Knowledge about Lin

an ancient wind instrument made of clay, round or oval, with six holes. Also known as "Tao Yu". Pottery is the most common, as well as stone and bone. Lu, Lu xūn (sound. From the soil, the sound of smoke. Original meaning: an ancient wind instrument made of clay, the size of which is like a goose egg, with six holes and a mouthpiece at the top. Also known as "Tao Xun") has the same original meaning [an egg-shaped, holedwind instrument]. There are also stone, bone, ivory, and musical instruments. Take soil for it, six holes. -"Shuo Wen". The word is also awkward. Flute pipe. -"Zhou Li Xiao Shi". Note: "As big as a goose egg." It's a good idea. -"The Book of Rites and the Moon Order" Bo Shi blows, while Zhong Shi blows. -"Poetry, Xiaoya, Who" is as good as it is. -"Poetry, Elegance and Board". Note: "Its sound is flat and in harmony with Ruo." Rites and music are also awkward. -"White Tiger Pass" has six holes, one, three and two. -"The Newly Decided Three Rites, Pot Throwing" is another example: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????????2 Later, it is used to express the harmony between brothers, and also refers to brothers) 埙埙x ū n ㄒㄩㄣˉ Zheng code: BJLO, u: 57d9, gbk: DBF 7 number of strokes: 1, radical: earth, and stroke order number: 121255. The origin of Yan is related to the labor and production activities of ancestors. At first, it may be made by ancestors to imitate the sounds of birds and animals to trap prey. Later, it evolved into a simple musical instrument with social progress, and gradually increased the sound hole, and developed into a melodic instrument that can play tunes. In primitive society, the casket has various shapes, such as the pottery casket excavated at Hemudu site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province, which is oval, with only blowing holes and no sound holes, about 7, years ago. The pottery whistle of Yangshao cultural site in banpo village, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, is slightly shaped like an olive and has only one blowhole. It is molded by fine mud, which is one of the original forms of the tomb, about 6, years ago. Compared with the primitive period and the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty's tomb developed greatly, including pottery, stone and bone, with pottery being the most common and mostly flat-bottomed oval in shape. During the Warring States period, the pottery casket was flat-bottomed and oval, but there were other shapes. After Qin and Han Dynasties, Yun was mainly used in the court music of past dynasties in the music history of China. In court music, there are two kinds of music: ode and elegance. The ode is small, like an egg, with a slightly higher sound; Ya Xuan has a large body and a deep sound, and often plays with Chi, a wind instrument made of bamboo. In China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs, there is a saying that "Bo Shi blows his whistle and Zhong Shi blows his whistle", which means that two brothers, one blows his whistle and the other blows his whistle, express the brotherhood of harmony and goodwill. In archaeological excavations and handed down from generation to generation, we occasionally see some pottery or porcelain caskets with special shapes. The Palace Museum and the Music Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Art have the red painted Yunlong casket used by the Qing court, which is 8.5 cm high and 7 cm in diameter. There are six sound holes in the body: the first four and the second, with red paint all over, depicting golden dragons and moire patterns. The nine-hole pottery casket developed by modern people is based on the ancient six-hole casket, and then its shoulder and inner tube are expanded to increase the volume, and the sound holes are increased to eight: the first six are followed by two, plus blowing holes, and * * * is nine holes. In order to facilitate finger-playing and minimize the complicated crossing fingering, the sound holes are arranged in the order similar to those of flutes. Professional players can play 26 tones, including all semitones and one overtone within two octaves. Professor Cao Zheng of China Conservatory of Music has been making antique pottery caskets since the late 193s. Later, Professor Chen Chongjiao of Tianjin Conservatory of Music designed a new type of nine-hole pottery casket based on the ancient pear-shaped six-hole casket, which was made of purple pottery from Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. This nine-hole casket not only keeps the original shape and timbre of the traditional casket, but also increases the volume, expands the range, and can play scales and semitones, making it a musical instrument that can be tuned, and the timbre is simple, mellow, deep and tragic, which is very distinctive. In addition, because the nine-hole mound has changed the original irregular arrangement of sound holes, it is more convenient to play according to the playing habits of modern people, and