Mei, a representative figure in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Plain and unique" (Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing and Hiding from Conghua"). With his simple poetic style, he truly reproduced the hardships brought by heavy taxes and battles at that time, and wrote such famous works as Pottery and Four Seasons of Home. As a realistic poet, he used the poems of Jia Dao, Yao He, Wen and others as examples to illustrate what is the artistic conception of realism and its significance and function: "It is bound to be a scene that is difficult to write, such as in front of us; Endless meaning, see it in words, and then arrive. Jia Daoyun's "Bamboo Cage Picks Mountain Fruit, Tile Bottle Stones Spring"; Yao's "Horse follows the deer in the mountains, and people chase wild birds to live" is a lonely mountain city with a depressed official position. It is better to be "the ancient locust tree in the county is uprooted, and the official is clear and the horse is tall." The poet also quoted Wei Yan's poem to explain the meaning of "the scenery that is difficult to write is like now": "The author gets his heart, and the viewer will take his mind. If Wei Yan's "Liutang spring water is full, Huawu sunset is late", then the sky is tense, so why not in the present? (Quoted from Wei Qingzhi's Poet Jade Chip)
The "county antiquity" in Mei's "Ancient Sophora Roots" is the author's feeling, but the detailed description of "Sophora Roots" makes "county antiquity" concrete. Similarly, "official honesty" is a confession, supplemented by "horse bone is high" (horse is tall and thin because there is no good forage), so the owner's incorruptibility is obvious. Of course, horses are tall and thin, and they also have the connotation of being superior. This vividly reproduces the seclusion of the mountain city and the depression of the official position, which is indeed better than Jia Daoyun's "bamboo cage to pick up mountain fruit, tile bottle to bear stone spring"; Yao's "Horse follows the mountain and deer, and people chase wild birds" is vivid and has deeper connotation. Mei also quoted "the six ponds are full of spring water and the flowers are dancing in the sunset" as a difficult scene to write, such as in the current poem. The weather in spring is mixed, and the days in spring are longer. This typical feature of spring is keenly grasped by the poet and delicately reproduced, that is, "Spring is full of water" and "Sunset". The former means that the weather is getting warmer, the ice and snow are melting, and "it rains in succession during the Qingming period", resulting in "spring water overflowing"; From winter to spring, the sunshine time is prolonged, which gives people a sense of delay, so it will be "sunset glow". It is precisely because of the accurate use of the words "diffuse" and "late" that the situation that is difficult to convey is revealed. Wang Fuzhi once said: "If you get the spirit from tangible things, you must have your own well-informed sentences and wonderful contributions" (Preface to the Evening Hall and Eternal Sun). These two poems are "well-informed sentences" produced by "getting God from things". Liu Zongyuan's "South Zhong Jian Article" is also a typical poem example of "Love between body and things";
The cold of late autumn gathered in Nanjian, and I went alone at noon.
The autumn wind hovers in the stream, and the shadow of braintree is like a horn blowing.
When I first arrived here, I didn't feel it. Walking into the deep gorge a little bit seemed to forget to dissipate.
In the deep valley, it sounds like a low bird song, and the cold stream echoes in the ripples.
I have been to the soul of China, and my tears are empty.
It is easy to feel lonely, but it is better to get lost.
What happened to Moso? Wandering is only known to oneself.
Who is the latecomer, take this as a heart!
In the autumn of the seventh year of Yuanhe (8 12), Liu Zongyuan, who was demoted as a Sima in Yongzhou, traveled to Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian in the southern suburbs of Yongzhou and Xiaoshicheng Mountain in the northwestern suburbs, and wrote the last four notes of eight chapters of Yongzhou's famous works-Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Xiaoshicheng Mountain. This five-character ancient poem "Nanxi Topic" was also written after he visited Shi Jian in the autumn of the same year. Nanjian is the "Shixi" referred to in The Story of Shixi. Shi Jian is located in the south of Yongzhou, also known as Nanjian. The poet wrote the sadness, loneliness, loneliness and depression in exile with the style of recalling the journey.
The whole poem is roughly divided into two layers. The first eight sentences focus on the scenery you saw when you were in Nanjian; The last eight sentences focus on the poet's feelings arising from association. Among them, the wording of things can really "bring things into love". For example, the first sentence of the poem "Autumn breath gathers in Nanjian" depicts the scenery and points out the seasons, but the word "gather" is quite meaningful: how can the sad "autumn breath" gather alone in Nanjian? This is naturally the poet's subjective feeling. In such a season and atmosphere, the poet's "solo tour" here will naturally "gather all the feelings" and cannot be suppressed. He was full of melancholy feelings and began to pour out from here. From the autumn wind to the bleak autumn wind, the poet has uneven forest shadows, which leads to the connection of "keeping birds singing in the valley". The poet's description of birds flying alone and Qiu Ping floating around makes people feel sad and sad as if he were wandering in the depths of the stream. Although this sentence is literally a book, it is actually the ratio of rejuvenating the country, and the focus of the following chapters is to express feelings. The poet wailed as a caged bird in the "glen", but he couldn't get the voice of his friend, which implied his nostalgia for the exiled Eight Sima and made him "pregnant with tears". The greatest feature of this poem is "getting the spirit from the body". Su Shi praised this poem as "fantastic in ancient and modern times" and "familiar and curious", which is precisely from this angle. Of course, the subtlety of this kind of body and object requires careful observation of the objective scenery first. In Liu Zongyuan's two poems, Hong Zeng expressed his feelings about the exquisiteness of body and objects and the ingenious thinking of objects: "The mind of the quiet is wonderful, and the work of body and things is only the ability of the quiet." For example, Liuzhou's "Return Air" and "Forest Shadow", can reckless people understand this? " ("Poetry of Beijiang River")