselves and their units, individual leaders are keen to carry out some "star projects" that are loud, large-scale and influential in order to become famous for themselves and their units; they go abroad for inspections everywhere, eat and drink every day, and waste money. The country has a large amount of financial and material resources; some have eyes that reach to the top of their heads and "as long as the leaders are satisfied, they are not afraid of being scolded by the masses"; some only focus on the immediate work and ignore the long-term, and gain personal fame and fortune at the expense of the long-term interests of the unit.
The second is lazy style. Inertia leads to floating thoughts, focusing on form and success, and likes to focus on form, focusing on speed, regardless of the effect. Some are content to use documents to implement documents and meetings to implement meetings. They only satisfy the original communication of superiors' instructions. Problems that should be addressed are not addressed in time, and problems that should be solved are not solved well.