can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment. The appearance of the Nine-hole Taoyu indicates that Gu Xun, China has regained its vitality. Soon after, another student of Professor Chen Zhong, Zhao Liangshan of Hubei Song and Dance Troupe, developed a ten-hole cymbal with mahogany, which solved the defect that it was difficult to play high notes. [Edit this paragraph] The mother and son of Yan have also been unearthed in Shanxi, Gansu, Henan, Shandong and other places in China. From the unearthed cultural relics, it has gone through a long period. About four or five thousand years ago, it developed from one sound hole to two sound holes, and it can play three sounds. After entering the slave society, Yan has been further developed. A few years ago, Yan from the late patriarchal society to the early slave society was unearthed in Huoshaogou, Yumen, Gansu Province. It has three sound holes and can play four sounds. By the late Shang Dynasty, more than 1 BC, Yu had developed into five sound holes and could play six sounds. By the Spring and Autumn Period more than 7 years before BC, there were six sound holes, which could blow out the complete pentatonic scale and heptatonic scale. It took more than 3 years to develop from one sound hole to six sound holes. [Edit this paragraph] There are many kinds of shackles, besides the traditional oval shackles, there are also many types such as gourd shackles, grip shackles, Yuanyang shackles, and mother shackles. Traditionally, most of them are oval, but now there are many kinds of them, such as gourd, grip, mandarin duck, mother and son, with beautiful styles and fine craftsmanship. 1. Gourd bed: with throat device, it looks like a gourd, and it needs to be made twice in production, and the process is complicated. It is the thinnest near the waist, and when the airflow passes through it, it can cause the edge sound effect again, so that the range of the high-pitched area of the trap can be appropriately expanded. Because of the longer body, playing is more convenient and labor-saving, and the timbre is softer than the traditional oval-shaped one. The characteristics of the 1-hole gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd-gourd- But the downdraft part below the pitch is reduced by three degrees; B, it saves effort when playing high notes; C due to the throat device, the timbre of the bass area is affected. 2, grip: it is to hold the playing grip, it uses ten fingers and the root of the thumb to control the sound hole. 3. Yuanyang Cuo: It refers to two conjoined Cuo with different pitches, opposite directions and connected bases. There is a blowhole at both ends of this kind of casket, and the pronunciation holes in the upper and lower caskets are exactly the same as those in the general casket. When playing, you can change quickly as needed. Mandarin ducks are characterized by rich timbre and wide range. However, the shape is not beautiful (compared with the original shape), and when playing, the mandarin duck and the mandarin duck are replaced by a very square bull's head-shaped toilet. Moreover, the sound quality changes greatly, so the sound quality is not uniform. 4. Mother and son: it refers to two conjoined shackles with different sizes and the same direction, and the interval relationship between the big shackles and the small shackles is generally pure five degrees. For example, the big one is G and the small one is D. You can also combine them at will according to your needs. 5. Niutouyu: According to the improvement of the Hui musical instrument in Ningxia, it has 1 holes, with a range of bass 5 to treble 2. There is a sound insulation board inside, and the tone is round and rich, and the treble is easy to blow. The disadvantage is that the hole is slightly larger and the range is not easy to expand. 6. Bullet pad: the latest patented product of Feng's Tao pad, which is made of a double-cavity structure by imitating a gourd pad inside, is easy for beginners to master at will, and the high notes are easy to blow; The disadvantage is that it is not easy to blow down. 7. Ladies' casket: The casket designed by Hollow Musical Instrument with the theme of ancient ladies' image is mostly made by nixing pottery, one of the four famous pottery in China, and the unglazed kiln has become a must, showing its elegance and generosity. When the leaves fall, with the sad and sorrowful Gu Xun music, the lead is washed away, and you recall the distant dream, turning back to the beautiful and melancholy historical picture of the Millennium. During the booze, the beautiful ladies and girls dance gracefully and sing ... Most of the common ladies and girls in the market now are gourds, bull's heads and bullets. Others are rare. The difference between the so-called craft and the performance is originally musical instruments, but most of the craft sold in the tourism market can't play musical instruments. The craft is generally pear-shaped, 8 holes, nonstandard, cheap and uneven in carving