Author: Wang Anshi
The eaves are long and clean without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
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Due to frequent cleaning, the courtyard of the hut is clean without a trace of moss, and the flowers and trees are lined into ridges, all planted by the owner himself.
A small river outside the courtyard is surrounded by a large area of green seedlings, and the two peaks seem to have pushed open the door and given the owner a green hill.
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This poem is inscribed on the wall of Mr. Hu Yin's house. The first two sentences of the poem describe the environment of his home, which is clean and quiet, suggesting the elegance of the owner's life interest; The last two sentences go outside the hospital, describing the deep affection of mountains and rivers for Mr. Hu Yin, using allusions in secret, turning mountains and rivers into images with life feelings, and mountains and rivers actively dating people, showing people's nobility. The whole poem not only praises the simplicity and hard work of the host, but also expresses the poet's quiet state of mind of retiring and seclusion, and enjoys endless fun from the pastoral landscape and contact with civilians.
The first two sentences are about the scenery of the courtyard, which is clean and without moss because of the owner's "long sweep", and "flowers and trees grow in beds" because of the owner's "self-planting", writing about scenery and writing about people.
The last two sentences describe the beauty of the natural environment, with water "circling green" and mountains "sending green". The natural landscape is so affectionate, which also shows the owner's interest in mountains and rivers. Writing scenery also writes scenery, and writing scenery also looks at people. People in the scenery not only show the beauty of objective scenery, but also write the beauty of people, which is quite a feeling of killing two birds with one stone.
The second is the use of foil and personification. If the beauty of the courtyard is artificially created, then the beauty of the environment is naturally created. The two set each other off and become interesting, forming a perfect realm of combining internal and external, artificial and natural beauty. Especially in the latter couplet, the landscape is personified, and the green hills bring beautiful scenery to the host, but they actually break into houses, combining the host's love for natural scenery with the host's love for natural scenery, vividly showing the host's interest in beauty, thus becoming a famous sentence.
"One Water" and "Two Mountains" have been transformed into kind images full of life and feelings, which will be told through the ages. But the last two sentences are widely read, mainly because of the following two points:
First, personification and description are integrated and seamlessly blended. The word "one water to protect the field" is "around", and you can see the winding stream and the green farmland around it. Isn't this like a scene where a mother protects her child with both hands? With the word "protection", the expression of "surrounding" is very clear. As for the word "Pailu" before "Song Qing", it is even more ingenious. It not only wrote that the mountain was not only dark green, but also fascinating, but it seemed to pounce on the courtyard! This description gives readers a fresh and vivid aesthetic feeling. It also shows that the distance of the mountain is not far, just in front of Yang's compound, so it looks within reach. What is particularly touching is that the mountains are rushing, as if they had just rushed from a distance, excited and enthusiastic. These all capture the characteristics of the scenery, and all these descriptions are combined with full personification. The mood and purpose are exactly like the scene of "friends coming from afar": I was so anxious that I rushed into the yard to give gifts without knocking at the door. The two blend seamlessly, setting each other off into interest, both strange and natural. It is both tempered and carved, fresh and meaningful, and has a long charm.
Second, these two poems also conform to the image of Yang Defeng. In Qianlian, you can already see Mr. Hu Yin who is noble in character and full of interest in life. Living only under the eaves of thatched roofs, he not only "sweeps", but also "sweeps for a long time" (that is, often sweeps), so that he is "quiet without moss"; "Flowers and trees grow beds", not by others, but by self-cultivation. It can be seen that he is quiet and refined, simple and hardworking. Such a noble literati, wandering between mountains and rivers, can certainly appreciate their beauty better than others and feel the closeness of "one water" and "two mountains"; The poet imagines that the mountains and rivers have feelings, and has already forged a profound friendship with Mr. Hu Yin. The theme of the poem is "Mr. Hu Yin's Wall", which is closely linked and cared for everywhere, and also shows the depth of the poet's thought.