level. Musical instruments are generally well-made, with the name of the producer or the sound calibrator and the mode marked on them. [Edit this paragraph] There are many historical materials in ancient times, such as pear-shaped, fish-shaped, spherical, pen-shaped, etc. The materials used to make it are pottery, stone, jade, wood, ivory, etc. Later, it was mostly made of pottery. The shape, size, name, etc. of Yan are recorded in detail in ancient books in China. "Shiben" said: "Violent new public works", and another statement was written by Di Ku's people (Pangjiatui). "Du's General Principles" said: "Is there a violent country in Zhou Ji?" These statements are not credible. Er Ya's note: "Burn the earth for it, the big one is like a goose, sharp and flat, shaped like a weight, with six holes, and the small one is like a chicken." Nie's three-body diagram says: "Where there are six holes, the first one, the first three and the last two". "The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty * Musical Records" also said: "It's the voice of beginning of autumn, everything is yellow, and it's the soil that makes it ...". "Xiao Ya Shi" He Rensi said: "Bo's blows, while Zhong's blows Chi". This is a musical instrument combination form explored by the ancients for a long time. Later generations often call it brotherhood and harmony. "Ancient Poems" said: "Heaven's attraction to the people is as deep as Chi". That is to say, heaven induces the people, just like Yu Chi. Spring and Autumn Period In the Spring and Autumn Period, harmony was once an important aesthetic view of music, and "singing and chi harmony" was a concentrated reflection of the Confucian philosophy of "harmony is precious" in music. Harmony means that the content is soothing and peaceful, which is helpful to enlightenment, embodies the aesthetic view of music at that time, and is sound harmony. The musical function of Yan in this respect is remarkable. The ancients said: "If you have the virtue of governance, the sage will be drowned; Therefore, it is wrong to borrow silver and borrow Fubo. " Yun is a alto playing instrument, because its timbre is simple and mellow, which is particularly soft compared with the high-frequency tones commonly used by the ancients when speaking. Therefore, Yan was especially admired by the ancients. The ancient important musical instrument is one of the important musical instruments in ancient China. More than 3, years ago, in ancient China, musical instruments were divided into eight types, namely, gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, bamboo, silk and wood, which were called eight tones. Among the eight tones, Yu monopolizes the local sound. In the whole ancient band, it plays the role of filling the alto and harmonizing the high and low notes. The ancients said: "Five tones are positive, six tones are adjusted, rigidity and softness must be in the middle, and the lost is lightly taken away. The stone and stone are treated with the same respect, and the pole is lifted." We should regard Yun as the same as Zhong and Qing, and have the same status. [Edit this paragraph] Chui's playing skills can be divided into two categories: air blowing and tongue blowing, and then they form its playing skills with fingering skills. 1. Air playing skills include long sound, air vibration, lip vibration, etc. Among them, long sound is the basis of Chui's playing skills, and it must be full and round, loud and smooth without noise. The commonly used skills of Xun can be summarized into three categories: qi, finger and tongue: including long sound, qi tremolo, finger tremolo, lip tremolo, sliding sound, spitting sound, beating sound, empty beating sound, cyclic ventilation, Shuang Tu cyclic ventilation and virtual blowing sound. These skills are necessary when playing. In Chui's playing skills, the long sound is the basis of Chui's breath training. By practicing the long sound, you can master the correct breathing method, develop a good playing mouth shape, and have a smooth, full and pure pronunciation. Therefore, it is necessary to keep practicing for a certain time every day, and practice can be combined with strength * * *, and the timbre must be full, round, loud and smooth without noise. Gas tremors, also known as "abdominal tremors", are produced by the airflow vibration caused by abdominal contraction. There are big, small, fast and slow vibrato, which should be determined according to the needs of music content in actual performance. For example, the melody of singing should use even and free gas vibration, while the melody of passion and indignation should use exaggerated gas vibration. The gas vibration sound can be used flexibly on the premise of ensuring the accuracy, and it is required to be uniform and smooth. Lip vibrato is a special kind of fluctuating sound produced by driving the body with both hands to make the damper and blow hole move back and forth quickly. When the body moves backward, the blowing hole becomes smaller and the sound is low; When the body moves forward, the blowing hole becomes larger and the sound is higher. This kind of playing technique is often used to express magical and ethereal artistic conception. 2 Tongue playing skills Pronunciation is a common playing skill. It is suitable for playing warm, cheerful, passionate and lively tunes, and requires a firm, clean and elastic sound with even and stable rhythm. Vomiting is a common playing technique. Suitable for playing warm, cheerful, passionate and lively tunes. Vomiting can be divided into single vomiting (including single external vomiting and single internal vomiting), Shuang Tu, light vomiting, gas vomiting and lip vomiting. On the basis of keeping the correct mouth shape, the tongue is naturally upward, slightly attached to the inner edge of the lip, and quickly retracts when exhaling, so that the airflow rushes into the blowhole to make a short and powerful sound, similar to the "spit" sound. On the basis of keeping the correct mouth shape, the root of the tongue retracts to block the upper palate, and when exhaling, the root of the tongue quickly moves forward, making the air flow rush into the blowhole and make a short and powerful sound, similar to the "library" sound. Shuang Tu is a combination of single internal vomiting and single external vomiting, which is twice as fast as single vomiting, and its sound is similar to "vomit library" or "vomit library", which is suitable for playing cheerful and passionate tunes. Vomiting requires a firm, clean and elastic sound, and the rhythm should be even and stable. There is no essential difference between light spitting and common spitting, except that the range of tongue activity is short and small, the intensity of spitting is weakened, and the sound is light and soft, similar to the "zone" sound, just like the light bow of a stringed instrument, which is suitable for expressing lyric fast music. Exhale depends on the sudden contraction of abdominal strength, coupled with the strong upward support of diaphragm, so that the airflow rushes into the blowhole briefly and forcefully to make sound. Similar to the "shout" sound, the exhalation sound is thick and mellow, but it is not widely used because of its slow exhalation speed, and it is only used occasionally under special circumstances. Lip vomiting relies on the strength of the upper and lower lip muscles, and when the upper and lower lips are consciously opened and closed, the air flow is input into the blowing hole by using the impulse of the air flow in the abdomen to make sound. Similar to the "flapping" sound, lip vomit has a soft pronunciation, which is only suitable for the onset of weak music or special circumstances. The flower tongue is the tongue. The tip of the tongue touches the palate slightly, which makes the tip of the tongue vibrate continuously and rapidly while exhaling, and makes a "beep, beep" sound. Flower tongue sounds are like the fingers of plucked music, and they are only used for special needs. 3 Finger-playing skills vibrato: It is a rapid opening and closing action of the whole hole with your fingers, which makes the sound have a fluctuating effect. The most commonly used vibrato is big, small, third and fourth vibrato, which can be flexibly used according to the characteristics and styles of different works. Tremolo practice is the most important part of finger movement skills, which requires fingers to be flexible and elastic. Slippery: A commonly used playing technique, which is mostly used in humorous, low-pitched and sad music. This technique greatly enriches the expressive force. Slippery can be divided into three types: sliding, sliding and smooth. 1. Up-sliding sound: After playing the original sound, the finger slides up to the second sound (pitch higher than the original sound) without trace, and at the same time, the exhalation intensity is correspondingly enhanced. 2. Descending sound: After playing the original sound, the finger slides down to the second sound (lower than the original sound) without trace, and the exhalation intensity is correspondingly weakened. 3. Smooth tone: It is obtained by pressing the sliding tone and the upper sliding tone at the same time when the finger moves up or down to the second tone without trace and then returns to the original position. Smooth tone, also known as complex glide, is a combination of up and down tones. Glide requires a round and clean timbre and accurate rhythm, and the beginning of each glide is played with a light spit; In addition, don't be nervous when wiping your fingers, and it is advisable to keep it in a natural state. The voice should be soft and smooth, and no trace can be heard. Giving a sound is generally used as a short decorative sound at the end of a phrase and before the end of the local sound, also known as sending a sound. Gift sound is a kind of decorative sound, which hardly occupies the duration of the local sound. It can be heard but not obvious. It should be short and light when playing.